英语中什么是从句? 英语中什么是定语从句?
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ece\u53e5\uff1f\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5373\u4fee\u9970\u6216\u9650\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5bf9\u8bcd\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5145\u3001\u4fee\u9970\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f7f\u539f\u53e5\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u88ab\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u8bcd\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u3002\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7531\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,作短语动词的宾语,介词的宾语。
宾语从句:及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Do you know where I can find her?
你知道在什么地方可以找到她?
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday?
你有没有决定到什么地方去度假?
宾语从句:短语动词
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。
The teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.
老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it.
那得看你怎么做的。
宾语从句:介词的宾语
I am curious as to what they are going to do next.
我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.
这对双胞胎姐妹的区别,仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing.
我对她做的事感兴趣。
宾语从句:介词的宾语
I am curious as to what they are going to do next.
我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.
这对双胞胎姐妹的区别,仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing.
我对她做的事感兴趣。
宾语从句:否定的转移
有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
= I suppose you aren't used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
<>
I don't imagine she will win the championship.
= I imagine she won't win the championship.
我认为她得不了冠军。
<>
I didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination.
I expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination.
我以为她不能通过入学考试。
<><><>
以下括号内的句子比较不自然,但是也是可能出现的。
I don't think we have got enough time.
(= I think we haven't got enough time.)
我觉得我们的时间不够。
<>
I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.
(= I believe she won't arrive before 8.)
我相信她8点之前不会到。
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物
其他从句多的很:主语从句、同位语从句、谓语从句等等,有你学的呢,好好努力吧
首先你要弄清什么是定语`表语`同位语`主语`宾语`
没有谓语从句
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点
各种从句:
I.
定语从句。
1)
先行词是名词。
2)
定语从句跟在名词后。是修饰名词的。
3)
与中文顺序相反。
4)
定语从句的组成是:连词+主+谓+宾。
5)
连词在从句里可以作主语、宾语、状语等。
6)
当先行词的名词表示人时,后面的连词用who+v/(whom)+s+v/whose+N+s+v.
当先行词的名词表示物时,后面的连词用which/that
,whose.
7)
连词前可以有介词。
8)
不许用what
1.
All
the
people
who
work
on
a
newspaper
must
be
able
to
work
fast.
2.
Corn
is
a
useful
plant
which
can
be
eaten
by
both
people
and
animals.
3.
I
have
a
friend
whose
cousin
is
a
tennis
player.
4.
The
boy
lived
in
a
part
of
town
where
there
were
no
schools.
5.
During
the
hurricane,
one
of
the
tree
branches
broke
the
bed
in
which
the
girl
had
been
sleeping.
II.
名词从句。起名词作用。=名词
1.
主语从句。
1)
在主语位置上。
2)
组成:连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3)
连词不可省
4)
不许用if
When
we’ll
go
to
school
is
still
a
question.
2.
宾语从句。
1)
在宾语位置上。在动词后。
2)
组成:(连词)+主语+谓语+宾语
3)连词可省
The
doctor
asked
the
patient
what
he
had
had
for
lunch.
3.
表语从句。
1)
在表语位置上。在系/be动词后。
2)
组成:连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3)连词不可省
4)不许用if
He
lost
his
key.
The
reason
is
that
he
was
too
careless.
4.
同位语从句。
1)
在名词后。说明名词的内容。
2)
组成:名词+[连词+主语+谓语+宾语]
3)连词不可省
4)
只用that,
when,
where,
why。不用which.
5)
只有一些词才用。请看Unit17.
The
news
that
our
team
won
the
game
made
us
happy.
III.
状语从句。连词+主语+谓语+宾语
1.
时间状语从句。
When
I
was
away,
my
son
looked
after
the
dog.
2.
地点状语从句。
Put
the
book
where
it
is.
3.
原因状语从句。
He
was
late,
because
he
didn’t
catch
the
bus.
4.
条件状语从句。
If
it’s
fine,
we’ll
go
to
the
park.
5.
让步状语从句。
Although
I’m
tired,
I’m
very
happy.
6.
目的状语从句。
We
got
up
early
so
that
we
could
get
there
on
time.
7.
结果状语从句.
I
was
so
frightened
that
I
couldn’t
say
a
word.
从句(Subordinate
Clause)是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who等关联词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。
简单地说,主句之外就是从句。
起单词作用的句子就是从句
起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句
起副词作用的从句叫状语从句
起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句
绛旓細)銆備緥濡傦細He is the man who I saw yesterday.I know the man who is sitting in the chair watching TV.鑻辫浠庡彞涓璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鐨褰㈠紡璺熶富璇湁鍏筹紝 璺熸椂鎬併佽鎬佹湁鍏炽備緥濡傦細He says that Mary enjoys jogging in the morning.The bridge which was built five years ago is 80 metres long.
绛旓細鍦鑻辫涓锛屼富瑕佹湁涓夊ぇ浠庡彞锛屽嵆鍚嶈瘝鎬т粠鍙ワ紙鍖呮嫭涓昏浠庡彞锛屽璇粠鍙ワ紝琛ㄨ浠庡彞锛屽悓浣嶈浠庡彞锛夈佸舰瀹硅瘝鎬т粠鍙ワ紙鍗冲畾璇粠鍙ワ級銆佸壇璇嶆т粠鍙ワ紙鍗崇姸璇粠鍙ワ紝鍖呮嫭鏃堕棿銆佹潯浠躲佺粨鏋溿佺洰鐨勩佸師鍥犮佽姝ャ佸湴鐐广佹柟寮忕瓑锛夈備富璇粠鍙ョ敤浣滀富璇紝濡傦細锛歍hat the earth is round is true锛 鍦扮悆涓哄渾鐨勬槸鐪熷疄鐨勩傚璇粠鍙...
绛旓細濡傛灉鎸浠庡彞鐨鍙ュ瓙鍔熻兘鍒掑垎(涔熷氨鏄寜浠庡彞鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑鎵鎷呬换鐨勬垚鍒嗘潵鍒掑垎),浠庡彞鍙垎涓:涓昏浠庡彞銆佸璇粠鍙ャ 琛ㄨ浠庡彞銆佸悓浣嶈浠庡彞銆佸畾璇粠鍙ュ拰鐘惰浠庡彞銆傚叾瀹,杩欎袱绉嶅垝鍒嗕粠鍙ョ殑鏂规硶鍦ㄩ昏緫涓婃槸涓鑷寸殑.鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾,鑳藉湪鍙ュ瓙閲鍏呭綋涓昏銆佸璇佽〃璇拰鍚屼綅璇殑寰寰鏄悕璇嶃佷唬璇嶇瓑,鎵浠ュ悕璇嶄粠鍙ユ兜鐩栦簡涓昏浠庡彞銆佸璇粠鍙ャ佽〃璇粠鍙...
绛旓細浠庡彞鐨璇濆氨鏄敤鏉ヤ慨楗颁富鍙ョ殑锛岄氬父鏄富鍙ョ殑涓閮ㄥ垎锛屽垪濡傚璇粠鍙ワ紝灏辨槸鐢变粠鍙ユ墠鍏呭綋涓诲彞鐨勫璇細 i love you锛堜富璋撳锛屾棤浠庡彞閮ㄥ垎锛塱 love one who is beautiful(鐢眞ho is beautiful鏉ヤ粠褰撲富鍙ョ殑瀹捐锛変粠鍙ヨ櫧鐒舵槸涓诲彞鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屼絾涔熷簲璇ユ湁瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愮粨鏋 ...
绛旓細浠庡彞鏄粠灞炰簬鏌愪竴涓富鍙ワ紝涓嶈兘鍗曠嫭浣滀竴涓彞瀛愩傛湁涓夌锛屽悕璇嶆т粠鍙ュ寘鎷富璇佸璇佽〃璇佸悓浣嶈浠庡彞褰㈠璇嶆т粠鍙ュ嵆瀹氳浠庡彞銆佸壇璇嶆т粠鍙ュ嵆鐘惰浠庡彞,鍖呮嫭鏃堕棿銆佹潯浠躲佺粨鏋溿佺洰鐨勩佸師鍥犮佽姝ャ佸湴鐐广佹柟寮忋
绛旓細whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.3锛夊紩瀵肩洰鐨勭姸璇浠庡彞鐨杩炶瘝鏈夛細so that,in order that,for fear that绛夛紝浠庡彞甯镐娇鐢╩ay,might,can,could,would绛夋儏鎬佸姩璇嶃傚锛歐e got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station....
绛旓細鑻辫涓鍙ュ瓙鍙互鍒嗕负绠鍗曞彞鍜屽鍚堝彞銆傛湁涓や釜鍙婁互涓婁富璋撶粨鏋勭殑鍙ュ瓙鍙鍚堝彞锛屽彞瀛愪腑浠绘剰鐨勪竴涓富璋撶粨鏋勭浉瀵逛簬鏁翠釜澶嶅悎鍙ョО涓哄垎鍙ャ傚厖褰撳悕璇嶃佸壇璇嶇瓑浣滅敤鐨勫垎鍙ョО浣滃悕璇浠庡彞銆佺姸璇粠鍙ョ瓑銆
绛旓細瀹捐鏄姩浣溿佽涓虹殑瀵硅薄锛屾槸鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬壙鍙楄呫傚璇敱鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃佷笉瀹氬紡鎴栫浉褰撲簬鍚嶈瘝鐨勮瘝銆佺煭璇潵鎷呬换銆傚綋鐒,涔熷彲浠ョ敱涓涓彞瀛愭潵鍏呭綋,绉颁箣涓哄璇浠庡彞,鎵浠ヤ竴涓彞瀛愪腑涓嶄竴瀹氬彧鏈変竴涓璇.鑻辫鐨鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鍚庡繀椤绘湁瀹捐銆傚璇竴鑸斁鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝涔嬪悗锛屽畠鍜屽強鐗╁姩璇嶄竴璧疯鏄庝富璇仛浠涔銆傝鏄庯紝闄ゅ強鐗╁姩璇嶆湁瀹捐涔嬪...
绛旓細浠庡彞锛氫笉瑷鑰屽柣灏辨槸浠庡睘鐨勫彞瀛愶紝鍗充粠灞炰簬涓诲彞鐨勫彞瀛愩傛墍浠ュ畠浠槸瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愶紝鏈夎鏈夌殑涓昏皳瀹剧瓑鎴愪唤 鑻辫涓鏈夊畾璇粠鍙ョ姸璇粠鍙ョ瓑涓嶄竴鑰岃冻锛岃繖浜涘悕绉版槸鎹叾鍦ㄤ富鍙ヤ腑鎵鍋氭垚浠借屽畾銆傚锛氬仛鐘惰灏卞彨鐘惰浠庡彞銆備互姝ょ被鎺ㄣ
绛旓細鍦鑻辫涓 绠鍗曠殑璇:褰撲竴涓彞瀛愬厖褰撳彞涓殑鎴愬垎鏃,灏卞彨鍋氳鎴愬垎鐨浠庡彞.姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛涓昏,閭d箞灏卞彨涓昏浠庡彞;姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛瀹捐,閭d箞灏卞彨瀹捐浠庡彞;姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛瀹氳,閭d箞灏卞彨瀹氳浠庡彞;姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛鐘惰,閭d箞灏卞彨鐘惰浠庡彞;姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛琛ㄨ,閭d箞灏卞彨琛ㄨ浠庡彞;姣斿涓涓彞瀛愬仛鍚屼綅璇,閭d箞灏卞彨鍚屼綅璇粠鍙 鍙ュ瓙鎴愬垎(...