辛弃疾 美芹 辛弃疾《美芹十论》、《九议》不得用的原因

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铁板铜琶，继东坡高唱大江东去
美芹悲黍，冀南宋莫随鸿雁南飞

这是郭沫若为辛弃疾纪念祠题写的对联。上联“铁板铜琶”是一个典故，出自《历代诗余》所引宋代俞文豹《吹剑录》里评论苏词风格的话：东坡在玉堂日，有幕士善讴，因问：“我词比柳词如何?”对曰：“柳郎中词，只好于十七八女孩执红牙拍板，唱‘杨柳岸晓风残月’，学士词，须关西大汉、铜琵琶、铁绰板，唱‘大江东去’。”公为之绝倒。后来就演绎为“抱铜琵琶，执铁绰板”，形容豪放激越的文词。“玉堂”是宋代翰林院别称；“柳郎中”即当时词人柳永；“大江东去”是苏轼(念奴娇• 赤壁怀古》首句，后人多用“大江东去”代表苏轼的创作风格。辛弃疾继承了苏词豪放的特点，在创作中取得了较高的成就。
下联的“美芹悲黍”中的“芹”指芹菜。《列子• 扬朱》篇载：有人向同乡富豪赞美芹菜好吃，结果富豪吃了反倒嘴肿闹肚子。后人以“献芹”称所献之物菲薄，以示诚意。辛弃疾曾于1165年写论文10篇，又称《美芹十论》，陈述抗金救国、收复失地、统一中国的大计，“悲黍”，黍即小米，据史书记载，周室东迁后，周朝志士回到故都，见昔日宗庙夷为田地，黍苗丛生，便悲国家之颠覆，故《诗经》有《黍离》篇。“冀南宋莫随鸿雁南飞”，是说辛弃疾希望南宋小朝廷不要偏安江南一隅，而要立志收复失地，表示了他“男儿到死心如铁”(辛弃疾词《贺新郎》中的句子)的豪情壮志。

扩展阅读：辛弃疾《青玉案元夕》 ... 辛弃疾为什么称为美芹 ... 美芹悲黍冀南宋莫随鸿雁 ... 辛弃疾美芹先生 ... 辛弃疾《水龙吟》 ... 美芹十论第一篇 ... 铁板铜琶美芹悲黍 ... 辛弃疾《玉楼春》 ... 辛弃疾美芹十论名字由来 ...