什么是过去分词做定语（多点句子和及解析） 过去分词做定语用法及例句
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\uff08\u591a\u70b9\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u53ca\u89e3\u6790\uff091.\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\u65f6,\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u77ed\u8bed\u540e\u7f6e\u3002\u8868\u4e3b\u52a8\u3002
The
(flying
)kites
are
high
in
the
sky.
The
boy
(sitting
by
the
window
)is
Tom.
2\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u77ed\u8bed\u540e\u7f6e\u3002\u8868\u88ab\u52a8\u3002
The
(damaged
)bike
was
sent
to
the
repairman.
The
boy
(named
Tom
)was
hurt
in
the
car
accident.
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56de\u7b54\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u548c\u8bed\u6001\u8fd8\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e
\u5b9a\u8bed\u6709\u524d\u7f6e\u590d\u5b9a\u8bed\u548c\u540e\u7f6e\u5b9a\u8bed\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u8bed\u591a\u662f\u5236\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u540e\u7f6e\u5b9a\u8bed\u591a\u662f\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3001\u526f\u767e\u8bcd\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5b9a\u8bed\u3001\u5206\u8bcd\u6216\u5206\u5ea6\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7b49\u6765\u5145\u5f53\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aThe girl playing the piano is his sister\u3002
\u5f39\u94a2\u7434\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\u662f\u77e5\u4ed6\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\u3002\uff08\u5206\u8bed\u77ed\u8bed\u9053\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff09
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd(past participle)\u662f\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a0-ed\u6784\u6210(\u89c4\u5219\u89c1\u540e)\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u89c1\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u8868\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1a\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5219\uff1a
(1)\u4e00\u822c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u201c-ed \u201d\u3002\uff08\u7136\u800c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff09
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\u7684\u201ce\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0\u201cd \u201d\u3002
live---lived---lived
(3)\u4ee5\u201c\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd + y \u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06 "y" \u53d8\u4e3a "i" \uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u201c-ed\u201d\u3002
study\u2014studied\u2014studied,cry\u2014cried\u2014cried,try\u2014tried\u2014tried,fry\u2014fried\u2014fried.
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:
You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓。
少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:
They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了。
注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:
A. The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了。
B. The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门。
说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。
分词详解：过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 9.1 分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii. 润色不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
范例例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，利用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词情势，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以了解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
9.2 分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照应，那些树会长得更好。
范例例题
1） _____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by （被…追随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声追随着光，声音为追随的发出者，为主动 。用现在分词。
3） _______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动 ，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，要害看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在应用的历程中， 我创造这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更明确，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语雷同。
9.4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我发信我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表现主动 ，正在进行
过去分词： 表现被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲惫。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
其结构 是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严峻的说
judging from 从…确定
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他必然是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
9.7 分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息 ，他兴奋得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就创造那男孩逝世了。
范例例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案 B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时产生，且与主语为主动关系，利用现在分词。
2）先于主动 词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里溜达时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动 词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
范例例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考核分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意确定 ，分词的动作（接信）产生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可了解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表现主动 ，过去分词表现被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表现动作已经产生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多处所的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
1.现在分词做定语时,位置不定，如果是一个现在分词，前置，如果是短语后置。表主动。
The (flying )kites are high in the sky.
The boy (sitting by the window )is Tom.
2。过去分词作定语和现在分词相同，如果是一个过去分词，前置，如果是短语后置。表被动。
The (damaged )bike was sent to the repairman.
The boy (named Tom )was hurt in the car accident.
以上回答只是最基本的用法，不定式和现在分词的时态和语态还有变化，不再展开，希望对你有帮
绛旓細鍏充簬鏄ㄥぉ鍙戠敓鐨勪簨鏁呬綘鐭ラ亾浜浠涔鍚楋紵4锛杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣瀹氳涓庢墍淇グ璇嶄箣闂村瓨鍦ㄤ袱绉嶆剰涔夊叧绯伙細涓鏄強鐗╁姩璇嶈〃琚姩鎰忎箟(鎴栧凡瀹屾垚鐨勮鍔ㄥ姩浣)锛涗簩鏄笉鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝琛ㄧず瀹屾垚鎰忎箟銆(1)琛ㄧず琚姩鍜屽畬鎴 the broken glass鎵撶浜嗙殑鏉瓙 (2)鍙〃绀哄畬鎴愪笉琛ㄧず琚姩 fallen leaves钀藉彾 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇殑鐢ㄦ硶锛氱幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶锛...
绛旓細1) I like the food cooked by my father 鎴戝枩娆㈢埜鐖稿仛鐨勯キ Cooked 鍦ㄨ繖涓鍙ュ瓙涓氨鏄繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔鍚庣疆瀹氳,杩欎釜鍙ュ瓙鍙敼鎴愪竴涓惈鏈夊畾璇粠鍙ョ殑澶嶅悎鍙.濡傦細I liked the food which was cooked by my father.2) Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system ...
绛旓細杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鐢ㄦ硶閫忚 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝涓鑸〃绀哄畬鎴愮殑鍜岃鍔ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔锛屽湪鍙ュ瓙涓彲浠鐢ㄤ綔瀹氳銆佽〃璇佸璇拰鐘惰锛屼絾涓嶈兘鍗曠嫭鏋勬垚璋撹锛屽湪鍘嗗眾楂樿冭瘯棰樹腑锛岃繃鍘诲垎璇嶉兘鏄冩煡鐨勯噸鐐癸紝鐜扮粨鍚堝巻灞婇珮鑰冭瘯棰橈紝瀵瑰叾鐢ㄦ硶浣滀竴绠瑕佸垎鏋愩備竴銆 浣滃畾璇 鍗曚釜鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳涓鑸斁鍦ㄥ悕璇嶇殑鍓嶉潰锛屽鏋鏄繃鍘诲垎璇鐭锛岃鏀惧湪鍚嶈瘝鐨...
绛旓細锛1锛夌幇鍦鍒嗚瘝鍋瀹 琛ㄧ幇褰㈠紡锛氬悕璇+ v-ing 鎴栬 v-ing + 鍚嶈瘝 鐗圭偣锛氭棦鍙互鏀惧湪琚慨楗板悕璇嶇殑鍓嶉潰涔熷彲浠ユ斁鍦ㄨ淇グ鍚嶈瘝鐨勫悗銆備綔鐢細琛ㄧず琚慨楗板悕璇嶆鍦ㄨ繘琛岀殑鍔ㄤ綔锛涜〃绀鸿淇グ鍚嶈瘝鐨勭壒寰併傦紙2锛杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣瀹氳 琛ㄧ幇褰㈠紡锛氬悕璇+ v-ed 鎴栬 v-ed + 鍚嶈瘝 鐗圭偣锛氭棦鍙互鏀惧湪琚慨楗板悕璇嶇殑鍓嶉潰涔熷彲浠ユ斁鍦...
绛旓細There is noting changed here since I left this town.鑷粠鎴戠寮杩欎釜鍩庨晣浠ユ潵锛屽嚑涔庢病鏈浠涔鍙樺寲銆4. 鍗曚釜杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鍓嶅姞涓鍚嶈瘝鎴栧壇璇嶏紝甯哥敤杩炲瓧绗﹀皢瀹冧滑杩炴帴璧锋潵鏋勬垚涓涓鍚堝舰瀹硅瘝锛屾斁鍦ㄥ叾淇グ鐨勫悕璇嶅墠锛屼綔鍓嶇疆瀹氳銆傚垎璇嶅墠鍔犵殑鍚嶈瘝琛ㄧず鍒嗚瘝鐨勫姩浣滄垨琛屼负涓讳綋锛屾墍鍔犵殑鍓瘝琛ㄧず鏂瑰紡銆佹椂闂淬佺▼搴︺佹ц川绛...
绛旓細1锛岀幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶄綔瀹氳锛岃〃绀轰富鍔ㄥ拰杩涜锛歛 moving story (涓涓姩浜虹殑鏁呬簨)锛屾晠浜嬫劅鍔ㄤ汉锛屼富鍔紱a moving car(涓杈嗗紑鍔ㄧ潃鐨勬苯杞)锛岃繘琛屻2锛杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇紝琛ㄧず琚姩鍜屽畬鎴愶細锛堝崟涓瘝浣滃畾璇墠缃紝璇嶇粍浣滃畾璇悗缃級a moved boy(涓浣嶅彈鎰熷姩鐨勭敺瀛)锛岃鍔紱a finished job(涓椤瑰畬鎴愮殑宸ヤ綔)锛屽畬鎴愩俛 job ...
绛旓細a developing country 鍙戝睍涓浗瀹 锛堝叿鏈夋鍦ㄥ彂灞曠壒寰佺殑鍥藉锛= a country is developing锛夎〃璇斺擳he film is very moving 杩欓儴鐢靛奖寰堝姩浜恒 锛堢數褰卞叿鏈夊姩浜虹殑鐗瑰緛锛塗he story is interesting 杩欐晠浜嬪緢鏈夎叮鍛炽傦紙鏁呬簨鍏锋湁鏈夎叮鐨勭壒寰侊級浜屻杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鎬绘槸琛ㄧず琚慨楗拌瘝锛堜綔瀹氳锛夋垨涓昏鎵澶勭殑鐘舵侊紙鍋...
绛旓細1.璇硶浣滅敤涓嶅悓 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇椂锛屽垎璇嶇浉褰撲簬涓涓舰瀹硅瘝锛鏄畾璇鐨勪竴绉嶅舰寮 琚姩璇佹槸璋撹鐨勪竴绉嶅舰寮 2.琛ㄨ揪鐨勬剰涔夌浉鍚岋紝閮芥槸琛ㄧず琚姩 3.鍙互鎶婅繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳鐪嬫垚鏄畾璇粠鍙ョ渷鐣ヤ簡涓昏鍜岀郴璇 渚嬪锛歍he tasty锛堢編鍛筹級 fruit doesn't come from a seed锛堢瀛愶級but from a root锛堟牴锛塤__(plan...
绛旓細(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 杩欐湰涔﹀緢鏈夎叮锛屾垜瀵瑰畠寰堟劅鍏磋叮銆傝繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳 浣滃畾璇敤鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶇浉褰撲簬褰㈠璇嶏紝鍏堕昏緫涓昏灏辨槸瀹冩墍淇グ鐨勫悕璇嶃傚強鐗╁姩璇嶇殑杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇紝鏃㈣〃琚姩鍙堣〃瀹屾垚锛涗笉鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳锛屽彧琛ㄥ畬鎴愩1. 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鐢ㄤ綔瀹氳锛屽鏋滄槸...
绛旓細杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇 浠涔堟槸瀹氳锛熺敤鏉ヤ慨楗板悕璇嶏紙浠ｈ瘝锛夌殑鍝佽川涓庣壒寰佺殑璇嶆垨璇嶇粍銆傚彲浠鐢ㄤ綔瀹氳鐨勬湁褰㈠璇嶏紝鍚嶈瘝锛屼笉瀹氬紡锛屽垎璇嶏紝浠嬭瘝鐭锛鍙ュ瓙绛 銆備綅缃竴鑸潵璇 1.鍗曚釜鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳锛岄氬父鍓嶇疆锛屾斁鍦ㄨ淇グ 鐨勫悕璇嶄箣鍓嶃備絾鏄紝鑻ヤ慨楗颁笉瀹氫唬璇嶏紙something,anything, nobody, everything绛夛級鎴栨寚绀轰唬璇 锛...
