中国什么时候开始有瓶装矿泉水卖的? 中国最早矿泉水是哪年

\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u7684\u74f6\u88c5\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u996e\u6599\u548c\u679c\u5473\u7b49\u996e\u6599\uff1f

\u3000\u3000\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86
\u3000\u3000\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u6c34\u996e\u6599\u54c1\u724c\u90fd\u662f\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u201c\u4f9d\u4e91\u201d\u3002\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5df2\u6709\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u53e4\u4ee3,\u8def\u8fb9\u4f1a\u6709\u5356\u8336\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u65b9,\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u62ff\u58f6\u88c5\u6c34\u5e26\u51fa\u53bb\u559d


\u3000\u3000\u77ff\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u6211\u56fd\u77ff\u6c34\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u53f2

\u3000\u30001\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u77ff\u6c34\u7814\u7a76

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\u3000\u3000\u636e\u73b0\u6709\u8003\u8bc1\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u65f6\u5668\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9057\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u6c34\u4e95\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u4f59\u59da\u53bf\u6cb3\u59c6\u6e21\uff0c\u636e\u78b3\uff0d14\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u5df2\u67095700\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u76db\u5f18\u4e4b\u7684\u300a\u8346\u5dde\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0a\u6709\u5219\u4f20\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u968b\u90e1\u91cd\u5c71\u6709\u4e00\u7a74\uff0c\u7236\u8001\u76f8\u4f20\u4e91\uff1a\u795e\u519c\u6240\u751f\u5730\u4e2d\u6709\u4e5d\u4e95\uff0c\u795e\u519c\u65e2\u80b2\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e95\u81ea\u7a7f\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u3002\u6d2a\u8303\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u66f0\u6c34\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u6c34\u66f0\u6da6\u4e0b\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u6da6\u4e0b\u4f5c\u54b8\u3002\u201d\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09
\u3000\u3000\u6e29\u6cc9\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u80e1\u4ed4\u8d21\u732e\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u201c\u6e14\u9690\u4e1b\u8bdd\u201d\u4e2d\u5c06\u6e29\u6cc9\u5206\u4e3a\u786b\u78fa\u6cc9\u3001\u96c4\u78fa\u6cc9\u3001\u6731\u7802\u6cc9\u548c\u7812\u5382\u77f3\u6cc9\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u8f83\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u6cc9\u7684\u9274\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u533b\u7597\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6e29\u6cc9\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u77ff\u6cc9\u5df2\u8fbe3000\u4f59\u5904\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53bf\u5fd7\u6216\u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u5de2\u6e56\u5e02\u7684\u534a\u6c64\u6e29\u6cc9\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u968b\u671d\u5c31\u5df2\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u7fa4\u4f17\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u7684\u534e\u6e05\u6c60\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u5df2\u662f\u7687\u5e1d\u6d17\u6d74\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u671d\u82cf\u8f7c\u7684\u300a\u548f\u8bbf\u6c64\u6cc9\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u81ea\u601c\u8033\u76ee\u9698\uff0c\u672a\u6d4b\u9634\u9633\u6545\uff0c\u90c1\u6538\u706b\u5c71\u70c8\uff0c\uff08\uff09\u6cb8\u6c64\u6cc9\u6ce8\u3002\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e29\u6cc9\u4e0e\u706b\u5c71\u6709\u5173\u3002\u300a\u9655\u897f\u901a\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u4e34\u6f7c\u9a8a\u5c71\u897f\u5317\u9e93\u7684\u6e29\u6cc9\uff0c\u201c\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u4e8e\u6b64\u780c\u77f3\u97e7\u5b57\u201d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6e29\u6cc9\u5728\u79e6\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u6e05\u4ee3\uff0c\u300a\u6e0a\u9274\u7c7b\u4e9f\u300b\u3001\u300a\u53e4\u4eca\u56fe\u4e66\u6210\u300b\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u77ff\u6cc9\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5217\u6709\u6cc9\u548c\u6e29\u6cc9\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u77ff\u6cc9\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002

\u3000\u30002\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u77ff\u6c34\u5f00\u53d1

\u3000\u3000\u5364\u6c34\uff0c\u53e4\u79f0\u201c\u76d0\u4e0b\u6ca5\u6c34\u201d\u674e\u65f6\u73cd\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u5473\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u98df\u3002\u4eca\u4eba\u7528\u6b64\u6c34\uff0c\u6536\u8c46\u8150\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u6c34\u201c\u6709\u5927\u6bd2\uff0c\u516d\u755c\u996e\u4e00\u5408\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b7b\uff0c\u4eba\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u53ef\u201c\u533f\u8680\u75a5\u7663\uff0c\u7618\u75be\u866b\u54ac\uff0c\u53ca\u9a6c\u725b\u4e3a\u866b\u8680\uff0c\u6bd2\u866b\u5165\u8089\u751f\u5b50\u3002\u201d
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\u3000\u3000\u865e\u821c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u714e\u6cc9\u6210\u76d0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u77ff\u5316\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6cc9\u6c34\u63d0\u53d6\u76d0\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6280\u827a\u3002\u53e6\u636e\u300a\u5bcc\u987a\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u8f7d\uff1a\u664b\u671d\u592a\u5eb7\u5143\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u5143280\u5e74\uff09\u5f5d\u65cf\u4eba\u6885\u6cfd\u53d1\u73b0\u77f3\u7f1d\u4e2d\u6709\u6cc9\u6c34\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u996e\u4e4b\u800c\u54b8\uff0c\u9042\u51ff\u77f3\u4e09\u5c3a\uff0c\u54b8\u6cc9\u6d8c\u51fa\uff0c\u714e\u4e4b\u6210\u76d0\u201d\u3002\u5230\u5510\u5b8b\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5355\u5728\u6b64\u533a\u81ea\u6d41\u4e95\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u5c31\u5f00\u51ff\u4e86\u8fd1\u767e\u53e3\u76d0\u4e95\uff0c\u4e95\u6df1\u8fbe\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u767e\u5c3a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u56db\u5ddd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ea7\u76d0\u5730\u3002

\u3000\u30003\u3001\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7

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\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u5b50\u5728\u201c\u5730\u5458\u7bc7\u201d\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6d4e\u4e4b\u6c34\u5176\u6c34\u6e05\u767d\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u575a\u52b2\uff0c\u5be1\u6709\u75a5\u7619\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e0\u7620\u9192\u3002\u201d\u5510\u4ee3\u674e\u5409\u752b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u83ca\u6c34\u51fa\u53bf\u77f3\u6da7\u5c71\uff0c\u5176\u65c1\u591a\u83ca\uff0c\u6c34\u6781\u7518\u99a8\uff0c\u8c37\u4e2d\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u6237\u4e0d\u590d\u7a7f\u4e95\uff0c\u4ef0\u996e\u6b64\u6c34\uff0c\u7686\u5bff\u767e\u4f59\u5c81\u3002\u201d
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\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5415\u6c10\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u5730\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6c34\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u201c\u8f7b\u6c34\u6240\uff0c\u591a\u79c3\u4e0e\u763f\u4eba\u3002\u91cd\u6c34\u6240\uff0c\u591a\u5c30\u4e0e\uff08 \uff09\u4eba\u3002\u7518\u6c34\u6240\uff0c\u591a\u597d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u4eba\u3002\u8f9b\u6c34\u6240\uff0c\u591a\u75bd\u4e0e\u75e4\u4eba\u3002\u82e6\u6c34\u6240\uff0c\u591a\u5c30\u4e0e\u4f1b\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6c34\u571f\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u6c49\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u300a\u6dee\u5357\u5b50\u300b\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u3002\u5730\u5458\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bb2\u5230\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8d28\u4e0e\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u7684\u7956\u5e08\u7237\u2015\u2015\u795e\u519c\u6c0f\uff0c\u636e\u300a\u6dee\u5357\u5b50\u3002\u4fee\u52a1\u8bad\u300b\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u66fe\u201c\u5c1d\u767e\u8349\u4e4b\u6ecb\u5473\uff0c\u6c34\u6cc9\u4e4b\u7518\u82e6\uff0c\u4ee4\u6c11\u77e5\u6240\u907f\u5c31\u3002\u201c
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\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u671d\u7684\u79e6\u89c2\uff081049\uff0d1100\uff09\u8457\u300a\u6e38\u6c64\u6cc9\u8bb0\u300b\u8bf4\u6c64\u6cc9\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u8272\u6df1\u78a7\u6cb8\u767d\uff0c\u9999\u6c14\u88ad\u4eba\uff0c\u722c\u6414\u59d4\u987f\u4e4b\u75c5\uff0c\u6d74\u4e4b\u8f84\u6108\uff0c\u8d62\u7cae\u81ea\u8fdc\u800c\u81f3\u8005\u65e0\u865a\u65f6\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u6e29\u6cc9\u7684\u7597\u6548\u548c\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u636e\u5510\u9648\u85cf\u5668\u6709\uff1a\u201c\u4e0b\u6709\u786b\u78fa\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u6c34\u70ed\uff0c\u72b9\u6709\u786b\u78fa\u81ed\u3002\u786b\u78fa\u4e3b\u8bf8\u75ae\uff0c\u6545\u6c34\u4ea6\u5b9c\u7136\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u6e29\u6cc9\u6d17\u6d74\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5386\u4ee3\u5e1d\u738b\u5c06\u76f8\u4eab\u53d7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u548c\u7279\u6743\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002


\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u53f2
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u77ff\u6cc9\u5f00\u53d1\u5386\u53f2
\u3000\u3000\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u77ff\u6cc9\u6216\u70ed\u6c34\u6d74\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5c06\u77ff\u6cc9\u6d17\u6d74\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u628a\u5728\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6d17\u6d74\u6216\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6eaa\u6d41\u3001\u6c34\u5858\u6216\u6cc9\u4e2d\u6d17\u6d74\u505a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u4eea\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6d17\u6d74\u8eab\u4f53\u6216\u5668\u76bf\uff0c\u5728\u6b7b\u6d77\u9644\u4ef6\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e3e\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u5e86\u5178\u6d17\u6d74\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u628aEsculapius\u5854\u5efa\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6cc9\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728Euboea\u5c9b\u4e0a\u6d17\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u6cc9\u6d74\uff0c\u795b\u75c5\u9a71\u90aa\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u70ed\u6c34\u6d74\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u4ece\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u201cthermae\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u201c\u6e29\u70ed\u6d74\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u3002\u4eceBC\u300121 Agrippa \u65f6\u4ee3\u5230Diocletian\uff0c A D 302\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u8d35\u65cf\u3001\u738b\u5ba4\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u6e29\u6cc9\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5efa\u8d77\u6d17\u6d74\u7597\u517b\u5730\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u5e03\u52d2\u65af\u9644\u4ef6\u7684Baiae\u6709\u4e00\u70ed\u6cc9\uff0c\u5bcc\u8d35\u7684\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u805a\u4f1a\u540c\u795d\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6b22\u4e50\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u666f\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9057\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u533b\u836f\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982Hippocrates\uff0c Asclepiades\uff0c Celsus\u548cGalen\u90fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u5185\u7528\u548c\u5916\u7528\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5982\u533b\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u6d74\uff0c\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u76db\u884c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u7ea6\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0cJesuit \u7279\u4f7f\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\uff08\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u542c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u7684\u6cc9\u5e26\u6709\u8ff7\u4fe1\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6cc9\u6709\u6076\u9b54\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6307\u5f15\u4e0b\u770b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6cc9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u4e95\u4e2d\u53d6\u6c34\u5236\u53d6\u76d0\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u76d0\u4e1a\u30021788\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728Sgracuse \u9644\u8fd1\u5f00\u59cb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5236\u76d0\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5730\u8868\u4e0b\u7684\u76d0\u5ca9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u76d0\u5ca9\u4e2d\u5236\u76d0\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u3001\u77ff\u6c34\u7814\u7a76
\u3000\u3000\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u4ece\u4e8b\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6c34\u6587\u5730\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cHerpin\u5b9a\u4e49\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\uff1a\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff1bOssian Penry\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e76\u643a\u5e26\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u9632\u6cbb\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1bM.Durian Fardel\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u4efd\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u533b\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\uff1bM.Garrigan \u6700\u521d\u5c06\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u5e03\u5212\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a1\u3001\u70ed\u6c34\u662f\u5728\u53e4\u8001\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u53e4\u8001\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\uff09\uff1b2\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u542b\u6c14\u6c34\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u706b\u5c71\u5ca9\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b3\u3001\u542b\u94c1\u7684\u6c34\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\uff08Strata of transition\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b4\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u76d0\u6c34\u662f\u5728\u6b21\u751f\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff08Secondary Strata or\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u77ff\u6c34\u5f00\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u8fdc\u53e4\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672a\uff0c\u5c5e\u521d\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u77ff\u6c34\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u533b\u751f\u963f\u5c14\u8d6b\u683c\u6d85\u65af\u5c31\u5df2\u628a\u77ff\u6c34\u5206\u4e3a\u78b1\u6027\u7684\u3001\u94c1\u8d28\u7684\u3001\u76d0\u6027\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u786b\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672a\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u77ff\u6cc9\u7597\u517b\u5730\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u77ff\u6cc9\u4e0e\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u5730\u8d28\u6784\u9020\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u8d77\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fb7\uff0d\u52b3\u8010\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5730\u70ed\u6c34\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u77ff\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u51fa\u9732\u53ca\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5230\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u77ff\u6c34\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8ff7\u604b\u4e8e\u521d\u751f\u6c34\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8d6b\u91cc\u8428\u8bfa\u592b\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u7406\uff0c1936\u5e74\u7f16\u5236\u4e86\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u77ff\u6c34\u6c34\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5e26\u56fe\u300b\u5e76\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8c03\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u3001\u77ff\u6c34\u5f00\u53d1
\u3000\u30001826\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u996e\u7528\u4e86\u57c3\u7ef4\u6602\uff08EVIAN\uff09\u77ff\u6cc9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5bf9\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u77ff\u6cc9\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684Perrier \u77ff\u6c34\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u5c31\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5176\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230100\u4e07\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e09\u5927\u54c1\u724c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Vittel Grande Source \u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65e0\u6c7d\u6c34\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f4e\u94a0\u548c\u9499\u9541\u5e73\u8861\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece1893\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u5411\u56fd\u5916\u51fa\u53e3\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684San Bernardo\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u9760\u8fd1\u5723\u8d1d\u5c14\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5c71\u53e3\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u51b7\u6cc9\u7684\u6e29\u5ea65\uff0d6\u2103\u3002San Pellegrino \u4f4d\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u5df2\u5f1b\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c1899\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u74f6\u88c5\u751f\u4ea7\u3002Vera \u77ff\u6c34\u662f\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f31\u77ff\u5316\u6c34\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u767d\u4e91\u8c37\u4e2d\uff0c1979\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8457\u540d\u77ff\u6c34\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684Rhenser,Mineralquellen \u77ff\u6cc9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8e1338\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece1872\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800cRielenauer Mineralquellen \u77ff\u6cc9\u4ece\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u4ea7\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fdArrowhead \u77ff\u6cc9\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c1894\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u77ff\u6c34\u3002Deer Park \u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u5df4\u62c9\u5951\u4e9a\u5c71\uff0c1873\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff1bIce Mountain 1700\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c1850\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\uff1bOasis \u6700\u521d\u662f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u5b88\u7740\u6c34\u6e90\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u65b9\u624d\u89c4\u6a21\u6027\u5f00\u53d1\u3002

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崂山品牌起源于1905年,百年来,“崂山”矿泉水以其悠久的历史、卓越的品质享誉海内外,畅销多年而不衰。 是中国第一瓶矿泉水,被誉为中国的“国水”,与法国伊云矿泉水、俄罗斯北高加索矿泉水并称为世界三大矿泉水品牌。

世界上第一瓶瓶装矿泉水出现在1850年左右的法国。1855年,被认为能够帮助治疗肾病、胆病和肝病的Vittel矿泉水获得了政府的灌装许可,装在陶制的罐子里,在药房中作为保健品销售。在此之后,轮到如今与Vittel同属雀巢旗下品牌的Perrier。1888年,一位农场主花29750法郎买下了1863年获得特许经营权但经营不善的“沸腾之水”水源,与一位名叫皮雷(Perrier)的医生共同经营。
http://www.ccnee.com/INFO/ShowNews.Asp?NewsID=5307

1977年以前,我国唯一的瓶装矿泉水是青岛崂山牌天然矿泉水。

真正意义上,1989年怡宝第一支瓶装水

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