说说动词不定式和ing分词的用法 英语中常用的动词不定式和（ing分词）
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5--\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
7.1 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed
1) \u52a8\u8bcd+ \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
\u53f8\u673a\u6ca1\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u770b\u89c1\u53e6\u4e00\u8f86\u8f66\u3002
I happen to know the answer to your question.
\u6211\u78b0\u5de7\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u90a3\u9053\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002
2\uff09\u52a8\u8bcd+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f \uff1b \u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish\u2026
I like to keep everything tidy. \u6211\u559c\u6b22\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u6d01\u3002
I like you to keep everything tidy. \u6211\u559c\u6b22\u4f60\u5e74\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u6d01\u3002
I want to speak to Tom. \u6211\u60f3\u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002
I want you to speak to Tom. \u6211\u60f3\u8ba9\u4f60\u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002
3\uff09 \u52a8\u8bcd+\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. \u8bf7\u6f14\u793a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u505a\u3002
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can\u2019t make up my mind which to buy.\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u62ff\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e3b\u610f\u4e70\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f:\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u5e26\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6210\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
The question is how to put it into practice.
\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u600e\u6837\u628a\u5b83\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002
7.1 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed
1) \u52a8\u8bcd+ \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
\u53f8\u673a\u6ca1\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u770b\u89c1\u53e6\u4e00\u8f86\u8f66\u3002
I happen to know the answer to your question.
\u6211\u78b0\u5de7\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u90a3\u9053\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002
2\uff09\u52a8\u8bcd+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f \uff1b \u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish\u2026
I like to keep everything tidy. \u6211\u559c\u6b22\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u6d01\u3002
I like you to keep everything tidy. \u6211\u559c\u6b22\u4f60\u5e74\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u6d01\u3002
I want to speak to Tom. \u6211\u60f3\u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002
I want you to speak to Tom. \u6211\u60f3\u8ba9\u4f60\u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002
3\uff09 \u52a8\u8bcd+\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. \u8bf7\u6f14\u793a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u505a\u3002
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can\u2019t make up my mind which to buy.\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u62ff\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e3b\u610f\u4e70\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f:\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u5e26\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6210\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
The question is how to put it into practice.
\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u600e\u6837\u628a\u5b83\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002
7.2 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u8865\u8bed
1) \u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
\u7236\u4eb2\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u73a9\u800d\u3002
b. We believe him to be guilty.
\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u3002
Find \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a
Find \u540e\u53ef\u7528\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865\uff0c\u6216\u5148\u52a0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u5e26to \u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u3002find\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6709get\uff0chave\u3002
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed\uff0cdead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
\u7b54\u6848\uff1aA.find\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u8bcd\u6216\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u8d77\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u88ab\u52a8\u3002
2) to + be \u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f5c\u8865\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(\u58f0\u79f0), discover, fancy(\u8bbe\u60f3), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(\u7406\u89e3), show, suppose, take(\u4ee5\u4e3a), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c64\u59c6\u662f\u73ed\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
\u7b54\u6848\uff1aA. \u7531consider to do sth. \u6392\u9664B\u3001D\u3002. \u6b64\u53e5\u53ea\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u540e\u7528\u539f\u5f62\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u800cC\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4e3a\u70b9\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u4e14\u6b64\u5904\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9009C\u3002
3) to be +\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean\u2026
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002
4) there be+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn\u2019t expect there to be so many people there.\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6599\u5230\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f \uff1a \u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u9700\u7528as \u77ed\u8bed\u505a\u8865\u8bed\uff0c\u5982regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. \u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c64\u59c6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002
Mary took him as her father . \u739b\u4e3d\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002
7.3 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed
1\uff09 It\u2019s easy (for me) to do that.\u6211\u505a\u8fd9\u4e8b\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It\u2019s so nice to hear your voice.
\u542c\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u771f\u9ad8\u5174\u3002
It\u2019s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
\u5f53\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u8f66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9501\u8f66\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002
2) It\u2019s very kind of you to help us. \u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u597d\u3002
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(\u8003\u8651\u5468\u5230\u7684), silly, selfish(\u81ea\u79c1\u7684)
\u4f8b\u53e5:
It was silly of us to believe him. \u6211\u4eec\u771f\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. \u4ed6\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u5f97\u592a\u81ea\u79c1\u4e86\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a1) \u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u5982\uff0clook\uff0cappear\u7b49\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u53e5\u578b
2) \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
3) \u5f53\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528It is\u2026 to\u2026\u7684\u53e5\u578b
(\u5bf9)To see is to believe. \u767e\u95fb\u4e0d\u5982\u4e00\u89c1\u3002
(\u9519)It is to believe to see.
7.4 It\u2019s for sb.\u548c It\u2019s of sb.
1\uff09for sb. \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible\u7b49\uff1a
It\u2019s very hard for him to study two languages. \u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u5b66\u4e24\u95e8\u5916\u8bed\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\u3002
2\uff09of sb\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u54c1\u5fb7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u60c5\u6216\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right\u3002
It\u2019s very nice of you to help me. \u4f60\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u771f\u662f\u592a\u597d\u4e86\u3002
for \u4e0eof \u7684\u8fa8\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u524d\u8fb9\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u9020\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u901a\u987a\u7528of\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\u5219\u7528for\u3002\u5982\uff1a
You are nice. (\u901a\u987a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528of)\u3002
He is hard. (\u4eba\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u7528for\u3002)
7.5 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed
\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u653e\u5728be\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8868\u8bed\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed
\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u653e\u5728\u88ab\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u8bcd\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed
1\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed
To\u2026 only to (\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86), in order to, so as to, so(such)\u2026 as to\u2026 (\u5982\u6b64\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u4fbf\u2026\u2026)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. \u4ed6\u98de\u5feb\u5730\u8dd1\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8d76\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u73ed\u8f66\u3002
I come here only to say good-bye to you. \u6211\u6765\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5411\u4f60\u544a\u522b\u3002
2\uff09\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u4e8b\u5148\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u540e\u9762\u3002
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) \u8868\u539f\u56e0
I\u2019m glad to see you.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8bb2\u89e3:
Huzhou No. 2 High School
1. \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed,\u4e0e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb,\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u72b6\u6001,\u65e2\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8,\u53c8\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u6210.
(1)_ The cup is broken. \u8336\u676f\u7834\u4e86.
2. \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed,\u4e0e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb,\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u72b6\u6001,\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210.
(2) He is retired. \u4ed6\u5df2\u9000\u4f11.
3. \u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u65f6,\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u88ab\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784.
(3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. \u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u4e09\u9762\u73af\u5c71.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b:\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u72b6\u6001,\u800c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5219\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. \u8336\u676f\u662f\u6628\u5929\u6211\u5c0f\u59b9\u6253\u788e\u7684.(\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001,\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c)
(2) The library is now closed. \u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5173\u95e8\u4e86.(\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed)
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u5b8c\u6210, -ing \u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6216\u8fdb\u884c.\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u5982 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten \u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5176\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u4eba,\u7528 -ing \u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u7269.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f88\u6709\u8da3,\u6211\u5bf9\u5b83\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed
\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd,\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd.\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed,\u65e2\u8868\u88ab\u52a8\u53c8\u8868\u5b8c\u6210;\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed,\u53ea\u8868\u5b8c\u6210.
1. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed,\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u7684,\u5e38\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9002\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u51b5.
2. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u65f6,\u4e00\u822c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e,\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5,\u4f46\u8f83\u4ece\u53e5\u7b80\u6d01,\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u4e2d.
The concert given by their friends was a success.\u4ed6\u4eec\u670b\u53cb\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4f1a\u5927\u4e3a\u6210\u529f.
3.\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed,\u524d\u540e\u5e38\u6709\u9017\u53f7.
(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u6b22\u8fce\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u5927\u4f1a,\u5230\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u4eba.
4. \u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4fee\u9970\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u7269,\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u867d\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u9970\u4eba,\u4f46\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4ecd\u4e0e\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u5173.
(2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. \u7537\u5b69\u5e26\u7740\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u4e3e\u76ee\u800c\u89c6.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed
1. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! \u56e0\u4e3a\u5199\u5f97\u5306\u5fd9,\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d.
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011written \u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed,\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u88ab\u5199\u7684,\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5199. \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f,\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u56e0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7cfb\u8868\u7ed3\u6784,\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6\u4e0d\u8868\u88ab\u52a8\u800c\u8868\u4e3b\u52a8.\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u53ca\u77ed\u8bed\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709: lost (\u8ff7\u8def); seated (\u5750); hidden (\u8eb2); stationed (\u9a7b\u624e); lost / absorbed in (\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e); born (\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e); dressed in (\u7a7f\u7740); tired of (\u538c\u70e6).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\u4e4b\u4e2d,\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6ca1\u542c\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3.
2. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed,\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4eba\u79f0\u4e00\u81f4.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
\u518d\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6,\u6211\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e3\u8fd9\u9053\u9898.(given \u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed,\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed I ,\u5373 I \u88ab\u518d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6.)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
\u4ece\u5c71\u9876\u770b\u57ce\u5e02,\u57ce\u5e02\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u6f02\u4eae.(seen \u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed,\u8868"\u88ab\u770b",\u7531\u8bed\u5883\u53ef\u77e5,\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u57ce\u5e02,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f"\u6211\u4eec",\u56e0\u4e3a"\u6211\u4eec"\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u770b\u57ce\u5e02.)
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6,\u524d\u9762\u518d\u52a0\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed,\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed,\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e26\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u683c\u7ed3\u6784.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. \u4fe1\u53f7\u4e00\u53d1\u51fa,\u6c7d\u8f66\u5c31\u5f00\u52a8\u4e86.(the signal \u662f given \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed,\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed the bus \u5c31\u4e0d\u662fgiven \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. \u5979\u628a\u5934\u6602\u5f97\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5730\u4ece\u8fd9\u513f\u8d70\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb.(her head \u662f held high \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed,\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed she \u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662fheld high \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed.)
3. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. \u56e0\u4e3a\u6dcb\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u96e8,\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5168\u8eab\u6e7f\u900f\u4e86. (caught in a heavy rain \u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed,\u5b83\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. \u5982\u679c\u79cd\u5728\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u91cc,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79cd\u5b50\u80fd\u957f\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb.( grown in rich soil \u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed,\u5b83\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6539\u6210\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4fdd\u7559\u8fde\u8bcd,\u6784\u6210"\u8fde\u8bcd+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. \u5f53\u4f60\u505a\u4f53\u683c\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u9547\u5b9a.
4. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e.\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u53ef\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u524d\u4f5c\u53e5\u9996\u72b6\u8bed,\u540e\u9762\u6709\u9017\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u9694\u5f00;\u4e5f\u53ef\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u540e\u9762,\u524d\u9762\u6709\u9017\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u9694\u5f00.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. \u4ed6\u9759\u9759\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u90a3\u91cc,\u88ab\u611f\u52a8\u5f97\u70ed\u6cea\u76c8\u7736.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed
(\u4e00)\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b:
1. \u8868\u793a\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd.\u5982:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think\u7b49.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. \u6211\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u5531\u8fc7\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c.(\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcdsung\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u663e\u7136\u5148\u4e8e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5cheard;)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. \u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5927.(\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcdchanged\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u663e\u7136\u5148\u4e8e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5cfound)
2. \u8868\u793a"\u81f4\u4f7f"\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd.\u5982:have, make, get, keep, leave\u7b49.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. \u660e\u5929\u6211\u8981\u7406\u53d1.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. \u4ed6\u6628\u5929\u628a\u7259\u62d4\u4e86.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. \u8981\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5b8c.
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u5bbe\u5173\u7cfb.
(\u4e8c)\u4f7f\u5f79\u52a8\u8bcdhave\u63a5\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5.
1. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210.
(1) He had his money stolen.\u4ed6\u7684\u94b1\u7ed9\u5077\u4e86.(\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u5077\u53bb\u4e86)
2. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7531\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6240\u7ecf\u5386.\u5982:
(2) He had his leg broken.\u4ed6\u7684\u817f\u65ad\u4e86. (\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u5386)
"with +\u5bbe\u8bed+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784
"with +\u5bbe\u8bed+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd with\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed.\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4,\u65b9\u5f0f,\u6761\u4ef6,\u539f\u56e0\u7b49\u72b6\u8bed.\u4f8b\u5982:
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. \u51f6\u624b\u88ab\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86,\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u624b\u88ab\u7ed1\u5728\u80cc\u540e.(\u8868\u65b9\u5f0f)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. \u6c34\u4e00\u88ab\u52a0\u70ed,\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14.(\u8868\u6761\u4ef6)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. \u4e8b\u60c5\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3,\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86.(\u8868\u539f\u56e0)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. \u5979\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u9762\u524d,\u773c\u775b\u6ce8\u89c6\u7740\u4ed6.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. \u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3e\u7740\u624b\u7ad9\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f.
1.\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd+ to do sth.\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09
\u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709want, fail, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, learn, expect\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
i want to buy a new book.
she hopes to be a teacher.
2.\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+ to do sth.\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff09
\u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6709feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, see, watch, notice, look at\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd910\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u611f\uff0c\u4e8c\u542c\uff0c\u4e09\u8ba9\uff0c\u56db\u770b\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
he made us work for a long time yesterday\uff0e
i saw li lei fall down from his bike\uff0e
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u96641et, have\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u7528\u5728\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u7684to\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30�storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du�ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making
B) to make
C) to have made
D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn't decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at
high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage,expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request,teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe,know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. (CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete
B) competing
C) to be competed
D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系，因此正确答案为A。特别注意的是在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不
定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can't help but...(不得不), had
rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】
You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.
I can't help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
动词的 -ing形式
作主语
动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
n Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
n Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
n It‘s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。
n It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。
n There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
作表语
动词 -ing可用来作表语。如：
n This food smells inviting.
n My favorite sport is swimming.
n Their job is cleaning the window.
作宾语
1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
n I warned her against driving fast.
n Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge， advise， appreciate， avoid， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape，
fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon，
practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist， understand等。
n The doctor advised taking more exercise.
n I suggest doing it in a different way.
3.大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：think of， give up， aim at， put off， insist on， persist in， be good at， do well in， can‘t help， keep on， leave
off， feel like， be tired （afraid， capable， fond） of， set about等。
以下为to作介词的短语有：be used to， object to， devote oneself to， stick to， respond to， look forward to， see to， submit to， adapt to， apply to， accede to， get to， prefer to， adjust to， owe to，
n Do you feel like having a drink？
n I prefer swimming to playing basketball.
4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很
大的差别。如：
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事
chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事
remember doing 记得曾做过某事
⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事
try doing 试一试做某事
⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
⑻mean to do 打算／想做某事
mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事
作宾语补语
l I found the parade quite interesting to watch.
这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中，后接宾语然后加上-ing分词，构成复合宾语结构，-ing分词充当宾补成分。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see， hear， feel， find， smell， watch， find， listen to， look at， notice， observe等。如：
n There we found him watching TV.
n I heard someone knocking at the door.
2.在有些动词（如：regard， describe， accept， think of， quote等）之后，可由as引出-ing分
词词组作宾补。如：
n They regarded the contract as being invalid. 他们认为合同无效。
n They described the child as being very clever. 他们描述这孩子非常聪明。
3.使役动词，如：set， keep， have， get， leave， catch等。如：
n Can you get my watch going again？你能使我的表再走起来吗？
n This sets me thinking. 这使我思考。
作状语
-ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Having cleaned the rooms， we began to weed the garden.（时间）
Coming into the room， she saw everybody already at their work.（时间）
Being ill， he couldn‘t go to school.（原因）
Working diligently， you will certainly succeed.（条件）
Granting the achievements to be great， there is still something to be desired.（让步）
（尽管）成绩是巨大的，（但）仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was caught in a traffic jam， thus causing the delay.（结果）
Traveling by train， we visited a number of cities.（方式）
Mary sat by the window of the classroom， reading a book.（伴随）
作定语
l a smiling face 笑脸
l a leading figure 领导人物
-ing分词还能构成合成词作定语，如：
l easy-going man 好说话的人
当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。
l She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
l = She went on board the train， which was leaving for Shanghai.
l There are two roads before us， one leading to the beach， the other to the park.
l = There are two roads before us， one which leads to the beach， the other to the park.
你可以这样去理解。动词不定式一般表示将要去做什么；而动词ING 则表示正在做什么。比如说：I have some clothes to wash.表示我有衣服要洗。
I am washing my clothes.表示我正在洗衣服。
但是也有例外，有些行为动词的ING可以表将来。
不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30�storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du�ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making
B) to make
C) to have made
D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn't decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at
high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage,expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request,teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe,know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. (CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete
B) competing
C) to be competed
D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系，因此正确答案为A。特别注意的是在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不
定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can't help but...(不得不), had
rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】
You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.
I can't help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
现在分词（Present Participle）
一.构成形式
doing （特殊的略） 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作
二.时态与语态
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done
所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式
三.可作成分
定语 状语 补语 表语
1.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
分词短语作定语时放在后 并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系 这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一
eg. a running boy
the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
eg. a boy who is running
a girl who is standing there
注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语
注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语 不用过去分词 这是考试的易错点
注意3：某些现在分词作定语时 已不再表示动作 已经从分词变为了形容词词性 eg.an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语 但是不能转化为相应的定语从句 但是可以有三级变化（原级 比较级 最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰
2.作补语
高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况 不研究作主补的情况
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at
2）使役动词：have get catch leave set
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补 只能是用于这些词后 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）
eg.I saw him singing now.
Don't have the students studying all day.
注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者
至于 现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可 无须深入
3.作表语
现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化 可被副词修饰
eg.The story is interesting.
The match is exciting.
注意 ：表动作的现在分词不能作表语 例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语） 关于句子成分的语法内容 有时间再为大家补充
4.作状语
作时间 条件 原因 让步状语事要位于句首 且与后面用逗号隔开 能转换为一个相应的状语从句
作结果 方式 伴随状语时要位于句尾 且与前面用逗号隔开 有时也可以不用
注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．〔这个是重点 是考试和高考的常考点 大家必须记住〕
个人经验状语从句是万能的 而分词作状语具有局限性 当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做
1）作时间状语
eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．
可以转化为一个时间状语从句 When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.
当我要表达正在进行的动作时 我们可以在分词前面加上when／while
那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略 但是不是时时成立的）
重新注意一下所给出的例子
Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时 其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）
但是有的同学问了 那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”那应该怎么做那？
可以用状语从句来做啊 因为从句是万能的啊
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.
在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法
He walking in the street,I saw him.
这是分词的独立主格形式 我们以下会介绍 在这里不需太理解．
2）作条件状语
eg. Working hard,you will succeed.
3）作原因状语
eg. Being ill,she stayed at home.
注意 being是常用来作原因状语的
4）作让步状语
eg. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.
5）作结果状语
eg. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,
6）作方式状语
eg. Please answer the question using another way.
7）作伴随状语
可以转化为一个并列句
eg. He is standing there,singing.
5.作独立成分
generally speaking一般来说 Judging from/by 由……判断出 〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕
6.现在分词的独立主格
这个语法点大家原来没有接触过 所以会感到生疏 那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容
独立主格，又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
在句中作状语 要注意它不是句子
其实我们曾经学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的 只不过它要比独立主格多个with．
在高中阶段 只须理解现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主格
个人理解其实分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语 只不过它不符合我们说的那条”分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”二字 那也就是说也有特殊的时候 就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致 也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语 那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．
eg. Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了 天变的越来越冷了
注意这句话 我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”
那么当我把winter去掉的时候，那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语 那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的 但是我们不妨翻译一下”当天气来的时候 天气变的越来越冷了．”显然句意不通 那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气），也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语 那么也就是winter 因为coming的动作是由winter发出的啊
注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时 如果后面的动词是vt 我们就用过去分词 如果是vi我们就用现在分词 其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语
如果是由身体部位自己本身发出的动作时就用现在分词 实在理解不了 就请同学们强记下来
eg.The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling．这个男孩躺在地上 眼睛闭着 手在发抖
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