总结酸碱盐的化学性质,包括反应条件及每一条性质下的两个化学方程式 酸碱盐的化学性质极其典型化学方程式
\u9178\u78b1\u76d0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u6307\u793a\u5242\u6216pH\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u662fH\u79bb\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u6307\u793a\u5242\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5199\u4e0d\u51fa\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u78b1\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u5e76\u4e14\u653e\u70ed\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709\u7684\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5c31\u5199\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u5c11\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\uff0cH+\u52a0\u4e0aOH--=H2O\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5f97\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\uff1b\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6c22\u524d\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5e94\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u6c22\u6c14\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6c22\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u94be\u9499\u94a0\u9541\u94dd\u950c\u94c1\u9521\u94c5\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u94f6\u524d\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94Cu+H2SO4(\u6d53)=====CuSO4+SO2+2H20\uff09\uff1b\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff08Na2O\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff08\u5982ZnO\Al2O3)\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34\uff1b\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u76d0\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u5982\u786b\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u94a1\u76d0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aBa2+\u52a0\u4e0aSO4 2-- ===BaSO4(\u6c89\u6dc0\u53f7\uff09\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u9178\u5236\u53d6\u5f31\u9178\uff08\u5982CH3COO-\u52a0\u4e0aH+===CH3COOH\u539f\u7406\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff09\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u53cd\u5e94
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\u78f7\u9178\u4e00\u6c22\u76d0\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u6c22\u76d0\u3001\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u3001\u786b\u9178\u76d0\u7b49\u7b49\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u76d0\u53d1\u751f\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9178\uff08\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u9178\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7845\u9178\u4e0d\u53ef\u6eb6\uff09\u6216\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u78b1\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u548c\u9178\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff082KMnO4+16HCl\uff08\u6d53\uff09\uff1d2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2\u2191+8H2O\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u76d0\u5305\u542b\u7279\u6b8a\u76d0\uff1b\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u5728\u521d\u4e2d\u65f6\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e94\u56e0\u4e3a\u521d\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u9178\u90fd\u6bd4\u78b3\u9178\u5f3a\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982HCN\u2014\u2014\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u9178\u6027\u6bd4\u78b3\u9178\u8fd8\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6325\u53d1\u51fa\u5267\u6bd2\u6c14\u4f53\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\uff0c\u5438\u4e00\u53e3\u5c31\u5012\u90a3\u4e86\uff09\u6709\u7684\u76d0\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u524d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u76d0\u5fc5\u6eb6\uff0c\u94be\u9499\u94a0\u9664\u5916\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u592a\u6d3b\u6cfc\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u78b1\u548c\u6c22\u6c14\u540e\u518d\u7531\u78b1\u548c\u76d0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7528\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u94be\u9499\u94a0\u548c\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u76d0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aCuSO4+Zn= ZnSO4+Cu \uff09
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\u521d\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u5e38\u89c1\u7269\u8d28\u4fd7\u79f0
1\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0 \uff08NaCl\uff09 \uff1a \u98df\u76d0
2\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u94a0(Na2CO3) \uff1a \u7eaf\u78b1\uff0c\u82cf\u6253\uff0c\u53e3\u78b1
3\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0(NaOH)\uff1a\u706b\u78b1\uff0c\u70e7\u78b1\uff0c\u82db\u6027\u94a0
4\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u9499(CaO)\uff1a\u751f\u77f3\u7070
5\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499(Ca(OH)2)\uff1a\u719f\u77f3\u7070\uff0c\u6d88\u77f3\u7070
6\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u56fa\u4f53(CO2)\uff1a\u5e72\u51b0
7\u3001\u6c22\u6c2f\u9178(HCl)\uff1a\u76d0\u9178
8\u3001\u78b1\u5f0f\u78b3\u9178\u94dc(Cu2(OH)2CO3)\uff1a\u94dc\u7eff
9\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6676\u4f53(CuSO4 .5H2O)\uff1a\u84dd\u77fe\uff0c\u80c6\u77fe
10\u3001\u7532\u70f7 (CH4)\uff1a\u6cbc\u6c14
11\u3001\u4e59\u9187(C2H5OH)\uff1a\u9152\u7cbe
12\u3001\u4e59\u9178(CH3COOH)\uff1a\u918b\u9178
13\u3001\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22(H2O2)\uff1a\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34
14\u3001\u6c5e(Hg)\uff1a\u6c34\u94f6
15\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\uff08NaHCO3\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u82cf\u6253
\u521d\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u5e38\u89c1\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206
1\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\uff1a\u6c2e\u6c14\uff08N2\uff09\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\uff08O2\uff09
2\u3001\u6c34\u7164\u6c14\uff1a\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff08CO\uff09\u548c\u6c22\u6c14\uff08H2\uff09
3\u3001\u7164\u6c14\uff1a\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff08CO\uff09
4\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff1a\u7532\u70f7\uff08CH4\uff09
5\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u77f3/\u5927\u7406\u77f3\uff1a\uff08CaCO3\uff09
6\u3001\u751f\u94c1/\u94a2\uff1a\uff08Fe\uff09
7\u3001\u6728\u70ad/\u7126\u70ad/\u70ad\u9ed1/\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\uff1a\uff08C\uff09
8\u3001\u94c1\u9508\uff1a\uff08Fe2O3\uff09
\u5316\u5b66\u4e4b\u6700
1\u3001\u672a\u6765\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u662f H2 \u3002
2\u3001\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u662f CH4 \u3002
3\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u662f H2 \u3002
4\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u662f H2 \u3002
5\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u662fH2O \u3002
6\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u662f \u539f\u5b50 \u3002
7\u3001PH=0\u65f6\uff0c\u9178\u6027\u6700 \u5f3a \uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u6700 \u5f31 \u3002
PH=14\u65f6\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u6700\u5f3a \uff0c\u9178\u6027\u6700\u5f31 \u3002
8\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u91cc\u6700\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u662f N\uff0cK\uff0cP \u4e09\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u80a5\u6548\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6c2e\u80a5\u662f \u5c3f\u7d20 \u3002
9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u6700\u786c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u662f \u91d1\u521a\u77f3 \u3002
10\u3001\u6700\u65e9\u5229\u7528\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f \u4e2d\u56fd \u3002
11\u3001\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u542b\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f \u6c27 \u3002
12\u3001\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u542b\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u662f \u94dd \u3002
13\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u91cc\u542b\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u662f \u6c2e\u6c14 \u3002
14\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u91cc\u542b\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f \u6c2e \u3002
15\u3001\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u662f \u7164\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u6c14 \u3002
16\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u78b3
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5
\u25b3
1\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6c27\u6c14\uff1a 2KMnO4=====2K2MnO4+MnO2+O2\u2191
MnO2
2KClO3=======2KCl+3O2\u2191
\u25b3
MnO2
2H2O2=======2H2O+O2\u2191
2\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c22\u6c14
Zn+H2SO4===ZnSO4+H2\u2191 (\u5e38\u7528) Fe+H2SO4===FeSO4+H2\u2191
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2\u2191 2Al+3H2SO4==Al2(SO4)3+3H2\u2191
Zn+2HCl===ZnCl2+H2\u2191 Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2\u2191
Mg+2HCl===MgCl2+H2\u2191 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2\u2191
4\u3001 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236CO2:
CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+CO2\u2191 +H2O
\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff08\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
1. \u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2MgO
2. \u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 Fe3O4
3. \u94dc\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d7\u70ed\uff1a2Cu + O2 \u52a0\u70ed 2CuO
4. \u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4Al + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2Al2O3
5. \u6c22\u6c14\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2H2O
6. \u7ea2\u78f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\uff1a4P + 5O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2P2O5
7. \u786b\u7c89\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a S + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 SO2
8. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2
9. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2C + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO
\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
10. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2CO + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2
11. \u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2 + 2H2O
12. \u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2 + 3H2O
\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1a
13\uff0e\u73bb\u4e49\u8033\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5b9e\u9a8c 2HgO \u52a0\u70ed Hg+ O2 \u2191
14\uff0e\u52a0\u70ed\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\uff1a2KMnO4 \u52a0\u70ed K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\u2191\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\u539f\u74061\uff09
15\uff0e\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u5728\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9530\u4f5c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a H2O2 MnO22H2O+ O2 \u2191\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\u539f\u74062\uff09
\u8d28\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a
19\uff0e\u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2MgO
20\uff0e\u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 === FeSO4 + Cu
21\uff0e\u6c22\u6c14\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aH2 + CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + H2O
22. \u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aMg + CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + MgO
\u78b3\u548c\u78b3\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
23. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2
24\uff0e\u6728\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aC+ 2CuO \u9ad8\u6e29 2Cu + CO2\u2191
25\uff0e \u7126\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3C+ 2Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
\uff082\uff09\u7164\u7089\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
26\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\uff1aC + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2
27\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\uff1aCO2 + C \u9ad8\u6e29 2CO
28\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u4e0a\u90e8\u84dd\u8272\u706b\u7130\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a2CO + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2
\uff083\uff09\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u5236\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
29\uff0e\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1a
CaCO3 + 2HCl == CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
30\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5206\u89e3\uff1aH2CO3 == H2O + CO2\u2191
31\uff0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1a H2O + CO2== H2CO3
32\uff0e\u9ad8\u6e29\u7145\u70e7\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\uff08\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1aCaCO3 \u9ad8\u6e29 CaO + CO2\u2191
33\uff0e\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u9274\u522b\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1a
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 === CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
\uff084\uff09\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
34\uff0e\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aCO+ CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + CO2
35\uff0e\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\uff1a2CO + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2
\u5176\u5b83\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
36\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u706d\u706b\u5668\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff09:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u706d\u706b\u5668\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff09:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u71c3\u6599\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u7528\uff1a
37\uff0e\u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2 + 2H2O
38\uff0e\u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2 + 3H2O
39\uff0e \u6c22\u6c14\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2H2O
\u91d1\u5c5e
\uff081\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
40\uff0e \u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2MgO
41\uff0e \u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 Fe3O4
42. \u94dc\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d7\u70ed\uff1a2Cu + O2 \u52a0\u70ed 2CuO
43. \u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u6c27\u5316\u819c\uff1a4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3
\uff082\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u9178 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c22\u6c14 \uff08\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
44. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2\u2191
45. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2\u2191
46. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Mg + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2\u2191
47. \u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u91782Al +3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 +3 H2\u2191
48. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Zn + 2HCl == ZnCl2 + H2\u2191
49. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Fe + 2HCl == FeCl2 + H2\u2191
50. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Mg+ 2HCl == MgCl2 + H2\u2191
51\uff0e\u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u91782Al + 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3 H2\u2191
\uff083\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u76d0\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09 ------- \u65b0\u91d1\u5c5e + \u65b0\u76d0
52. \u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu
53. \u950c\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aZn + CuSO4 ==ZnSO4 + Cu
54. \u94dc\u548c\u785d\u9178\u6c5e\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + Hg(NO3)2 == Cu(NO3)2 + Hg
\uff083\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u7684\u6cbb\u70bc\u539f\u7406\uff1a
55\uff0e3CO+ 2Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0
1\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09\u9178 + \u91d1\u5c5e -------- \u76d0 + \u6c22\u6c14\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\uff09
\uff082\uff09\u9178 + \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269-------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
56. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 6HCl ==2FeCl3 + 3H2O
57. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 3H2SO4 == Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
58. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + 2HCl ==CuCl2 + H2O
59. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + H2SO4 == CuSO4 + H2O
\uff083\uff09\u9178 + \u78b1 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34\uff08\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
60\uff0e\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + NaOH == NaCl +H2O
61. \u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2HCl + Ca(OH)2 == CaCl2 + 2H2O
62. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u80c3\u9178\u8fc7\u591a\uff1a3HCl + Al(OH)3 == AlCl3 + 3H2O
63. \u786b\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + 2NaOH == Na2SO4 + 2H2O
\uff084\uff09\u9178 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9178 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
64\uff0e\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaCO3 + 2HCl == CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
65\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
66\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNaHCO3 + HCl== NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
67. \u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + BaCl2 == BaSO4 \u2193+ 2HCl
2\u3001\u78b1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09 \u78b1 + \u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
68\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1a2NaOH + CO2 == Na2CO3 + H2O
69\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO2 == Na2SO3 + H2O
70\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO3 == Na2SO4 + H2O
71\uff0e\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u653e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1aCa(OH)2 + CO2 == CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
72. \u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\uff1aCa(OH)2 + SO2 == CaSO3 \u2193+ H2O
\uff082\uff09\u78b1 + \u9178-------- \u76d0 + \u6c34\uff08\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89c1\u4e0a\uff09
\uff083\uff09\u78b1 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u78b1 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
73. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\uff1aCa(OH)2 + Na2CO3 == CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaOH
3\u3001\u76d0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09\u76d0\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09 + \u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
74. \u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu
\uff082\uff09\u76d0 + \u9178-------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9178 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
75\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNaHCO3 + HCl== NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\uff083\uff09\u76d0 + \u78b1 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u78b1 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
76. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\uff1aCa(OH)2 + Na2CO3 == CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaOH
\uff084\uff09\u76d0 + \u76d0 ----- \u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u76d0
77\uff0e\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\uff1aNaCl + AgNO3 == AgCl\u2193 + NaNO3
78\uff0e\u786b\u9178\u94a0\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\uff1aNa2SO4 + BaCl2 == BaSO4\u2193 + 2NaCl
（1）跟指示剂反应 紫色石蕊试液遇酸变红色
无色酚酞试液遇酸不变色
（2）跟活泼金属起置换反应 酸 + 金属==盐 + 氢气
2HCl＋Fe=FeCl2＋H2↑
（3） 跟碱性氧化物反应 酸 + 性氧化物—→盐+水
3H2SO4+Fe2O3=Fe2(SO4)3＋3H2O
（4）跟某些盐反应 酸+盐—→新酸+新盐
H2SO4＋BaCl2=2HCl＋BaSO4↓
（5）跟碱起中和反应 酸+碱—→盐+水
2HCl＋Cu(OH)2=CuCl2＋2H2O
碱的化学性质
（1）跟指示剂反应 紫色石蕊试液遇碱变蓝色
无色酚酞试液遇碱变红色
（2）跟酸性氧化物反应 碱+酸性氧化物—→盐+水
2NaOH＋CO2 = Na2CO3＋H2O
（3）跟酸反应 碱+酸—→盐+水
Ba(OH)2＋2HCl＝BaCl2＋2H2O
（4）跟某些盐反应 碱+盐—→新碱+新盐
Ca(OH)2＋Na2CO3＝CaCO3↓＋2NaOH
盐的化学性质
（1）盐+某些金属=新盐+新金属
湿法炼铜Fe+CuSO4=Cu+FeSO4
（2）盐+某些酸=新盐+新酸
AgNO3+HCl=AgCl↓+HNO3
（3）盐+某些碱=新盐+新碱
2NaOH+CuSO4=Na2SO4+Cu（OH）2↓
（4）盐+另一种盐=另两种盐（条件：反应物可溶于水）
CaCl2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓＋2NaCl
注：NaNO3,KNO3不与其他盐反应
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绛旓細鐗╃悊鎬ц川鐪嬩功鐪嬮忎簡灏卞ぇ姒傛槑鐧戒簡 涓嶄細鐨勫彲浠ュ啀鍘婚棶闂佸笀 鍖栧鎬ц川锛堣繖鎵嶆槸闅剧偣锛夛細锛堜竴锛夐吀鐨勬ц川锛1锛変笌鎸囩ず鍓鍙嶅簲 绱壊鐭宠晩璇曟恫鍙樼孩鑹诧紝鏃犺壊閰氶厼璇曟恫涓嶅彉鑹层傦紙2锛夐吀 锛 纰 锛 鐩 锛 姘淬傦紙3锛夐吀 锛 鏌愪簺閲戝睘姘у寲鐗 锛 鐩 锛 姘淬傦紙4锛夐吀 锛 娲绘臣閲戝睘 锛 鐩 锛 姘㈡皵銆傦紙5锛夐吀 锛 ...
绛旓細楂樹竴鍖栧閰哥⒈鐩愮殑鎬ц川绗旇浠嬬粛濡備笅锛氫竴銆侀吀鐨勯氭 浣块吀纰辨寚绀哄墏鍙樿壊銆備笌娲绘臣閲戝睘鍙嶅簲锛氶氬紡涓洪吀+娲绘臣閲戝睘鈫掔洂+姘㈡皵銆備笌鏌愪簺閲戝睘姘у寲鐗╁弽搴旓細閫氬紡涓洪吀+閲戝睘姘у寲鐗┾啋鐩+姘淬備笌纰卞弽搴旓細閫氬紡涓洪吀+纰扁啋鐩+姘淬備笌鏌愪簺鐩愬弽搴锛氶氬紡涓洪吀+鐩愨啋鏂伴吀+鏂扮洂銆備簩銆佺⒈鐨勯氭 涓庨吀纰辨寚绀哄墏鍙嶅簲锛氳兘浣跨传鑹茬煶钑婃憾娑...
绛旓細锛2锛夎窡閰告ф哀鍖栫墿鍙嶅簲 纰+閰告ф哀鍖栫墿鈥斺啋鐩+姘 2NaOH锛婥O2 = Na2CO3锛婬2O 锛3锛夎窡閰稿弽搴 纰+閰糕斺啋鐩+姘 Ba(OH)2锛2HCl锛滲aCl2锛2H2O 锛4锛夎窡鏌愪簺鐩愬弽搴 纰+鐩愨斺啋鏂扮⒈+鏂扮洂 Ca(OH)2锛婲a2CO3锛滳aCO3鈫擄紜2NaOH 鐩愮殑鍖栧鎬ц川 锛1锛夌洂+鏌愪簺閲戝睘=鏂扮洂+鏂伴噾灞 婀挎硶鐐奸摐Fe+CuSO4=Cu+...
绛旓細閰哥⒈鐩愮殑鍖栧鎬ц川锛氬垎绫昏蹇 鈶犱笌閰哥⒈鎸囩ず鍓傜殑鍙嶅簲锛 閰告憾娑蹭娇绱壊鐭宠晩璇曟恫鍙樼孩鑹诧紝涓嶈兘浣挎棤鑹查厷閰炶瘯娑插彉鑹 纰辨憾娑蹭娇绱壊鐭宠晩璇曟恫鍙樿摑鑹诧紝浣挎棤鑹查厷閰炶瘯娑插彉绾㈣壊 鈶′笌閲戝睘鍙戠敓缃崲鍙嶅簲锛堝繀椤荤鍚堥噾灞炴椿鍔ㄦч『搴忚寰嬶級閲戝睘 + 閰 鈫 鐩 + 姘㈡皵 Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4 + H2鈫 閲戝睘锛嬬洂鈫掗噾灞烇紜鐩 ...
绛旓細锛5锛夎窡纰辫捣涓拰鍙嶅簲 閰+纰扁斺啋鐩+姘 纰辩殑閫氭э細1銆佷笌閰哥⒈鎸囩ず鍓傚弽搴2銆佷笌闈為噾灞炴哀鍖栫墿鍙嶅簲3銆佷笌閰稿彂鐢熶腑鍜屽弽搴 4銆佷笌鏌愪簺鐩愬弽搴 鐩愬垎涓烘鐩愩侀吀寮忕洂锛岀⒈寮忕洂銆佸鐩愶紙鐢电鍑轰袱绉嶉噾灞為槼绂诲瓙銆佷竴绉嶉吀鏍癸級銆佹贩鐩 锛堜袱绉嶉吀鏍广佷竴绉嶉噾灞炵瀛愶級锛堝墠闈笁绉嶃佹ゼ涓讳綘鎳傚緱锛鐩愮殑鎬ц川鐪熺殑鎬荤粨涓嶆潵锛屽繏澶氫簡锛
绛旓細HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH == Na2SO4 + 2H2O H2SO4 + Cu(OH)2=CuSO4+ 2H2O 5銆侀吀涓庢煇浜鐩愮殑鍙嶅簲锛氶吀+鐩愨啋鏂伴吀+鏂扮洂 HCl + AgNO3 = AgCl鈫+ HNO3 H2SO4+ BaCl2=BaSO4鈫+2HCl CaCO3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + CO2鈫 + H2O 6銆佺⒈涓庨吀鎬ф哀鍖栫墿鍙嶅簲锛氱⒈+...
绛旓細閰哥⒈鐩愮殑涓昏鍖栧鎬ц川涓 娑夊強鍒扮殑鍙嶅簲绫诲瀷鏈夛細澶 鍒嗚В鍙嶅簲锛鍖呮嫭閰哥⒈涓拰 鍙嶅簲锛夛紝缃崲鍙嶅簲銆
绛旓細閰哥⒈鐩愮殑鍖栧鎬ц川濡備笅锛氱洂鏄敱闃崇瀛愶紙姝ｇ數鑽风瀛愶級涓庨槾绂诲瓙锛堣礋鐢佃嵎绂诲瓙锛夋墍缁勬垚鐨勪腑鎬э紙涓嶅甫鐢佃嵎锛夌殑绂诲瓙鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鍜岄吀鍙戠敓鍙嶅簲[澶嶅垎瑙ｅ弽搴擼閰+鐩愨啋鏂扮洂+鏂伴吀锛堝己閰糕啋寮遍吀锛夎繖閲岀殑鐩愬彲浠ユ槸涓嶆憾鎬х洂銆傚拰纰卞彂鐢熷鍒嗚В鍙嶅簲锛纰憋紙鍙憾锛+鐩愶紙鍙憾锛夆啋鏂扮⒈+鏂扮洂銆傞吀鎸囩數绂绘椂浜х敓鐨勯槼绂诲瓙鍏ㄩ儴閮芥槸姘...
绛旓細锛2锛夎窡閰告ф哀鍖栫墿鍙嶅簲 纰+閰告ф哀鍖栫墿鈥斺啋鐩+姘 2NaOH锛婥O2 = Na2CO3锛婬2O 锛3锛夎窡閰稿弽搴 纰+閰糕斺啋鐩+姘 Ba(OH)2锛2HCl锛滲aCl2锛2H2O 锛4锛夎窡鏌愪簺鐩愬弽搴 纰+鐩愨斺啋鏂扮⒈+鏂扮洂 Ca(OH)2锛婲a2CO3锛滳aCO3鈫擄紜2NaOH 鐩愮殑鍖栧鎬ц川 锛1锛夌洂+鏌愪簺閲戝睘=鏂扮洂+鏂伴噾灞 婀挎硶鐐奸摐Fe+CuSO4=Cu+...
