谁能告诉我被动语态和现在完成式的用法，只要简单说下，通俗易懂就行 现在完成时的被动语态，有没有能说的简单易懂点的
\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u8bb2\u89e3\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6539\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
\u3000\u30001\uff09\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u2460\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\u2461\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u201cbe\uff0b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\u2462\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8bcdby\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u30002\uff09\u542b\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u2460\u628a\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u4f4d\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\u2461\u628a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u8981\u52a0\u4ecb\u8bcdto\u6216 for\u3002\u5982\uff1a He gave the boy an apple\uff0e\u2192The boy was given an apple\uff0e\uff08\u6216An apple was given to the boy\uff0e\uff09 Her father bought her a present\uff0e\u2192She was bought a present by her father\uff0e\uff08\u6216A present was bought for her by her father\uff0e\uff09
\u3000\u30003\uff09\u4e0d\u5e26to\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u8981\u52a0to\u3002\u5982\uff1a They watched the children sing that morning\uff0e\u2192The children were watched to sing that morning\uff0e
\u3000\u30004\uff09\u5e26\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u628a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u5728\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u3002\u5982\uff1a We call him Xiao Wang\uff0e\u2192He is called Xiao Wang\uff0e He cut his hair short\uff0e\u2192His hair was cut short\uff0e They told him to help me\uff0e\u2192He was told to help me\uff0e
\u3000\u30005\uff09\u77ed\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6216\u526f\u8bcd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9057\u6f0f\u3002\u5982\uff1a We must take good care of the young trees\uff0e\u2192The young trees must be taken good care of\uff0e
\u3000\u30006\uff09\u542b\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528it\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5148\u884c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u540e\u9762\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709know\uff0csay\uff0cbelieve\uff0cfind\uff0cthink\uff0creport\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a People believe that he is ill\uff0e\u2192It is believed that he is ill\uff0e\uff08\u6216\uff1aHe is believed to be ill\uff0e\uff09
\u3000\u30001. \u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1ais / am / are + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
\u3000\u3000I am asked to study hard.
\u3000\u3000Knives are used for cutting things.
\u3000\u30002. \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1awas / were + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000A new shop was built last year.
\u3000\u3000Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
\u3000\u30003. \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1ahas / have + been + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000This book has been translated into many languages.
\u3000\u3000Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
\u3000\u30004. \u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1awill+ be + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000A new hospital will be built in our city.
\u3000\u3000Many more trees will be planted next year.
\u3000\u30005. \u542b\u6709\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd+ be + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000Young trees must be watered often.
\u3000\u3000Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
\u3000\u3000The door may be locked inside.
\u3000\u3000Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
\u3000\u30006. \u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1aam / is / are + being + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.\u2192
\u3000\u3000My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
\u3000\u3000They are planting trees over there. \u2192
\u3000\u3000Trees are being planted over there by them.
\u3000\u30007. \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff1ato + be + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u3000\u3000There are two books to be read. \u2192
\u3000\u3000There are twenty more trees to be planted.
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001 \u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\u3000\u30001. \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65e0\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u3002
\u3000\u3000What will happen in 100 years.
\u3000\u3000The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
\u3000\u30002. \u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u3000\u3000This pen writes well.
\u3000\u3000This new book sells well.
\u3000\u30003. \u611f\u5b98\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u4f7f\u5f79\u52a8\u8bcd\u4f7f\u7528\u7701\u7565to\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e26to \uff0c\u4f46\u53d8\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u987b\u52a0\u4e0ato \u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f8b\uff1amake somebody do something\u2192somebody+ be +made to do something
\u3000\u3000see somebody do something\u2192somebody +be +seen to do something
\u3000\u3000A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.\u2192My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
\u3000\u3000The boss made the little boy do heavy work.\u2192The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
\u3000\u30004. \u5982\u679c\u662f\u63a5\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed(\u7269)\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u8981\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u662f\u7531\u4e0e\u5176\u642d\u914d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002
\u3000\u3000He gave me a book.\u2192A book was given to me by him.
\u3000\u3000He showed me a ticket.\u2192A ticket was shown to me by him.
\u3000\u3000My father bought me a new bike. \u2192A new bike was bought for me by my father.
\u3000\u30005. \u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u5e94\u5f53\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e22\u6389\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6216\u526f\u8bcd\u3002
\u3000\u3000We can\u2019t laugh him. \u2192He can\u2019t be laugh by us.
\u3000\u3000He listens to the radio every day. \u2192The radio is listened to by him every day.
\u3000\u3000The nurse is taking care of the sick man. \u2192The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
have been done \u88ab\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u88ab\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u8be5\u61c2\u5427\u3002\u662fbe done\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u662fhave done\uff0cbe\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662fbeen\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u662fhave been done
现在完成时被动语态的构成与用法 现在完成时的被动语态是本课中的重要语法项目，为帮助同学们更好地学习和巩固此语法现做了以下几点归纳： 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成 1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式 由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。 2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式 由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。 3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式 由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： ①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？ ─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。 ②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？ ─No，they haven't．不，还没有。 4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式 由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？ How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？ 二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法 1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如： The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去） 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong．．．？句型中。例如： They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们） How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？ 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题 1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。 2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如： The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。 3．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如： 译：这本书买了多久了？ 误：How long has this book been bought？ 正：How long ago was this book bought？ 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如： No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如： The orphan has been welllooked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx?A=sdwyjx200101004
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绛旓細once銆乼wice銆乼hree times銆乻ome/few times;so far銆乥y now銆乽p to now銆乼ill now;recently銆乮n recent years銆乨uring/in/over + the past/last + few years;since +鏃堕棿鐐广乫or +鏃堕棿娈;now 鏃㈠彲浠ョ敤鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃锛屽張鍙互鐢ㄧ幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂銆4.鏍规嵁棰樼洰鎰忔濈悊瑙 琚姩璇锛1.鎸囨煇浜嬭鍋氥2.浣滀负鍔ㄨ瘝...
绛旓細/ are + 鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2.涓鑸繃鍘绘椂鐨琚姩璇鏋勬垚锛歸as / were + 鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇 A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3.鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬...
绛旓細琚姩璇鏄姩璇嶇殑涓绉嶇壒娈婂舰寮忥紝涓鑸潵璇达紝鍙湁闇瑕佸姩浣滃璞＄殑鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鎵嶆湁琚姩璇併傛眽璇線寰鐢"琚"銆"鍙"銆"缁"绛夎鍔ㄨ瘝鏉ヨ〃绀鸿鍔ㄦ剰涔 銆傝鍔ㄨ鎬佺敱鈥滃姪鍔ㄨ瘝be+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶁濇瀯鎴愩傝鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑鏃舵佸彉鍖栧彧鏀瑰彉be鐨勫舰寮忥紝杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝閮ㄥ垎涓嶅彉銆傜枒闂紡鍜屽惁瀹氬紡鐨勫彉鍖栦篃濡傛銆鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鏄繃鍘荤殑鍔ㄤ綔...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃舵佽鍔ㄨ鎬鐨勬瀯鎴愶細1銆佽偗瀹氬紡锛歨ave/has+been+done銆傚锛歍he experiment has been done successfully.杩欎釜瀹為獙鍋氬緱寰堟垚鍔熴2銆佸惁瀹氬紡锛歨ave/has+not+been+done銆傚锛歍om's novel has not been published.姹ゅ鐨勫皬璇磋繕娌℃湁琚嚭鐗堛3銆佷竴鑸枒闂彞闇灏唄ave/has鎻愬埌涓昏鐨勫墠闈傚锛欻ave the ...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃锛欻AVE BEEN DONE 渚嬪瓙锛欼've been to New York three times so far 涓诲姩鏄煇浜哄仛鏌愪簨浠涔堜粈涔堢殑 渚嬪瓙锛欼 am wring a book 琚姩锛歜een done 渚嬪瓙锛歍he car was washed by Jake.澶ф杩欐牱鍏蜂綋浣犲彲浠ヤ笂鐧剧鍘荤湅鐪.鏈夌壒鍒叿浣撶殑
绛旓細琚姩璇鐨勬椂鎬佺敱琚姩缁撴瀯鈥渂e+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鈥濅腑鐨勫姩璇峛e鏉ヤ綋鐜帮紝鍏跺熀鏈粨鏋勫拰鐢ㄦ硶濡備笅锛(1)涓鑸鐜板湪鏃鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬侊細am [is, are]+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝 (2) 涓鑸繃鍘绘椂鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬侊細was [were]+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝 (3) 涓鑸皢鏉ユ椂鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬侊細will be+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝 (4) 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬侊細have [has]been+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝 (5) ...
绛旓細閭ｈ繖閲岀殑鐜板湪鎸囩殑鏄竴鑸鐜板湪鏃鐨勯偅閮ㄥ垎锛屽嵆have\has,瀹屾垚鏃灏辨槸鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶏紝杩囧幓鐨勭姸鎬佽〃鏄庡叾宸茬粡瀹屾垚锛屾墍浠ラ氬父浠ave done浣滀负鍏镐緥鏉ヨ蹇嗭紝濡侷 have finished my homework.濡傛灉涓昏鍗曞鏁版敼鍙橈紝have鍙戠敓鐩稿簲鏀瑰彉銆傚鏋滀袱鑰呯粨鍚堬紝have been done涓鐜板湪瀹屾垚琚姩璇锛宼he homework has been finished ...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃跺拰鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃剁殑琚姩璇缁撴瀯? 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃朵负锛歨ave/has +been 鎸囪繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑浜嬶紝瀵圭幇鍦ㄤ骇鐢熶簡褰卞搷锛屾垨涓鐩村埌鐜板湪銆 渚嬶細I have been learnt English for five years. 鎴戝凡缁忓浜嗕簲骞磋嫳璇傦紙鐜板湪渚濈劧鍦ㄥ銆) 鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃朵负锛歨ave/has +been +doing鎸囪繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑浜嬶紝鍒扮幇鍦ㄨ繖涓偣...
绛旓細锛堜竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂锛 He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.浠鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑鏂伴搧璺皢浜庣浜屽勾寤烘垚.锛堣繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂锛夌浜岃妭 琚姩璇鐨勫悇绉嶅彞鍨1.鍗曞璇粨鏋. e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.鎴戜滑鑻辫鑰佸笀缁忓父鐢ㄥ綍闊虫満鏁欒嫳璇.锛堜富鍔ㄨ鎬...
绛旓細Tom鈥檚 novel has not been published. 姹ゅ鐨勫皬璇磋繕娌℃湁琚嚭鐗堛鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐨琚姩璇鐨勪竴鑸枒闂彞闇灏唄ave /has鎻愬埌涓昏鐨勫墠闈傚锛欻as his bike been repaired? 浠栫殑鑷杞︿慨濂戒簡鍚?鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁殑琚姩璇佺殑鐗规畩鐤戦棶鍙ヤ负锛氱枒闂瘝+have /has +been +done? 濡傦細Who has been invited? 璋佸彈鍒颁簡...
