双宾语和复合宾语的区别，及如何变被动语态 双宾语和复合宾语的区别，及如何变被动语态
\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u662f\u6307\u53e5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u5373\u201c\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed=\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed+\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6307\u4eba\u7684\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed,\u6307\u7269\u7684\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed,\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u975e\u4e3b\u8c13\u5173\u7cfb;
\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u662f\u6307\u53e5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed=\u5bbe\u8bed+\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u201d,\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b(\u9664\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\u5916)\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e0e\u5bbe\u8865\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8c13\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
1. I bought her a new MP3 player as a birthday present.(\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed)
2. She considered the MP3 player I bought very precious.(\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed)
3. We all call him Wang old.(\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed)
\u542b\u6709\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u53e5\u53d8\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u53d8\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8f83\u591a\u3002
\u4e3b\u52a8\uff1aTom gave me a present on my birthday. \u6211\u751f\u65e5\u90a3\u5929\u6c64\u59c6\u9001\u6211\u4e00\u4ef6\u793c\u7269\u3002
\u88ab\u52a8\uff1aI was given a present by Tom on my birthday.
\u542b\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u5bbe\u8bed+\u5bbe\u8865\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u53e5\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u628a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u6539\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u3002\u5982\uff1a
We always keep the classroom clean. \u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6559\u5ba4\u6e05\u6d01\u3002
The classroom is always kept clean. \u6559\u5ba4\u603b\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u3002
\u4f60\u597d\uff01
\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u5373\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed
\uff0b
\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\u548c\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u5373\u5bbe\u8bed
\uff0b
\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u867d\u7136\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u5374\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u5145\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u6027\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u5145\u5f53\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3002\u800c\u5728\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u5145\u5f53\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8bcd\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3001\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09
\u548c\u5206\u8bcd
\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u3002
1.
\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u6709\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed
\uff0b
\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u662f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u8868\u793a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7d27\u8ddf\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I
gave
Jack
a
pen\u3002\u6211\u7ed9\u6770\u514b\u4e00\u652f\u7b14\u3002
\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u90fd\u53ef\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002
A
pen
was
given
to
Jack
by
me\uff0c
\u6216
Jack
was
given
a
pen
by
me\u3002
2.
\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u610f\u601d\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6216\u77ed\u8bed\u653e\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e4b\u540e\u6765\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u5bbe\u8bed+\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aWe
call
him
Jack
.
\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u4ed6\u6770\u514b\u3002
I
found
him
angry\u3002\u6211\u00b7\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u751f\u6c14\u4e86\u3002
\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u53ef\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8865\u8bed\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002
He
is
called
Jackby
us\u3002
He
was
found
angry
by
me\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff01
英语中,有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语）,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语.常用句型为：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语.如：
Give me a cup of tea,please.请给我一杯茶.
有时,间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面.如：
She passed him the salt.＝She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他.
Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.＝ Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary for her yesterday.昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典.
下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：
1.当直接宾语是人称代词（it／them）时.如：
The watch is Li Lei's.Please give it to him.这块手表是李雷的.请把它给他.
2.当强调间接宾语时.如：
Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭.
3.当间接宾语比直接宾语长时.如：
On the bus,he often gives his seat to an old person.在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人.
注：由to连接间接宾语的动词有：pass,give,show,tell,lend,take等；由for连接间接宾语的动词有：buy,cook,get,sing,make等.
二、复合宾语
英语中,有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整.宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语.常用句型为：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语.可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等.
1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call,name,think,make等.如：
We call them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼.
2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make,keep,think,find等.如：
At first I found Chinese hard.开始的时候,我发现汉语很难.
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况：
1）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell,want,ask,wish,teach等.如：
Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来.
2）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear,see,watch,let,make等.如：
He made us laugh.他使我们大笑.
3）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help.如：
She often helps her mother（to） do some housework.她经常帮母亲做家务活.
4.接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch,see,hear,find,keep等.如：
In the country,he can hear birds singing.在农村,他能听到鸟儿歌唱.
5.接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find,keep,take等.如：
The boy found his pen on the floor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔.
可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语.
含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时,有以下三种情形：
一、有些双宾动词(如award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell等)在变为被动语态时,既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关).比较：
He gave her some money.他给她一些钱.
→ She was given some money.
→Some money was given to him.
He bought her a watch.他给她买了一快表.
→ A watch was bought for her.
→She was bought a watch.
二、有些双宾动词(如bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语,而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：
Father made me a doll.
→ A doll was made for me.
He wrote her a letter.
→ A letter was written to her.
三、有些双宾动词(如answer,deny,envy,refuse,save,spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语,而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：
He answered me that question.
→ I was answered that question by him.
复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”,在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语.
例如：They heard her sing an English song at the party.
他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌.
改为：
She was heard singing an English song at the party. 这句中原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语,所有的这种情况都是这样变化.
绛旓細褰撲竴涓姩璇嶅悗闈㈢殑瀹捐鏄袱涓悕璇嶆椂 鏈夊彲鑳芥槸鍙屽璇 涔熸湁鍙兘鏄澶嶅悎瀹捐 涔熷氨鏄绗簩涓悕璇 鏈夊彲鑳芥槸鐩存帴瀹捐 涔熸湁鍙兘鏄璇ˉ瓒宠銆鍖哄埆鐨勫敮涓鏍囧織 灏辨槸鐪瀹捐鍜鍚庨潰鐨勫悕璇嶆槸鍚︽湁涓昏〃鍏崇郴 鏈変富琛ㄥ叧绯 灏辨槸瀹捐ˉ 娌℃湁涓昏〃鍏崇郴 灏辨槸鐩存帴瀹捐 濡 she will make him a good husband.she will make...
绛旓細涓銆鍙屽璇 鑻辫涓紝鏈変簺鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鍙帴涓や釜瀹捐锛堝弻瀹捐锛夛紝鍗虫寚浜虹殑闂存帴瀹捐鍜鎸囩墿鐨勭洿鎺ュ璇傚父鐢ㄥ彞鍨嬩负锛氫富璇紜鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝锛嬮棿鎺ュ璇紜鐩存帴瀹捐銆傚锛 Give me a cup of tea, please. 璇风粰鎴戜竴鏉尪銆 鏈夋椂锛岄棿鎺ュ璇篃鍙敼涓虹敱浠嬭瘝to鎴杅or寮曡捣鐨勭煭璇紝鏀惧湪鐩存帴瀹捐鐨鍚庨潰銆傚锛 She ...
绛旓細棣栧厛,寮勬竻涓涓蹇,澶嶅悎瀹捐缁撴瀯灏辨槸瀹捐鍔犲璇ˉ瓒宠缁撴瀯,涓嬮潰鍖哄埆鍙屽璇拰瀹捐琛ヨ冻璇.涓句緥璇存槑锛1銆両 give him a pen.杩欐槸鍙屽璇,璋撹give鍚庢湁涓や釜鎴愬垎,姝ゆ椂,him鏄棿鎺ュ璇,a pen 鏄洿鎺ュ璇.2銆両 call him David.杩欐槸澶嶅悎瀹捐锛堝嵆瀹捐鍔犲璇ˉ瓒宠锛夌粨鏋.姝ゆ椂,David灏辨槸琛ヨ冻璇.绠鍗曠殑鍒ゆ柇鏂规硶...
绛旓細澶嶅悎瀹捐缁撴瀯鍜鍙屽璇缁撴瀯鏈夌潃鏄庣‘鐨勫尯鍒銆傚叿浣撳氨鏄細鈶犲弻瀹捐缁撴瀯锛氬強鐗╁姩璇+闂存帴瀹捐锛堣〃绀轰汉锛+鐩存帴瀹捐 锛堟寚浠ｄ簨鐗╋級渚嬪锛欻e 銆恎ave me a book銆.=He gavea book to me.They銆 told us the news銆.=They told the news to us 鈶″鍚堝璇粨鏋勶細鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝+瀹捐锛堝悕璇嶃佷唬璇嶏級+瀹捐琛ヨ冻璇紙...
绛旓細鍙屽璇锛氭煇浜涘姩璇嶅悗鍙互甯︿袱涓璇紝渚嬪锛歡ive sb. sth.锛歡ive me an apple銆俶e鍜宎n apple閮芥槸give鐨勫璇傗滃璇+瀹捐琛ヨ冻璇濈粨鏋勶紝绉颁负鈥澶嶅悎瀹捐鈥濄傜敤涓枃鍏堢悊瑙ｄ竴涓嬶紝鈥滆鎴戣蛋鈥濓紝鈥滄垜鈥濇槸鈥滆鈥濈殑瀹捐锛涒滆蛋鈥濊繖涓姩浣滄槸瀹捐鈥滄垜鈥濆彂鍑虹殑锛岀О涓衡滃璇ˉ瓒宠鈥濄傛墍浠ワ紝鍦ㄢ滆鎴戣蛋鈥濊繖...
绛旓細1.灞炰簬5绉嶈嫳璇熀鏈彞鍨嬩腑鐨勨滀富+璋+瀹+瀹捐ˉ鈥濆瀷銆傚璇ˉ瓒宠锛氫綅浜庡璇箣鍚庡瀹捐浣滃嚭璇存槑鐨勬垚鍒嗐傚璇笌鍏惰ˉ瓒宠鏈夐昏緫涓婄殑涓昏皳鍏崇郴锛屽畠浠竴璧锋瀯鎴澶嶅悎瀹捐銆傦紙e.g.锛塗he war made him a soldier.鎴樹簤浣夸粬鎴愪负涓鍚嶆垬澹2.灞炰簬5绉嶈嫳璇熀鏈彞鍨嬩腑鐨勨滀富+璋+闂存帴瀹捐锛堝鎸囦汉锛+鐩存帴瀹捐锛堝鎸囩墿...
绛旓細棣栧厛锛屼粠鍔ㄨ瘝瑙掑害鍖哄垎锛鏈変簺鍔ㄨ瘝鍊惧悜浜庢帴鍙屽璇锛屽give, show, teach绛夛紝濡"The teacher gives each of them an eraser"锛岃繖绫诲姩璇嶇殑闂存帴瀹捐鍜鐩存帴瀹捐鍏崇郴鏉炬暎锛屽彲浠ユ浛鎹㈤『搴忋傝宭et, see, hear绛夊姩璇嶅父璺熷鍚堝璇锛屽"We must keep the classroom clean"锛屽鍚堝璇腑鐨勫璇ˉ瓒宠涓庡璇叧绯荤揣瀵...
绛旓細鍙屽璇鏄洿鎺ュ璇 鍔犱笂闂存帴瀹捐銆俥g:borrow sb sth 澶嶅悎瀹捐鏄腑鐨勭浜屼釜瀹捐瀵圭涓涓璇捣鍒颁竴涓В閲婅鏄庣殑浣滅敤銆俥g:They call them moocakes.涓璽hem鏄璇紝鑰宮oocakes鏄浜屼釜瀹捐銆備粬鍜岀涓涓璇棿瀛樺湪鍏崇郴锛宼hey are moocakes.閫氬父閮芥槸杩欐牱銆傚笇鏈涜兘甯埌浣狅紝鏈涢噰绾筹紒
绛旓細棣栧厛锛屽紕娓呬竴涓蹇锛屽鍚堝璇缁撴瀯灏辨槸瀹捐鍔犲璇ˉ瓒宠缁撴瀯锛屼笅闈鍖哄埆鍙屽璇拰瀹捐琛ヨ冻璇備妇渚嬭鏄庯細1銆両 give him a pen. 杩欐槸鍙屽璇紝璋撹give鍚庢湁涓や釜鎴愬垎锛屾鏃讹紝him鏄棿鎺ュ璇紝a pen 鏄洿鎺ュ璇2銆両 call him David. 杩欐槸澶嶅悎瀹捐锛堝嵆瀹捐鍔犲璇ˉ瓒宠锛夌粨鏋.姝ゆ椂锛孌avid灏辨槸琛ヨ冻璇傜畝...
绛旓細瀹捐浠庡彞閲屽彲浠ュ瓨鍦鍙屽璇拰澶嶅悎瀹捐锛渚嬪锛欻e said that he had told Tom the news. 杩欐槸鍙屽璇紱鍐嶅锛歋he said that she found it interesting to learn English.杩欐槸澶嶅悎瀹捐銆
