20世纪的科技发展和21世纪的科技发展分别是什么样的？ 20世纪和21世纪的发明有什么变化
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa,21\u4e16\u7eaa\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u662f\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u3001\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u5f02\u3002
\u4e00\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u4e24\u5927\u6210\u5c31
1\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba
1905\u5e74\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5929\u624d\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u4ed626\u5c81\u65f6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u72ed\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u89c2\u548c\u8d28\uff08m\uff09\u80fd\uff08E\uff09\u76f8\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5f0fE\uff1dmc2\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u5149\u901fC\uff1d3\u00d7108\u7c73\uff0f\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002
\u5173\u4e8eE\uff1dmc2\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u4f53\u8d2e\u85cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee5\u5149\u901f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c1\u514b\u7269\u8d28\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u71c3\u70e736000\u5428\u7164\u6240\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u70ed\u80fd\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c1\u514b\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e2500\u4e07\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u80fd\u3002
1915\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u53c8\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u4ece1923\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u540e\u534a\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u529b\u573a\u53c8\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u548c\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6768\u2014\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u573a\u65b9\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u573a\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u68a6\u5bd0\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u573a\u8bba\u53ef\u671b\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u573a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
2\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66
1900\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5149\u7684\u201c\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\u201d\u30021913\u5e74\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u628a\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u8fdb\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u610f\u63d0\u51fa\u7269\u8d28\u6ce2\u7406\u8bba\u30021925\u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u4f2f\u548c\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5206\u522b\u5efa\u7acb\u77e9\u9635\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c26\u5c81\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u548c\u6700\u521d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5305\u62ec\u77e9\u9635\u529b\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002
20\u4ee3\u672b\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u7ee71905-1915\u5e74\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u56fa\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002
\u4e8c\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f5\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31
1\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784
\u4ece\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u3002\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u5143\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u30021911\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u745f\u798f\u53d1\u73b0\u539f\u5b50\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\uff1b1913\u5e74\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u5408\u529b\u7684\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002
1932\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u5fb7\u5a01\u514b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b50\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u3001\u4ecb\u5b50\u7b49\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u73b0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5938\u514b\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c42\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u81f3\u4eca\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\u3002
2\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8bba
\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3002\u4ed6\u57281915\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e8e1917\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u9650\u65e0\u8fb9\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u30021922\u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u30021929\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u52c3\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u661f\u7cfb\u7ea2\u79fb\uff08\u5373\u9000\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u80c0\u7406\u8bba\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u52d2\u6885\u7279\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7206\u70b8\u8bf4\u3002
1948\u5e74\uff0c\u4f3d\u83ab\u592b\u628a\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u540c\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u80c0\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8bba\u57281965\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u548c1998\u5e74\u54c8\u52c3\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u8ddd\u5730\u7403120\u4ebf\u5149\u5e74\u4e4b\u9065\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002
3\u3001DNA\u5206\u5b50\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u578b
1953\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u520a\u767b\u4e8625\u5c81\u7684\u6c83\u68ee\u548c37\u5c81\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\u2014\u2014DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u5c31\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002
DNA\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8f7d\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7b80\u79f0\u30021915\u81f31928\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u6839\u901a\u8fc7\u679c\u8747\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5750\u843d\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u751f\u7269\u6027\u72b6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548cDNA\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u76f4\u52301944\u5e74\u57c3\u5f17\u91cc\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624d\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u662fDNA\u30021953\u5e74DNA\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u9057\u4f20\u4e4b\u8c1c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002
60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c3c\u4f26\u67cf\u683c\u7b49\u4eba\u7834\u8bd1\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u2014\u2014DNA\u76844\u79cd\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u768420\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u8f7d\u4f53\u7684DNA\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u6307\u6325\u8005\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6027\u72b6\u901a\u8fc7\u53d7DNA\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u3002
4\u3001\u5927\u5730\u677f\u5757\u6784\u9020\u5b66\u8bf4
1912\u5e74\uff0c\u9b4f\u683c\u7eb3\u63d0\u51fa\u5927\u9646\u6f02\u79fb\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5730\u8d28\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u4ee3\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u5de8\u5927\u9646\u5730\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u5927\u6d0b\uff1b\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u53e4\u9646\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u6f02\u79fb\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u548c\u65e0\u6570\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5927\u6d0b\u5219\u5206\u5272\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u6d0b\u548c\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u6d77\u3002
\u5927\u9646\u6f02\u79fb\u8bf4\u7ecf\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7531\u5730\u5e54\u5bf9\u6d41\u8bf4\uff081928\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u6d77\u5e95\u6269\u5f20\u8bf4\uff081961\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u52301968\u5e74\u52d2\u6bd4\u96c4\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5927\u5730\u677f\u5757\u6784\u9020\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u6b27\u4e9a\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u6781\u516d\u5927\u677f\u5757\u548c\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u677f\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d77\u6d0b\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002
5\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba
1948\u5e74\uff0c\u7533\u519c\u300a\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u7ef4\u7eb3\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u300a\u751f\u547d\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff1b1957\u5e74\uff0c\u53e4\u5fb7\u7b49\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bba\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u7a81\u53d8\u8bba\u3001\u534f\u540c\u8bba\u548c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u3002
\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6c9f\u901a\u4e86\u4e3a\u6570\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6c9f\u901a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u4e09\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u76845\u5927\u5c16\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u6210\u679c
1\u3001\u6838\u80fd\u4e0e\u6838\u6280\u672f
\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u88c2\u53d8\u548c\u805a\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u7b49\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6838\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5b89\u5168\u53c8\u6e05\u6d01\u3001\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u800c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u5b9d\u5e93\u3002
1942\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u539f\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u94fe\u5f0f\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u30021945\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u9897\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7206\u70b8\u6210\u529f\u30021952\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u9897\u8f7b\u6838\u805a\u53d8\u7684\u6c22\u5f39\u7206\u70b8\u6210\u529f\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5efa\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u7ad9\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u7528\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u7535\u603b\u91cf\u76841\uff0f5\u3002
\u6838\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u548c\u73af\u4fdd\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u300240\u5e74\u4ee3\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c1947\u5e74\u6bd4\u5229\u53d1\u660e\u4e86C14\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c1951\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528Co60\u7b49\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u764c\u75c7\uff0c70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u673ax\u5c04\u7ebf\u65ad\u5c42\u626b\u63cf\u6280\u672f\uff08CT\uff09\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u626b\u63cf\u6280\u672f\uff08MRI\uff09\u3002
2\u3001\u822a\u5929\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6280\u672f
1903-1914\u5e74\uff0c\u9f50\u5965\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u706b\u7bad\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u822a\u884c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u822a\u5929\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u30021919\u5e74\uff0c\u6208\u8fbe\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u706b\u7bad\u98de\u884c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1926\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5730\u53d1\u5c04\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u6db2\u4f53\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u706b\u7bad\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u52b3\u6069\u4e3b\u6301\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u519b\u7528\u98de\u7bad\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u5404\u56fd\u706b\u7bad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u84dd\u672c\u3002
1957\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7528\u6d32\u9645\u5bfc\u5f39\u7684\u706b\u7bad\u88c5\u7f6e\u53d1\u5c04\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9897\u4eba\u9020\u5730\u7403\u536b\u661f\uff0c\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u30021961\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u5c04\u8f7d\u4eba\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u98de\u5411\u592a\u7a7a\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u201d11\u53f7\u98de\u8239\u767b\u6708\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u5370\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5efa\u9020\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u6d3b\u52a8\u57fa\u5730\u30021981\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u5c04\u822a\u5929\u98de\u673a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u51fa\u592a\u7a7a\u3002
\u81ea50\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6708\u7403\u548c\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u5404\u5927\u884c\u661f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u884c\u661f\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u53d1\u5c04\u4e86100\u591a\u9897\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\uff0c\u53bb\u63ed\u793a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
3\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f
\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
1906\u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u6781\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4f7f\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u30021947\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u8def\u96c6\u6210\u5316\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u30021945\u5e74\u95ee\u4e16\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\uff08\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\uff0c40\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u81f350\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\uff08\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f360\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\uff08\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\uff08\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u7b49\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u521d\u6b65\u6210\u679c\u3002
\u968f\u7740\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5411\u5de8\u578b\u5316\u548c\u5fae\u578b\u5316\u4e24\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de8\u578b\u673a\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6bcf\u79d2\u4ebf\u6b21\uff1b\u5fae\u673a\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5343\u5bb6\u4e07\u6237\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\uff0c\u5de8\u578b\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u5df2\u8fbe\u6bcf\u79d23\uff0e9\u4e07\u4ebf\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u57282\u4ebf\u591a\u7f51\u6c11\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u751a\u81f3\u5a31\u4e50\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
4\u3001\u6fc0\u5149\u6280\u672f
1917\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5149\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u53d7\u6fc0\u8f90\u5c04\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6fc0\u5149\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u30021958\u5e74\u6fc0\u5149\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u30021960\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u6676\u4f53\u505a\u53d1\u5149\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u53d1\u5149\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u6c19\u706f\u505a\u6fc0\u53d1\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d7\u6fc0\u8f90\u5c04\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u5f3a\u5149\u675f\u5c31\u662f\u6fc0\u5149\u3002
\u7ee7\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff081963\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff081964\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff081977\u5e74\uff09\u4e43\u81f3\u539f\u5b50\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff081977\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u76f8\u7ee7\u95ee\u4e16\u3002
5\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f
\u57fa\u56e0\u91cd\u7ec4\u6280\u672f\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u84ec\u52c3\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u548c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u53d1\u73b0\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u9176\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u5bf9DNA\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u526a\u5207\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff1b\u5185\u68ee\u65af\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u9176\u9996\u6b21\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86DNA\u5207\u5272\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u3002DNA\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u9020\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u4ea7\u751f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u610f\u613f\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0a\u767e\u79cd\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u52a8\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u836f\u7269\u7684\u7814\u5236\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5219\u5c06\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002
\u9664\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5373\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7ec6\u80de\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u9176\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u53d1\u9175\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u30021978\u5e74\u9996\u4f8b\u8bd5\u7ba1\u5a74\u513f\u8def\u6613\u65af\u8bde\u751f\u30011996\u5e74\u514b\u9686\u7f8a\u591a\u8389\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\uff1b\u52a0\u9176\u6d17\u8863\u7c89\u548c\u5ae9\u8089\u7c89\u7b49\u5219\u662f\u9176\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1b\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u9175\u5de5\u4e1a\u59cb\u4e8e\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5229\u7528\u53d1\u9175\u5de5\u7a0b\u751f\u4ea7\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5929\u7136\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e94\u300121\u4e16\u7eaa\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u7279\u70b9
1\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u6b65\u5165\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3
2\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u79bb\u5f00
3\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u201c\u5bc6\u7801\u201d\u5df2\u88ab\u7834\u8bd1
4\u3001\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u6362\u7535\u8111
5\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u6d01\u66f4\u4f4e\u8017
6\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u8fb9
7\u3001\u624b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8bdd\u5de5\u5177
8\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u6807\u7b7e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u96cf\u5f62\u5df2\u73b0
9\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u98df\u54c1\u8ba9\u4eba\u201c\u7231\u6068\u7ea0\u845b\u201d
10\u3001\u9ad8\u94c1\u201c\u65e0\u7fc5\u98de\u673a\u201d\u8d34\u5730\u98de\u884c
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u3001GPS\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u76f8\u7ee7\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63a2\u6d4b\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6240\u4ee521\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c06\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u7a81\u7834\uff1a
\u65f6\u95f4\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u9690\u5f62\u4f20\u6001\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u6697\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u884c\u661f\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u6b7b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d
\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u660e\u8111\u8d77\u640f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u8001\u5e74\u75f4\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u5c06\u80fd\u8bb0\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u3002
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u660e-\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002
20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u785d\u70df\u521a\u521a\u6563\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u540e\u4e16\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6469\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6084\u6084\u5730\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6570\u5b57\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684ENIAC\u3002
\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u77ed\u77ed\u768450\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7531\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u3002
\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4eba\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u3002
20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4ee5PC\u673a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u98ce\u884c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7cbe\u534e\u7684Internet\u98ce\u9761\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u5343\u5e74\u5230\u6765\u524d\u522e\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65cb\u98ce\u3002
\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u5165\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7814\u5236\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u51ed\u501f\u7740\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u77e5\u660e\u65e5\u7684\u9634\u775b\u51b7\u6696\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u65b0\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2026\u2026\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5f00\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u76f4\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u5f00\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e5f\u5c06\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\u3002
\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c06\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u8d70\u5165\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u53f7\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u201c\u5730\u7403\u6751\u201d\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u7f51- 20\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u8111\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f1a\u53d1\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u90e8-20\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u2015\u2015\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
20世纪是一个硕果累累的世纪,21世纪科学技术发展更是突飞猛进、日新月异。
绛旓細20涓栫邯鏄竴涓鏋滅疮绱殑涓栫邯,21涓栫邯绉戝鎶鏈彂灞鏇存槸绐侀鐚涜繘銆佹棩鏂版湀寮傘備竴銆20涓栫邯鍒濈瀛﹂潻鍛戒袱澶ф垚灏1銆佺浉瀵硅1905骞,20涓栫邯鏈浼熷ぇ鐨勭瀛﹀ぉ鎵嶇埍鍥犳柉鍧﹀湪浠26宀佹椂鍒涚珛浜嗙嫮涔夌浉瀵硅,鎻愬嚭浜嗕笉鍚屼簬缁忓吀鐗╃悊瀛︾殑宕柊鐨勬椂绌鸿鍜岃川(m)鑳(E)鐩稿綋鍏崇郴寮廍=mc2(姝ゅ鍏夐烠=3脳108绫/绉),鍦ㄧ悊璁轰笂涓哄師瀛愯兘鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ紑杈熶簡...
绛旓細20涓栫邯涓21涓栫邯鐨勭鎶鍙戝睍鍛堢幇鍑烘埅鐒朵笉鍚岀殑椋庤矊銆傚湪20涓栫邯锛岀瀛﹂潻鍛藉彇寰椾簡涓ら」閲嶅ぇ绐佺牬锛氱浉瀵硅鍜岄噺瀛愬姏瀛︺傜埍鍥犳柉鍧︾殑鐩稿璁轰笉浠呴潻鏂颁簡鏃剁┖瑙傚康锛岃繕涓哄師瀛愯兘鍒╃敤鎻愪緵浜嗙悊璁哄熀纭锛涜岄噺瀛愬姏瀛﹀垯鎻ず浜嗗井瑙備笘鐣岀殑濂囧瑙勫緥锛屾帹鍔ㄤ簡鍘熷瓙鐗╃悊瀛﹀拰鍖栧绛夐鍩熺殑鍙戝睍銆傛澶栵紝20涓栫邯涓悗鏈燂紝绉戝鐣屽彇寰椾簡5澶у叧閿垚灏...
绛旓細杩欎竴绯荤粺鍦ㄦ硶鍥藉拰濂ュ湴鍒╀氦鎴樻椂锛屼粎鐢ㄤ竴涓皬鏃跺氨灏嗚儨鍒╂秷鎭紶鑷冲反榛庛傚埌浜20涓栫邯锛岀數璇濇垚涓轰簡鐜颁唬鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡鐨勬牳蹇冿紝浣垮緱鏈嬪弸銆佸搴佸伐浣滃拰鍥藉涔嬮棿鐨勫嵆鏃惰仈绯绘垚涓哄彲鑳斤紝浠庤屾瀬澶у湴淇冭繘浜嗙敓娲汇佸伐涓氬拰缁忔祹鐨勯氳鍙戝睍銆備簩銆21涓栫邯锛1銆佹腐鐝犳境澶фˉ锛2017骞7鏈7鏃ワ紝娓彔婢冲ぇ妗ュ叏绾胯疮閫氾紝琚獕涓衡滅幇浠ｄ笘鐣屼竷澶...
绛旓細绉戞妧杩涙锛岀ぞ浼氬彉闈╃瓑銆傜鎶杩涙锛20涓栫邯瑙佽瘉浜嗚澶绉戞妧鐨绐佺牬锛屽鐢靛姏銆佹苯杞︺佺數瑙嗐佺數璇濆拰璁＄畻鏈虹瓑銆傝21涓栫邯鍒欒繋鏉ヤ簡浜掕仈缃戙佹櫤鑳芥墜鏈恒佺ぞ浜ゅ獟浣撳拰浜哄伐鏅鸿兘绛夋妧鏈殑蹇鍙戝睍銆傜ぞ浼氬彉闈╋細20涓栫邯瑙佽瘉浜嗚澶氱ぞ浼氬彉闈╋紝濡傛у埆骞崇瓑銆佹皯鏉冭繍鍔ㄥ拰鍚屾ф亱鏉冪泭绛夈21涓栫邯缁х画鎺ㄥ姩杩欎簺鍙橀潻锛屽苟鍑虹幇浜嗘柊鐨勭ぞ浼氶棶棰樺拰鎸戞垬...
绛旓細20涓栫邯锛氭牳鑳界殑鍜屽钩鍒╃敤 澶槼鑳界殑鍙戞槑 21涓栫邯锛氬埗閫犲厠闅嗕汉 寮鍙戣妭鑳芥潗鏂
绛旓細1銆3D鎵撳嵃 2005骞达紝甯傚満涓婇涓珮娓呮櫚褰╄壊3D鎵撳嵃鏈篠pectrum Z510鐢盳Corp鍏徃鐮斿埗鎴愬姛銆2010骞11鏈堬紝缇庡浗Jim Kor鍥㈤槦鎵撻犲嚭涓栫晫涓婄涓杈嗙敱3D鎵撳嵃鏈烘墦鍗拌屾垚鐨勬苯杞rbee闂笘銆2011骞6鏈6鏃ワ紝鍙戝竷浜嗗叏鐞冪涓娆3D鎵撳嵃鐨勬瘮鍩哄凹銆2019骞1鏈14鏃ワ紝缇庡浗鍔犲窞澶у鍦ｈ凯鎴堝垎鏍″湪銆婅嚜鐒堵峰尰瀛︺嬫潅蹇楀彂琛ㄨ鏂囷紝棣栨鍒╃敤...
绛旓細褰撴椂锛屾硶鍥藉拰濂ュ湴鍒╂鍦ㄤ綔鎴橈紝淇″彿绯荤粺鍙敤涓涓皬鏃跺氨鎶婁粠濂ュ啗鎵嬩腑澶哄彇鍩冩柉娌崇晹瀛斾唬鐨勮儨鍒╂秷鎭紶鍒板反榛庛傚湪20涓栫邯鐢佃瘽浠庢湁闄愪娇鐢ㄧ殑涓滆タ鍙樹负褰㈡垚鐜颁唬鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡鐨勫熀纭鐨勫厛杩涙妧鏈殑鏍稿績銆傛湅鍙嬨佸搴佸伐浣滃拰鍥藉闂村嚑涔庢槸鍗虫椂鐨勮仈绯伙紝浣挎彁楂樼敓娲汇佸伐涓氬拰缁忔祹鐨勯氳鎴愪负鍙兘銆備簩銆21涓栫邯 1銆佹腐鐝犳境澶фˉ 娓彔婢...
绛旓細20涓栫邯鏄墿鐞嗗鐨勪笘绾紝璁＄畻鏈恒佺數瑙嗐佹敹闊虫満銆丟PS鍜屼簰鑱旂綉绛夌浉缁ц鍒涢犲嚭鏉ャ傜墿鐞嗗宸茬粡鍙互琚敤鏉ユ帰娴嬬敓鍛介鍩熴傛墍浠21涓栫邯灏嗘槸鐗╃悊瀛﹀拰鐢熺墿瀛︾殑涓栫邯銆傚洜姝わ紝鏈潵灞炰簬绾崇背鎶鏈佺敓鐗╂妧鏈佷汉宸ユ櫤鑳藉拰閲忓瓙鐗╃悊瀛︺20涓栫邯鐨勭鎶绐佺牬锛氭椂闂存梾琛屽拰閲忓瓙闅愬舰浼犳佺幇鍦ㄤ粛鐒舵槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑浜嬫儏銆傚彲鑳介渶瑕佸嚑涓笘绾墠鑳芥帉鎻...
绛旓細鍥犱负20涓栫邯80骞翠唬涔嬪墠锛绉戝鎶鏈鍙兘杈惧埌寰背锛岃屽湪80骞翠唬涔嬪悗锛1986骞寸編鍥界瀛﹀寰烽浄鍏嬫柉鍕掑崥澹湪銆婂垱閫犵殑鏈哄櫒銆嬩竴涔︿腑鎻愬嚭鐨勫垎瀛愮撼绫虫妧鏈紝鍦ㄨ繖涔嬪悗杩涘叆鍒21涓栫邯锛岀撼绫虫妧鏈繀閫鍙戝睍锛屽厛宸插彂灞曠撼绫充綋绯荤墿鐞嗗銆佺撼绫冲寲瀛︺佺撼绫虫潗鏂欏銆佺撼绫崇敓鐗╁銆佺撼绫崇數瀛愬銆佺撼绫冲姞宸ュ銆佺撼绫冲姏瀛︾瓑瀛︾銆傜撼绫绉戞妧鏄90骞翠唬鍒...
绛旓細21涓栫邯鏄珮绉戞妧涓嶆柇鍙戝睍鐨鏃朵唬锛屼笉鏄熀纭瀛︾涓嶆柇鍙戝睍锛屾椂浠ｅ熀纭鎬х殑瀛︾鍙戝睍鐨勫緢蹇紝澶ф鏄湪19涓栫邯20涓栫邯锛岄偅涓椂鍊欏彂灞曞揩鏄洜涓轰粠0~60鎴栬呰浠庢棤鍒版湁鐨勮繃绋嬶紝瀹冩瘮杈冨鏄撱19涓栫邯20涓栫邯鐨鍩虹绉戝鍙戝睍灏卞儚鏄竴涓汉锛屼粬骞冲父浠涔堥兘涓嶅涔狅紝浠栬鎯充粠0鍒嗚冨埌40鍒50鍒嗭紝杩欐瘮杈冨鏄擄紝鍙浠栨効鎰忓幓瀛︽帉鎻...
