谁能讲一下NBMA网络有哪些类型，都有哪些具体的特点？
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fNBMA\u7f51\u7edc\uff1f\u539f\u6587
NBMA (non-broadcast multiple access) is one of four network types in the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) communications protocol. NBMA is used to accurately model X.25 and frame relay environments in multiple-access networks where there are no intrinsic broadcast and multicast capabilities. The other OSPF network types are: broadcast, point-to-point, and point-to-multipoint. In an NBMA configuration, OSPF sends HELLO packets (packets sent periodically to establish and confirm neighbor relationships between routers) to each router one at a time rather than multicasting them. The HELLO timer (which tells the router how often to send HELLO packets) is extended from 10 to 30 seconds and the dead router timer (which tells the router how long to wait before it decides that a neighboring router is not functioning) is extended from 40 to 120 seconds.
\u8bd1\u6587:
NBMA\uff08\u975e\u5e7f\u64ad\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u662fOSPF\uff08\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u56db\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002NBMA\u7528\u4e8e\u7cbe\u786e\u6a21\u578bX2.5\u548c\u5e27\u5ef6\u8fdf\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5185\u90e8\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u591a\u70b9\u4f20\u9001\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684OSPF\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\uff1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u548c\u70b9\u5bf9\u591a\u70b9\u3002\u5728NBMA\u8bbe\u7f6e\u91cc\uff0cOSPF\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u547c\u53eb\u5305\uff08\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e34\u8fd1\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5305\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u591a\u5e7f\u64ad\u662f\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u547c\u53eb\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6bcf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u547c\u53eb\u5305\u9700\u8981\u9694\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf10\u523030\u79d2\uff0c\u6b7b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e34\u8fd1\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u7b49\u5f85\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf40\u5230120\u79d2\u3002
\u4f8b\u5b50
Rakc01R1#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 693 bytes
!
version 12.2
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Rakc01R1
!
logging rate-limit console 10 except errors
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip finger
no ip domain-lookup
!
no ip dhcp-client network-discovery
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.10.14.1 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router isis
net 49.0002.1420.0000.1001.00
!
ip kerberos source-interface any
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
transport input none
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
end
Rakc01R1#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rakc01R3#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1149 bytes
!
version 12.1
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
service udp-small-servers
service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Rakc01R3
!
logging rate-limit console 10 except errors
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip finger
no ip domain-lookup
!
clns routing
cns event-service server
!
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.0.21 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
ip address 198.10.235.3 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
frame-relay map clns 302 broadcast
frame-relay map clns 306 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface BRI0
no ip address
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
!
router isis
net 49.0001.1420.0000.3003.00
!
ip default-gateway 192.168.0.20
ip kerberos source-interface any
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
transport input none
line aux 0
transport input all
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
Rakc01R3#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rakc01R2#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 890 bytes
!
version 12.2
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Rakc01R2
!
logging rate-limit console 10 except errors
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip finger
no ip domain-lookup
!
no ip dhcp-client network-discovery
clns routing
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
ip address 198.10.235.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map clns 203 broadcast
frame-relay map clns 206 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
router isis
net 49.0001.1420.0000.2002.00
!
ip kerberos source-interface any
ip classless
ip http server
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
transport input none
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
end
Rakc01R2#
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------
R2-----R4-----R1 |
/ \ |
/ \ |
R5 ----R3 |
---------------------------------
\u62d3\u6251\u5982\u4e0a
R2\u3001R3\u3001R5\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3aFULL MESH\u7684NBMA\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c \u533a\u57df1, R4\u3001R1\u7ec4\u6210\u533a\u57df2
R2: 49.0001.1420.0000.2002.00
R3: 49.0001.1420.0000.3003.00
R5: 49.0001.1420.0000.5005.00
-------------------------------------------------
R4: 49.0002.1420.0000.4004.00
R1: 49.0002.1420.0000.1001.00
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e9bCLNS\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0cCLNS\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eIP\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5728FR\u4e2dMap\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c61\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c
map ip XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX DLCI\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53bb\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981map clns DLCI Bro\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002ISIS\u4e0d\u5728P2MP\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728P2P\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002ISIS\u4e0d\u60f3OSPF\u6709\uff0cip ospf network [\u7c7b\u578b]\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65e2\u8981\u6ce8\u610fCLNS\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528sh clns nei\u6765\u67e5\u770bISIS\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cdeb isis is-nei de\u6765\u67e5\u770bISIS\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0csh isis da\u6765\u770b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u5230hello\u5305\u3002
\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528sh int s 0\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8bef\u7801\u7387\uff0c\u6765\u6392\u9664\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u9519\u8bef
\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u95ee\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u6709OSPF\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u54ea\u6709NBMA\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff1fOSPF\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1astub\uff0c\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\uff0c\u70b9\u5bf9\u591a\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNBMA\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u8bf4NBMA\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9664\u4e86\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662fNBMA\uff0c\u5305\u62ecFR,ATM,X.25\u3002
转一段文字给你，同时建议你再仔细学习一下NP ospf的部分。NBMA（非广播多路访问网络）是OSPF（开放最短路径优先）通信协议中四种网络的一种。NBMA网络类型的hello-time默认时间为30s，dead-time时间为120s。NBMA用于精确模型X.25和帧中继环境，这些模型不具备内部广播和多点传送能力。其他的OSPF网络类型有：广播、点对点和点对多点。在NBMA设置里，OSPF一次只发送一个呼叫包（在路由器间周期性发送的建立和确认临近关系的包）而不是多广播式的发送给他们。呼叫计时器（它控制路由器每发送一个呼叫包需要隔多少时间）需要延迟10到30秒，失效路由器计时器（它控制在决定临近路由器失效时应该等待多少时间）需要延迟40到120秒。NBMA:一般和部分互联的网络结合使用，需要选举DR/BDR和人工指定邻居。优点相对point-to-multipoint模式它的负载较低。貌似这个只用在帧中继上了吧！！！！
绛旓細OSPF閲岄潰鐨NBMA锛氬叏绉颁负闈炲箍鎾璺闂傜湅杩囦功搴旇鐞嗚В锛孫SPF鎶缃戠粶绫诲瀷鍒嗕负2绉嶏紝Point-to-point,NBMA.鍓嶄竴绉嶆槸璇鐨勮矾鐢卞櫒鐩磋繛锛屾垨鑰呬粎浠呮槸2鍙拌矾鐢辩殑鑱旂嚎銆傚悗闈㈡寚鐨勬槸涓鍙板埌澶氬彴锛屽鍙板埌澶氬彴璺敱鍣ㄧ殑鑱旂綉銆傝繖閲屼笉寰椾笉璇达細鎬濈绉佹湁鍗忚瀵筄SPF杩涜浜嗘墿灞曘傛妸NBMA鍒嗕负3绫伙細鐐瑰埌澶氱偣锛圥-T-M锛夛紝骞...
绛旓細銆愮瓟妗堛戯細C 瑕佺偣瑙ｆ瀽锛0SPF鍗忚鏀寔鐨4绉嶇綉缁滅被鍨嬫槸骞挎挱澶氬潃缃戠粶(澶氳矾璁块棶)銆丯BMA(闈炲箍鎾璺闂)缃戠粶銆佺偣鍒扮偣缃戠粶銆佺偣鍒板鐐圭綉缁銆傚箍鎾鍧缃戠粶鍖呮嫭鍚勭绫诲瀷鐨勪互澶綉(Ethemat)銆佷护鐗岀幆銆丗DDl绛夋湁骞挎挱鑳藉姏鐨勭綉缁溿侼BMA缃戠粶鍖呮嫭杩愯甯т腑缁(FrameRelay)銆乆锛25銆丄TM绛夊崗璁殑缃戠粶锛屽叾鐗圭偣鏄换鎰忎袱鐐瑰彲杈...
绛旓細澶氳矾璁块棶 灏辨槸 绫讳技浜 1瀵瑰鎴栬呭瀵瑰鐨勭綉缁锛屼綘鐨勭悊瑙ｆ槸瀵圭殑銆俷bma缃戠粶鍏跺疄灏辨槸 fr绾胯矾鎴栬厁銆25鐨勭綉缁滐紝涓瀵瑰 鍥犱负涓嶆敮鎸佸箍鎾 鎵浠bma缃戠粶涓繀椤讳娇鐢╪eighbor鍛戒护 鎵嬪姩娣诲姞閭诲眳銆傚箍鎾綉缁 涔熷氨鏄钩鏃舵垜浠鐨勫湪涓涓箍鎾煙閲岄潰鐨勭綉缁溿傛瘮濡 澶氬彴璺敱鍣ㄦ帴鍦ㄥ悓涓涓氦鎹㈡満涓婏紝閭ｄ箞 璺敱鍣ㄦ帴浜ゆ崲鏈虹殑...
绛旓細3銆侀潪骞挎挱鍨嬬綉缁滐細涓庡箍鎾瀷缃戠粶鐩稿弽锛岄潪骞挎挱鍨嬬綉缁滀腑鐨勮矾鐢卞櫒浣跨敤澶氭挱鍦板潃鍙戦丱SPF娑堟伅锛岃繖绉嶇被鍨嬬殑缃戠粶鍦∣SPF鍗忚涓绉颁负NBMA锛堥潪骞挎挱澶氳矾璁块棶锛夌綉缁溿4銆佽櫄閾捐矾锛圴irtual Link锛夛細铏氶摼璺槸鍦ㄤ袱涓狝rea涔嬮棿鐨勯昏緫閾捐矾锛屼富瑕佺敤浜庤В鍐充笉鍚孉rea涔嬮棿鐨勯氫俊闂銆傝櫄閾捐矾骞朵笉鐩存帴杩炴帴涓や釜璺敱鍣紝鑰屾槸閫氳繃涓涓...
绛旓細MA缃戠粶灏辨槸 Multiaccess 澶氳矾璁块棶缃戠粶锛屽畠鍒嗕负涓ょ锛 涓鏄疊roadcast 骞挎挱鐨勫璺闂綉缁滐紙渚嬪 Ethernet銆乀oken Ring銆丗DDI锛夛紝浜屾槸Nonbroadcast Multiacccess锛NBMA锛夐潪骞挎挱鐨勫璺闂綉缁滐紙渚嬪锛欶rame Relay鐗╃悊鎺ュ彛鍜屽鐐瑰瓙鎺ュ彛锛宎nd X.25 锛孉TM锛...
绛旓細2.鍦∟BMA璁剧疆閲岋紝OSPF涓娆″彧鍙戦佷竴涓懠鍙寘銆傦紙涓涓懠鍙寘涓嶆槸涓嶅仠鍦板彂鍖咃級3.鍦 缁勬挱 涓紝鍚屼竴涓粍鐨勪富鏈哄彲浠ユ帴鍙楀埌姝ょ粍鍐呯殑鎵鏈夋暟鎹紝缃戠粶涓殑浜ゆ崲鏈哄拰 璺敱鍣 鍙悜鏈夐渶姹傝呭鍒跺苟杞彂鍏舵墍闇鏁版嵁銆傦紙缁勬挱鐨勫惈涔夛級4.NBMA鍙仛闈炲箍鎾璺闂綉缁溿傛垜涔熶笉鐭ラ亾鑷繁鐞嗚В鐨勫涓嶅锛岀煡閬撲粬鐢ㄧ粍鎾紝杩...
绛旓細P2MP鍜孭2MP NBMA閮芥槸OSPF涓娇鐢ㄧ殑缃戠粶绫诲瀷锛汸2MP鏄偣鍒板鐐圭綉缁滐紝鐗圭偣鏄粍鎾洿鏂帮紝骞朵笖鏄氱敤鏍囧噯 P2MP NBMA鏄潪骞挎挱澶氳矾璁块棶鐐瑰埌澶氱偣缃戠粶锛堝叾瀹炲氨鏄疦BMA鍜孭2MP缁撳悎锛夛紝鐗圭偣鏄崟鎾洿鏂帮紝涓斾负Cisco绉佹湁 PS锛氫粬浠殑鍏卞悓鐐规槸閮戒笉閫塂R锛孒ello鏃堕棿涓30S锛屽苟涓斾細鑷姩浜х敓涓鏉″埌杈惧鏂圭洿杩炲彛鐨32浣嶄富鏈鸿矾鐢 ...
绛旓細NBMA缃戠粶鍗曟挱鎸囬偦灞咃紝30s锛岄変妇DR/BDR锛堣繖閲屼篃鎻愪竴涓嬶紝鍙湁MA鍜孨BMA缃戠粶閫変妇DR/BDR),鍚屾椂瀹冧篃涓嶄細浜х敓鎸囧悜瀵圭鐨32浣嶄富鏈鸿矾鐢便傚畠涓嶆敮鎸佸箍鎾拰缁勬挱锛屽洜姝spf鐨刪ello鍖呴粯璁ゆ槸鍙戜笉杩囧幓鐨勶紝杩欐槸妤间富灏遍渶瑕佸仛鍏朵粬鐨勯厤缃潵鏃朵粬浠彲浠ヨ繛閫氥傛湁涓夌鏂规硶 1銆佸崟鎾寚閭诲眳锛屼篃灏辨槸鍦ㄨ矾鐢辫繘绋嬩笅锛岀洿鎺ヨ緭鍏eighbor...
绛旓細OSPF鎵杩愯鐨勬暟鎹摼璺眰鐨勯摼璺被鍨嬫湁涓夌:鐐瑰埌鐐(P2P),骞挎挱鍨,NMBA銆 鎵瀵瑰簲鐨缃戠粶绫诲瀷涓:鐐瑰埌鐐(P2P),骞挎挱(Broadcast),NBMA,铏氶摼璺 (缃戜笂鎵璋撶殑:浜旂缃戠粶绫诲瀷鎴栬呮槸鍏缃戠粶绫诲瀷,杩欐槸鐢变簬鍦∟BMA缃戠粶绫诲瀷涓,RFC鍜孋isco瀹氫箟浜哋SPF鍦∟BMA缃戠粶涓殑杩愯妯″紡,鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ュ皢杩欎簺杩愯妯″紡鐪嬩綔鏄瘡涓绉嶇綉缁滅被鍨嬨) 1....
绛旓細LZ闂繖涓や釜缃戠粶绫诲瀷鑳藉惁閰嶇疆OSPF闂锛熷彲瑙佹槸浣犲鍏朵腑鐞嗚В鐨勪笉鏄お閫忓交锛屽懙鍛点傛病鍏崇郴锛屽叾瀹炲緢绠鍗曘傞鍏NBMA涓庡鐐圭綉缁滐紙鏇寸‘鍒囩殑鍙硶鏄滅偣鍒板鐐圭綉缁溾濓級灏辨槸OSPF鍗忚鐨4绉嶄富瑕佺綉缁滅被鍨嬬殑涓ょ锛屽凡缁忔槸NBMA鍜岀偣鍒板鐐逛簡锛屽氨鏄鏄庤繖鏉＄綉缁滅殑璺敱鍗忚閲岄潰涓昏鐢ㄧ殑灏辨槸OSPF浜嗐傜偣鍒板鐐癸紙PTMP锛変笌NBMA锛...
