高中英语:为啥用were?

\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\uff1a\u4e3a\u5565\u7528were?

\u5e94\u8be5\u9009A\u5427\uff01 \u6839\u636e\u65f6\u6001\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053Frank \u5728London\uff0c\u800cwere\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0cbe \u4e00\u822c\u7528were\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u8bed\u5883\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01 \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14 \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14(Subjunctive Mood)\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u613f\u671b\u3001\u6000\u7591\u6216\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002 \u2160\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14 \u2488\u7528if\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u2460 \u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176if \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(be \u4e00\u822c\u7528were)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would/ should/ could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf I were in your position I would marry her. \u2461 \u865a\u62df\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0cif \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5373had\uff0b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should / could / might + have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. \u2462 \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u9887\u9ad8\u3002 \u2463 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002 \u2489 \u9664\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u865a\u5047\u6761\u4ef6\u5916\uff0cif\u4ece\u53e5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684if\u4ece\u53e5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002If\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u7528were to / should +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should /could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.\uff081996\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c44\u9898\uff09 \u248a \u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u542b\u6709\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001be\u6216have\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u8bcdif \u7701\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5c06had , should, were \u7b49\u8bcd\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784,\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0not\u7b49\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9700\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9891\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.\u2192Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. \u248b \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u8bcdwithout\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bedbut for\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u526f\u8bcdotherwise\u7b49\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aWe didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.\uff081995\u5e746\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c46\u9898\uff09\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u542bbut for\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5305\u542bwithout\u7b49\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u672a\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002 \u248c \u6709\u65f6\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8574\u542b\u5728\u7528but\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6709\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a0\u4e0a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684but\u4ece\u53e5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u590d\u5408\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002 \u2161\u7528\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14 \u2488 \u5728\u8868\u793a\u613f\u671b\u7684\u52a8\u8bcdwish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\uff08wish\u540e\u7684that \u5e38\u7701\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u65f6\u6001\u76f8\u5e94\u9000\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHow she wished his family could go with him. \u2489 \u5728\u5177\u6709\u613f\u671b\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide \u2026) \u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528(should) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcdnot\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aThe head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982suggest\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u6697\u793a\u201d\uff0cinsist\u8868\u793a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHer pale face suggests that she is ill.\u6216He insisted that he did not kill the boy. \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f0f \u2460\u5728It is+\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u6240\u8ddf\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. \u2461 \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. \u2462 \u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\uff1aThe workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. \u248a would \uff08had\uff09rather , would sooner\u4e5f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3b\u89c2\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aI would rather he went right now. \u2162\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14 \u2488 it is +necessary\u7b49\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\uff0cthat\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5305\u62ecnecessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable\u7b49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.\u6216\u8005It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. \u2489\u5728It's (high/about) time \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is high time that you went to school \u248a \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728as if / as though \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0ewish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHe felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002 \u248b\u5728lest \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u591a\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c(should )+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.\uff081998\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c38\u9898\uff09 \u248c\u5728if only \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002

both\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u662f8\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u4e3aall
\u6709\u516b\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002

应该选A吧! 根据时态他原来不知道Frank 在London,而were这里是虚拟语气的一种表达。虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,be 一般用were。以下是虚拟语气的用法,主要是结合语境分析。希望对你有帮助!

虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

这是
with的复合结构

伴随/原因
状语
his
goal是介词宾语
set是过去分词
作介词宾语的宾补
如果
用as
后面应该跟句子
as
引导原因状语从句
应该是
as
he
sets
his
goal,或as
his
goal
is
set

这个是高中的一道经典例题啊!首先这个动作发生在过去“我没想到你也在伦敦”是我以前没有想到,现在我看到你了,大家都知道了,所以这个动作已经发生过了。根据语法也可以讲得通,你看前面主句中的谓语动词是过去时,根据名词从句规则,前后要保持一致所以就用were了。楼上有位虚拟语气是胡绉的吧!

were是过去时啊,你要看看语境,他们两正在说话,就是说他们没有离开伦敦咯。所以用现在时

虚拟语气

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    绛旓細鑻辫涓湁涓夌璇皵:闄堣堪璇皵,鐤戦棶璇皵,铏氭嫙璇皵銆 铏氭嫙璇皵瀹氫箟:铏氭嫙璇皵琛ㄧず鎵璇寸殑璇濆彧鏄竴绉嶄富瑙傛効鏈涖佸亣璁炬垨寤鸿绛夈 铏氭嫙璇皵鐨勫涔犻噸鐐: 1. 铏氭嫙璇皵鐨勫湪鏉′欢鍙ヤ腑鐨勫熀鏈敤娉曞拰鍥涗釜鍩烘湰鎯呮佸姩璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶銆 2. 铏氭嫙璇皵鐨勫掕銆(if鐪佺暐,鏉′欢鍙ヤ腑涓湁had, should, were)銆 3. 涓ょ閿欑患铏氭嫙璇皵銆 4. 鍚搫鏉′欢...
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    绛旓細鈶″湪鐜颁唬鑻辫涓璱f鏉′欢鐘朵笌浠庡彞涓殑璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝濡傛灉鏄痓e鍏惰繃鍘诲舰寮忎竴鑸鐢╳ere. 铏氭嫙璇皵鐨勯棶棰樿嫳璇腑铏氭嫙璇皵鎬庝箞鐢 瀵硅繃鍘诲亣璁:浠庡彞鐢ㄨ繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂,涓诲彞鐢╳ould/should/could/might+have+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝.瀵圭幇鍦ㄥ亣璁:浠庡彞鐢ㄨ繃鍘绘椂(be鍔ㄨ瘝鐢╳ere),涓诲彞鐢╳ould/should/could/might+鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷瀷.瀵瑰皢鏉ュ亣璁:浠庡彞鐢ㄨ繃鍘绘椂/were+to do/...
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    绛旓細74锛屾槸涓渷鐣ュ彞锛寃as asked 鍒版槸鍙互銆75锛屽氨鍙兘鏍规嵁璇璇剰浜嗭紝濡傛灉鎴戜滑鍒伴偅浜嗭紝鎴戣鍋氱殑绗竴浠朵簨灏辨槸鍒疯溅銆俠efore锛屼笉鍚堥
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