不定式和动名词做主语的区别 动词不定式做主语和动名词做主语的区别
\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9
1.\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u548c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6,\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u8861,\u5e38\u7528it\u6765\u505a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed,
2.\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f,\u8868\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f;\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u4e86\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd,\u8868\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd,\u8fd9\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027,
\u4e8c\u3001\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9
1.\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c;\u800c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u5219\u7528\u6765\u6cdb\u6307\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5
2.\u5728\u201cThere/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\u5e38\u7528\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed,\u800c\u5c11\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f,
\u2605\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86for\u6216of\u5f15\u51fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6,\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f,
3.\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548cwhen,where,how,what,whether\u7b49\u8fde\u7528,\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed,\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u8868\u8bed,\u800c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd
\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a
(1) \u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u62bd\u8c61\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8868\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
Smoking is prohibited here\uff0e\u8fd9\u91cc\u7981\u6b62\u62bd\u70df\u3002(\u62bd\u8c61)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much\uff0e\u4f60\u62bd\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u70df\u5bf9\u4f60\u8eab\u4f53\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u3002(\u5177\u4f53)
(2) \u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4ef6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4ef6\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u3002
Climbing mountains is interesting\uff0e\u722c\u5c71\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002(\u7ecf\u9a8c)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring\uff0e\u5728\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u523b\u5f00\u8f66\u4ee4\u4eba\u538c\u70e6\u3002(\u7ecf\u9a8c)
To finish the task will take a long time. \u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09
(3) \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528it\u5f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u628a\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u540e\u7f6e\u3002
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
\uff084\uff09\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u6b21\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
Collecting information about children's health is his job. \u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u513f\u7ae5\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
It\u2019s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. \u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u6709\uff1a
\uff081\uff09It\u2019s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
\uff082\uff09It\u2019s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
\u5e38\u7528\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u6709\uff1a
It\u2019s no good (use, fun) doing.
It\u2019s (a) waste of time one\u2019s doing.
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e26\u8bcd\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u6307\u793a\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e0d\u88ab\u8bcd\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\u6240\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002
\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u53d7\u65f6\u6001\u3001\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ea6\u6709\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3001\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u8bed\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3002
\u5728\u5916\u8bed\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u8bcd\u5178\u7528\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8bcd\u5178\u4e2d\u8be5\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5934\u3002
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u77ed\u8bed\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7531\u4f7f\u52a8\u8005(\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005)\u53d1\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f7f\u52a8\u8005(\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005)\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a
(1)\u628a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002\u5982\uff1a
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u5230\u90a3\u513f\u5c06\u82b1\u8d39\u6211\u4eec\u534a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002
To make up for lost time is not possible.\u8981\u5f25\u8865\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
To lean out of the window is dangerous.\u8eab\u5b50\u63a2\u51fa\u7a97\u5916\u5f88\u5371\u9669\u3002
To save money now seems impossible.\u73b0\u5728\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u94b1\u3002
(2)\u7528it\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u628a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u540e\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5217\u53e5\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
\u2460It+is+\u540d\u8bcd+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.\u7167\u987e\u8001\u4eba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
It is an offence to drop litter in the street.\u5728\u9a6c\u8def\u4e0a\u4e71\u4e22\u5e9f\u7269\u662f\u8fdd\u7ae0\u7684\u3002
\u2461It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?\u4f60\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f
\u2462It+be+\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4f5c\u6587\u3002
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.\u4f60\u628a\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5f88\u611a\u8822\u7684\u3002
\u2463It seems(appears)+\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
\u5728\u53e5\u578b\u2462\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary \u7b49\uff1b\u5728\u53e5\u578b\u2463\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise\u7b49 \u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u626c\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u7684sb\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u5f0f\u6709\u65f6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eSb is+\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+to do\u53e5\u5f0f \uff0c\u5982\uff1aIt's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
\u2464It + \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4f4d\u4e8ebelieve/consider/discover/expect/find/think\u548cwonder\u4e4b\u540e
He thought it would be safer to go by train.\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b89\u5168\u3002
He will find it is hard to make friends.\u4ed6\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u56f0\u96be\u3002
\u2465\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.\u4e24\u6b21\u72af\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u539f\u8c05\u7684\u3002
It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.\u7231\u8fc7\u800c\u540e\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7231\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ece\u672a\u7231\u8fc7\u8981\u597d\u3002
(3)\u4e3e\u4f8b
\uff081\uff09 It's easy (for me) to do that.\u6211\u505a\u8fd9\u4e8b\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86
easy,\u3000difficult,\u3000hard,\u3000important,\u3000possible,\u3000impossible,\u3000comfortable,\u3000necessary,\u3000better;
the first,\u3000the next,\u3000the last,\u3000the best,\u3000too much,\u3000too little,\u3000not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.\u542c\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u771f\u9ad8\u5174\u3002
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.\u5f53\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u8f66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9501\u8f66\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002
\uff082\uff09 It's very kind of him to help us.\u3000\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u597d\u3002
Kind,\u3000nice,\u3000stupid,\u3000rude,\u3000clever,\u3000foolish,\u3000thoughtful,\u3000thoughtless,\u3000brave,\u3000considerate(\u8003\u8651\u5468\u5230\u7684),\u3000silly,\u3000selfish(\u81ea\u79c1\u7684)
\u4f8b\u53e5:
It was silly of us to believe him.\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.\u3000\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u5f97\u592a\u81ea\u79c1\u4e86\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\uff081\uff09 \u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u5982\uff0clook\uff0cappear\u7b49\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u53e5\u578b
\uff082\uff09 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\uff083\uff09 \u5f53\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528It is\u2026 to\u2026\u7684\u53e5\u578b
(\u5bf9)To see is to believe.\u3000\u773c\u89c1\u4e3a\u5b9e\u3002
(\u9519)It is to believe to see.
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
一、概念不同
1、一般来说，动名词表示一贯的动作或抽象的概念或泛指某个已过去的动作，时间概念不强或不明显；
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．
这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
2、而不定式往往是具体的或特定的动作或指现在或将来的某个未完成的动作。
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
二、口语用法不同
1、口语中，陈述句多用不定式作主语。
2、疑问句却总是用动名词作主语。
Is doing morning exercises good for your health?
做早操对你身体有好处吗？
扩展资料
一、通常只用不定式作主语的5种情况：
1、It is necessary/important /impossible/ difficult…(for sb. ) to do sth. 句型
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language.
我们有必要掌握一门外语。
2、It is kind /foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly…(of sb. ) to do sth. 句型，形容词常修饰人的特征
It is very kind of you to help us.
你帮助我们真是太好了。
3、It takes/cost/require/make sb./sth. to do sth. 句型
It took me two hours to finish the work.
我完成那项工作用了两小时。
4、不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用在句子中做主语
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
是否去做还没有决定。
5、主语被否定时
Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions.
绝望是最糟糕的事
二、通常只用动名词用主语的6种情况：
1、含形容词的句子，It is good/foolish/wonderful/ useless/ difficult / nice doing句型中
It is useless try again.
再试也没用。
2、含名词的句子，It is no fun/luck/pleasure/relief/mistake/pain/use/good句型中
It is no use waiting here doing nothing.
无所事事地等待是没有用的。
3、There is no (use/help/need) doing sth句型
There is no knowing what may happen in that case.
如果那样的话不知道会发生什么事。
4、在疑问句中
Is doing morning exercises good for your health?
做早操对身体有益处吗？
5、在某些动词的被动式前
Walking on the grass is forbidden.
禁止在这草地上行走。
(1)表示的动作不同：
动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
例：Smoking is prohibited here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)含义不同：
动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。（具体）
(3) 表达方式不同：
不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。动名词会直接使用。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
扩展资料：
其他语种动词不定式做主语：
1.德语动词不定式作主语:
部分德语不定式可用作主语，如anfangen, aufhören, beginnen, andenken, glauben, hoffen, meinen, vergessen, versuchen.
例句：Sie meint, sie hat immer recht -> Sie meint, immer recht zu haben- 他认为他总是对的。
2.荷兰语动词不定式做主语:
在荷兰语中，不定式也以-en结尾。在动词前使用te，用法与英语to相似。
如Het is niet moeilijk te begrijpen. -这不难理解。
3.北日耳曼语（斯堪的纳维亚语支）动词不定式做主语:
北日耳曼语动词-n结尾的特征至少在公元前500年就以丢失，-a取而代之。现在的丹麦语和部分挪威语方言以-e作为结尾，东部挪威语多数方言和个别西瑞典语方言则少见-e，多数为-a。北日耳曼语通常没有类似英语to的词。
区别一：词义
不定式表示“暂时性；一次性；具体性”。
动名词表示“习惯性；永恒性；抽象性”。
区别二：指示对象
表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。
如：Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。
Swimming in this river is a great pleasure. 在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。如：
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。
区别三：口语用法
口语中，陈述句多用不定式作主语，而疑问句却总是用动名词作主语。如：
Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对你身体有好处吗？
下列句子中通常要用动名词：
It’s no good/use talking to him. 找他谈是没有用的。
It’s useless discussing the matter. 讨论此事无益。
There is no stopping him. 无法阻止他。
No parking! 禁止停车！
下列句中通常要用不定式：
It took us two hours to get there. 去那里我们花了两个小时。
It’s foolish of him to do so. 他这样做是愚蠢的。
It is necessary for us to learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。
还有一点要补充一下：
动名词作主语并不是表示某动作正在进行，而是表示经常性或习惯性的行为；不定式的进行时作主语才表示具体的某一动作正在进行。
比较：
It's nice having friends to chat to. 有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。（经常性、一般性或习惯性的行为）
It's nice to be talking with you here. 在这里跟你交谈是非常愉快的。（一次具体的正在进行的行为）
区别四
当不定式也表示泛指，抽象动作行为时，可以和动名词互换使用。
To learn how to swim in the river is very necessary.
=Learning how to swim in the river is very necessary.
学习怎样在河里游泳很重要。
扩展资料
动词不定式在其他语言中的应用
德语动词不定式
在德语中，动词不定式常以-en结尾，如sagen，-en前的部分为动词词干(sag-),但也有少部分以-ern、-n或eln结尾。动词前的zu的用法与英语类似。
作名词
在德语中，动词不定式可以直接用作名词，如das Essen指食物（做名词时，首字母同普通名词一样需要大写）。
作主语
部分德语不定式可用作主语，如anfangen, aufhören, beginnen, andenken, glauben, hoffen, meinen, vergessen, versuchen.
例句：Sie meint, sie hat immer recht -> Sie meint, immer recht zu haben- 他认为他总是对的。
荷兰语动词不定式
在荷兰语中，不定式也以-en结尾。在动词前使用te，用法与英语to相似。
如Het is niet moeilijk te begrijpen. -这不难理解。
北日耳曼语（斯堪的纳维亚语支）动词不定式
北日耳曼语动词-n结尾的特征至少在公元前500年就以丢失，-a取而代之。现在的丹麦语和部分挪威语方言以-e作为结尾，东部挪威语多数方言和个别西瑞典语方言则少见-e，多数为-a。
北日耳曼语通常没有类似英语to的词。
参考资料来源：百度百科.动词不定式
不定式和动名词作主语的主要区别有三方面
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体，It是形式主语代表for you to smoke so much)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力（这项计划未完成）
(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
不定式（to do形式）和动名词（动词ing形式）做主语的区别
绛旓細涓嶅畾寮忔槸鎸囦竴娆″叿浣 鍔ㄥ悕璇鏄寚鍙嶅鎶借薄 涓嶅畾寮忎綔涓昏閫氬父琛ㄧず涓娆℃с佹湭鏉ョ殑涓斿叿浣撶殑鐗规寚鍔ㄤ綔銆傝屽姩鍚嶈瘝浣滀富璇氬父琛ㄧず涔犳儻鎬с佺粡甯告у拰涓嶅叿浣撶殑娉涙寚鍔ㄤ綔銆傚姩鍚嶈瘝浣涓昏鍜屼笉瀹氬紡浣滀富璇湁鏃跺彲浠ヤ簰鎹,渚嬪:It is dangerous playing (to play) with fire.Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.
绛旓細涓銆佸姩鍚嶈瘝鍜涓嶅畾寮忓仛涓昏鐨鐩稿悓鐐 1.涓嶅畾寮忕煭璇鍜屽姩鍚嶈瘝鍋氫富璇鏃,甯稿父涓轰簡淇濇寔鍙ュ瓙鐨勫钩琛,甯哥敤it鏉ュ仛褰㈠紡涓昏,2.濡傛灉涓昏鐢ㄤ簡涓嶅畾寮,琛ㄨ鍜屽璇篃瑕佺敤涓嶅畾寮;涓昏鐢ㄤ簡鍔ㄥ悕璇,琛ㄨ鍜屽璇篃瑕佺敤鍔ㄥ悕璇,杩欏湪鑻辫涓О涓哄绉版,浜屻佸姩鍚嶈瘝鍜屼笉瀹氬紡鍋氫富璇殑涓嶅悓鐐 1.鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶅畾寮忓仛涓昏甯歌〃绀哄叿浣撶殑鏌愪竴鍔ㄤ綔...
绛旓細涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇浣涓昏鐨勫尯鍒锛氫笉瀹氬紡琛ㄧず鍏蜂綋鎴栦竴娆℃х殑鍔ㄤ綔锛屼篃鍙〃绀哄皢鏉ョ殑鍔ㄤ綔銆傚姩鍚嶈瘝琛ㄧず缁忓父鎴栨硾鎸囩殑鍔ㄤ綔銆傚锛歍o move this heavy box is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. / Swimming is good exercise.甯屾湜鎴戠殑鍥炵瓟鑳藉甯埌浣狅紝涓嶆噦鐨勫啀闂紒绁濅綘瀛︿範杩涙锛屽ぉ澶╁揩涔愩
绛旓細涓嶅畾寮浣滀富璇鍔ㄥ悕璇浣涓昏鐨勫尯鍒涓猴細鎸囦唬涓嶅悓銆佺敤娉曚笉鍚屻佷晶閲嶇偣涓嶅悓銆備竴銆佹寚浠ｄ笉鍚 1銆佷笉瀹氬紡浣滀富璇細閫氬父鍚庣疆锛岀敤it浣滃舰寮忎富璇2銆佸姩鍚嶈瘝浣滀富璇細閫氬父鍓嶇疆锛岃〃绀哄凡鐭ョ殑浜嬨備簩銆佺敤娉曚笉鍚 1銆佷笉瀹氬紡浣滀富璇細鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶅畾寮忎綔涓昏鏃讹紝鍙ュ瓙鐨勮皳璇姩璇嶅父鐢ㄥ崟鏁帮紝涓嶅畾寮忕殑瀹屾垚寮忎篃鍙綔鍙ュ瓙鐨勪富璇紝褰撲笉瀹氬紡浣...
绛旓細鍔ㄥ悕璇浣滀富璇椂锛岄氬父鐢ㄤ互琛ㄧず涓浠跺凡鐭ョ殑浜嬫垨缁忛獙銆涓嶅畾寮忓仛涓昏锛屼竴鑸敤it褰撳舰寮忎富璇紝鎶婁綔涓昏鐨勪笉瀹氬紡鐭鍚庣疆銆傚姩璇峣ng 褰㈠紡鍜屼笉瀹氬紡浣滀富璇紝閮芥槸璇存槑涓涓唴瀹广備絾鏄紝涓嶅畾寮忛氬父琛ㄧず涓涓皢鏉ョ殑銆佸叿浣撶殑鍐呭锛涜屽姩璇峣ng 褰㈠紡锛堝姩鍚嶈瘝锛夛紝鍒欒〃绀轰竴绉嶇粡甯告х殑銆佷範鎯殑鎴栨娊璞＄殑鎰熷康銆備緥濡傦細To look ...
绛旓細-ing 琛ㄤ富鍔紝琛ㄨ繘琛屻傚姩璇涓嶅畾寮忎笌鍔ㄥ悕璇嶇殑涓浜涚敤娉曪細锛変笉瀹氬紡涓庡姩鍚嶈瘝閮藉彲浠ュ湪鍙ヤ腑浣涓昏銆佸璇佽〃璇拰瀹氳,浣嗙敤娉曚笉灏界浉鍚屻1锛庝綔涓昏 涓鑸儏鍐典笅,涓嶅畾寮忎笌鍔ㄥ悕璇嶄綔涓昏鍙互浜掓崲,涔熷父甯稿彲浠ョ敤it鍏呭綋褰㈠紡涓昏,鑰屾妸涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇鏀惧湪鍙ュ瓙鐨勫悗鍗婇儴鍒嗐備絾浜岃呬篃鏈鍖哄埆,涓嶅畾寮忓父甯告寚鏌愭鍏蜂綋鐨勩佸皢瑕佸彂鐢...
绛旓細It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)锛媡o do sth 2. 鍔ㄥ悕璇嶅仛涓昏锛岃皳璇姩璇嶄负鍗曟暟 Doing lots of exercise is good for health.Saving money is a good habit.3. 涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇浣涓昏鐨勫尯鍒:涓鑸儏鍐典笅,涓嶅畾寮忎笌鍔ㄥ悕璇浣滀富璇彲浠ヤ簰鎹,涔熷父甯...
绛旓細3銆佸垎璇嶏細鍏锋湁鍔ㄨ瘝鍙婂舰瀹硅瘝浜岃呯壒寰佺殑璇嶏紝琛ㄧず鈥滀富鍔ㄥ拰杩涜鈥濄備簩銆佺敤娉曚笉鍚 1銆佷笉瀹氬紡锛氬鏋滃姩璇涓嶅畾寮忕殑閫昏緫涓昏鏄繖涓笉瀹氬紡鎵琛ㄧず鐨勫姩浣滅殑鎵垮彈鑰咃紝涓嶅畾寮忎竴鑸鐢ㄨ鍔ㄨ鎬佸舰寮忋傚姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡浣滀富璇椂锛屽彞瀛愮殑璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝甯哥敤鍗曟暟銆2銆佸姩鍚嶈瘝锛鍔ㄥ悕璇嶅仛涓昏鏃讹紝璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涓哄崟鏁帮紝 鍦ㄥ姩鍚嶈瘝鍜屼笉瀹氬紡涓紝浣滀负浠嬭瘝...
绛旓細鐢╯taying 锛宖eel like鍚庨潰鍙兘鎺ng褰㈠紡锛屼笉鎺ヤ笉瀹氬紡鐨 涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇嶅仛涓昏鐨勫尯鍒:涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇嶉兘鍙湪鍙ュ瓙涓綔涓昏锛屼竴鑸鏉,鏈変笅闈㈠嚑鐐归』缁欎簣娉ㄦ剰锛(1)涓嶅畾寮忎竴鑸〃绀哄叿浣撶殑銆佺壒瀹氱殑琛屼负锛涜-ing鍒嗚瘝涓鑸〃绀烘娊璞＄殑銆佷竴鑸殑琛屼负銆傚锛歍o complete the program needs much effort.瀹屾垚杩欓」璁″垝闇瑕...
绛旓細涓嶅畾寮忓拰鍔ㄥ悕璇閮藉彲鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑浣涓昏锛屼竴鑸鏉, 鏈変笅闈㈠嚑鐐归』缁欎簣娉ㄦ剰锛(1) 涓嶅畾寮忎竴鑸〃绀哄叿浣撶殑銆佺壒瀹氱殑琛屼负锛涜-ing鍒嗚瘝涓鑸〃绀烘娊璞＄殑銆佷竴鑸殑琛屼负銆傚锛歍o complete the program needs much effort. 瀹屾垚杩欓」璁″垝闇瑕佸緢澶х殑鍔姏銆俁iding a bike can make a man smart. 楠戝崟杞﹁兘浣夸竴涓汉鏁忔嵎銆(...
