请问现在完成时与过去完成时的区别与用法 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
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(1)\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb,\u73b0\u5728\u521a\u521a\u5b8c\u6210.
(2)\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb,\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5f71\u54cd.
(3)\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb,\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u7ed3\u675f.
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb.
\u5148\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b
http://218.68.217.190:8080/9NJI/xuekesucai/ying/qubie.doc
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I have known him for three years.\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4e09\u5e74\u4e86\u3002
I had known him when I was a student.
\u6211\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002
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I have finished my experiment.
\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5b8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e86\u3002
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By six o''clock\uff0cI had finished my experiment.
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\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4six o''clock\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5b8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff09
\u6ce8\u610f
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\u5fc5\u80cc\uff01
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How long\u591a\u4e45\u2026\u2026 How often\u591a\u4e45\u4e00\u6b21 How far\u591a\u8fdc\u2026\u2026
\uff08\u53ea\u6307\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09 \uff08\u6307\u9891\u7387\uff09 \uff08\u6307\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09
How soon How many times
\uff08\u6307\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff09 \uff08\u6307\u6b21\u6570\uff09
从结构上区别
现在完成时:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (肯定式)
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 (否定式)
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式)
过去完成时:主语 + had + 过去分词 (肯定式)
主语 +had + not + 过去分词 (否定式)
Had + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式)
从时间状语区别
现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 "now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet,
just, recently…etc".
过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 "by, at, before等构成的短语".
注意:当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语.
例如:Have you had your lunch yet
你吃午饭了吗
Yes, I have . I've just had it.
是的,我刚吃完.
I have had a clock now.
我现在有一个闹钟了.
Have you already posted the photos
你把照片寄走了吗
The meeting had begun when we got there.
我们到那儿时,会议已经开始了.
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词.
They had done the work at five o'clock.
在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作.
I've known Li Lei for three years.
我认识李蕾已经三年了.
I have worked here since ten years ago.
自从十年前我就在这工作.
We had not heard from him since we left here.
自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信.
They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.
这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了.
使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意:
1." have/ has got "形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 "有".
例如:Have you got a pen-friend
你有笔友吗
Yes, I have.
是的,我有.
Has he got a lot of work to do
他有许多工作要做吗
No, he hasn't.
不,他没有.
2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调"去而未归"; have/ has been to 强调"去而归还". have/ has
been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可.例如:
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing
杰克去过北京吗
— Yes, he's been there several times.
是的,他去过好几次了.
— Where have Mary and Tom gone
玛丽和汤姆去哪里了
— They've gone to London.
他们去伦敦了.
3.非延续性动词不能用于"现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语"的句型中.
这类动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等.但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词.例如:
arrive, come → be here, be in
begin, start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish, end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in , be a + 名词
leave, move → be away, be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意:
如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时.例如:
When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌.
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子.
我是英语老师，我来简明扼要、浅显易懂地教你怎么选用一般过去时和现在完成时，好吗？
这两种时态学生很容易混淆，因为它们据描述的动作都是过去发生的。那么我们应当怎么去区别开它们呢？就是：看所给句子有无表“过去”的时间！
有表“过去”的时间就用一般过去时，否则常用现在完成时！
1.一般过去时表示说话人关心过去某动作发生的“时间”，所以往往有表过去的时间！如有two days ago, last week, yesterday等等。
He came here two years ago.
We played basketball last week.
2. 现在完成时用法：
(1)现在完成时表示说话人关心过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果。不关心动作发生的时间，只关心动作之后所产生的结果，所以不会出现动作发生的时间！常和这些不是表过去的时间连用,如just,ever等等。
I have just cleaned the classroom.(结果是：地面变干净了！)
He has ever read the book. (结果是：知晓书中的内容了！)
你给的“我过去曾经考过托福考试”，就应该用现在完成时，表示结果：“见过了，知晓它试题的样式了”：
I have ever taken part in TOEFL.
（2）现在完成时表示过去发生某动作从过去一直持续到现在（将来还有可能继续下去）。常和for＋时间段和since＋时间点连用。
I have studied English for 3 years.( 从过去持续到现在)
I have taught here since I came here.( 主句的动作“教”从过去持续到现在)，（记住：since（从……）从句的动作要用过去时，我们平时不是爱说“从过去”吗？）
3.综合运用 （我希望你能背住这些经典段了！）
（1）假设今天该你扫地，放学后你的班主任问你了：
T: Have you cleaned the classroom? （老师关心动作的结果：地干净否）
S: Yes,I have.
T: Oh,really? When did you clean it ?（老师关心动作的时间，用过去时）
S: I cleaned it 5 minutes ago.
（2）I came here two years ago.(有过去的时间ago，用进去时)
So I have been here for two years .(“在这里”是从过去持续到现在，还有for＋时间段，该用完成时。这里还应注意：瞬间动词变延续性动词了！)
一般过去时与过去完成时
它们的主要区别在于：一般过去时一般只出现一个表过去的时间，而过去完成时则应出现两个表过去的、有先后时间或动作！
1. 一般过去时表示说话人关心过去某动作发生的“时间”，所以往往有表过去的时间！如有two days ago, last week, yesterday等等。
He came here two years ago.
We played basketball last week.
2.过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作，一定要注意这点哟！
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！)
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.
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绛旓細杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃朵笌鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐨勫尯鍒細1銆杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃剁殑鍔ㄤ綔鍙戠敓鍦ㄨ繃鍘伙紝浣嗘槸鏃堕棿鍙傜収鐐规槸杩囧幓鐨勬煇涓鏃堕棿銆2銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐨勫姩浣滃彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓锛屼絾鏄椂闂村弬鐓х偣鏄幇鍦ㄣ備緥鍙ワ細1.I have lived in Thailand for five years. (鎴戠洰鍓嶅湪娉板浗宸茬粡浣忎簡浜斿勾浜)銆...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃朵笌杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃剁殑鍖哄埆 瀛︾敓寰寰鍦ㄥ垵瀛︾幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鍜岃繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂鎰熷埌姣旇緝瀹规槗鎺屾彙锛屼絾鍦ㄥ疄闄呰繍鐢ㄤ腑鍗撮毦浠ュ噯纭妸鎻°傜┒鍏跺師鍥 涓昏鏄涓よ呯殑 鍖哄埆璁よ瘑涓嶆竻銆備笅闈㈠皢涓よ呯殑 鍖哄埆姒傛嫭鎬荤粨濡備笅锛 锛堜竴锛変粠姒傚康涓婂尯鍒細1锛夌幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂琛ㄧず杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨勬煇涓鍔ㄤ綔瀵圭幇鍦ㄩ犳垚鐨勭粨鏋滄垨褰卞搷锛屼篃鍙寚杩囧幓寮濮 寤剁画鍒...
绛旓細1銆佹槸鍚﹀鐜板湪鏈夊奖鍝 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃惰〃绀哄姩浣滃彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓锛屼絾涓庣幇鍦ㄦ湁鍏崇郴锛屽嵆鐢ㄤ竴涓彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓鐨勫姩浣滄潵璇存槑鐜板湪鐨勬儏鍐碉紝瀵圭幇鍦ㄨ繕鏈夌潃涓瀹氱殑褰卞搷銆傝杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃鍙傚悎琛ㄧず鍦ㄨ繃鍘绘煇涓娈垫椂闂存垨鍔ㄤ綔浠ュ墠宸茬粡瀹屾垚鐨勫姩浣滐紝涓嶈皥鍙婂鐜板湪鐨勫奖鍝嶃2銆佺粨鏋勪笂鐨勪笉鍚 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁殑缁撴瀯涓猴細涓昏 + have / has + 杩囧幓...
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绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃锛氳繃鍘诲彂鐢熶笖瀵圭幇鍦ㄦ湁褰卞搷鐨勪簨鎯呫傚苟鍙兘杩樺湪缁х画鍙戠敓鐫 杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃锛氳繃鍘绘煇涓椂闂寸偣涔嬪墠宸茬粡鍙戠敓涓斿杩囧幓鏌愪釜鏃堕棿鐐规湁褰卞搷.宸茬粡鍋滄鍙戠敓銆備緥锛欼 have lived here since January.鑷竴鏈堜唤浠ユ潵, 鎴戜竴鐩翠綇鍦ㄨ繖閲屻 锛堣繃鍘诲彂鐢燂紝浣嗗鐜板湪鏈夊奖鍝嶏紝骞跺彲鑳戒竴鐩存寔缁笅鍘伙級He had seen her only once...
绛旓細3銆佸湪told锛宻aid锛宬new锛宧eard锛宼hought绛夊姩璇嶅悗鐨勫璇粠鍙ワ紝鐢ㄨ繃鍘绘椂銆係he said (that) she had never been to Paris.4銆佸湪杩囧幓涓嶅悓鏃堕棿鍙戠敓鐨勪袱涓姩浣滀腑锛屽彂鐢熷湪鍏堬紝鐢ㄨ繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂锛涘彂鐢熷湪鍚庯紝鐢ㄤ竴鑸繃鍘绘椂銆俉hen the police arrived, the thieves had run away.杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃朵笌涓鑸杩囧幓鏃剁殑鍖哄埆 1...
绛旓細娉ㄦ剰锛氬綋琛ㄧず涓娈垫椂闂 锛鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃跺拰杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃閮藉彲浠ョ敤for 鎴杝ince寮曞鐨 鐘惰銆 渚嬪锛欻ave you had your lunch yet? 浣犲悆鍗堥キ浜嗗悧锛 Yes, I have . I鈥檝e just had it. 鏄殑 锛屾垜鍒氬悆瀹屻 I have had a clock now. 鎴戠幇鍦ㄦ湁涓涓椆閽熶簡銆 Have you already posted the photos? 浣...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃讹細have/has + done 杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃: had + done 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃舵湁涓ょ鎰忔 涓.鍔ㄤ綔鍙戠敓鍦ㄨ繃鍘伙紝瀵圭幇鍦ㄦ湁褰卞搷,鏈夌粨鏋.渚:I have finished homework.鎴戝仛瀹屼綔涓氫簡銆(鏍囧織璇:already,just,before,yet,ever,never)浜.鍔ㄤ綔鍙戠敓鍦ㄨ繃鍘,鎸佺画鍒扮幇鍦.渚:I have been a teacher since 1996.鎴戜粠1996骞村氨...
