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4\u3001\u540d\u79f0
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5\u3001\u90e8\u9996
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1\u3001\u8c61\u5f62
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2\u3001\u6307\u4e8b
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所谓的“十书”就是把甲骨文、篆文里的一些象形、指事、会意、形声字经过隶化、简化后其象形、指事、会意、形声不明显的字按现行的字形归类为笔画字、部件字、存意字、存音字。原来的形声字现在形存音废的叫存意字，如观，从见，又为部件；骤，从马，聚为部件；阻、租、祖、诅、组，分别从 、从禾、从示、从言、从 ，且为部件。原来的形声字现在音存形废的叫存音字，如宪，“ ”是部件，“先”为声旁。几部分都无音义的叫部件字，如归、冈、凤、鲁、常、尝、圣、更、今、尺、斥等；直接由笔画组成（不含偏旁、部 件）而无义可说的叫笔画字，如乡、寸、八、门等。一些原来是象形字或指事字，现在简化为部件字或笔画字，但是这些字的构字能力特别强，也要寻其字源，把字理给学生讲明白，有助于理解字词的意思。如寸，篆文为“ ”从又，又表示手，以寸为部件构成的字有寻、夺、尊、导、对、封等，这些字的意思都与手有关。如示，甲骨文象由石头砌起的“地神”之形，以示作部首的字有神、祖、祈、祷、祝、福、祥、社、礼、祚、祗、禄、禅等大多与求神拜佛有关，把示的字理告诉学生，帮助学生正确书写、理解这些字有事倍功半的效果。抓住了汉字的这些组构规律，就抓住了汉字的本质，也就抓住了识字教学的根本。
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