请问哪里有Howard.Hughes的人物传记 侯活晓士 Howard Hughes

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Howard Hughes' father, Howard Hughes Sr., made his fortune by designing a drill bit that could drill through hard rock. Before this new bit, oil drillers weren't able to reach the large pockets of oil lying beneath the hard rock. Howard Hughes Sr. and a colleague established the Sharp-Hughes Tool Company which held the patent for the new drill bit, manufactured the bit, and leased the bit to oil
Though he grew up in a wealthy household, Howard Hughes Jr. had difficulty focusing on school and changed schools often. Rather than sitting in a classroom, Hughes preferred to learn by tinkering with mechanical things. For instance, when his mother forbade him from having a motorcycle, he built one by building a motor and adding it to his bicycle. Hughes was a loner in his youth; with one notable exception, Hughes never really had any friends.

When Hughes was just 16-years old, his doting mother passed away. And then not even two years later, his father also suddenly passed away. Howard Hughes received 75% of his father's million-dollar estate; the other 25% went to relatives.

Hughes immediately disagreed with his relatives over the running of Hughes Tool Company but being only 18-years old, Hughes could not do anything about it because he would not legally be considered an adult until age 21. Frustrated but determined, Hughes went to court and got a judge to grant him legal adulthood. He then bought out his relatives' shares of the company. At age 19, Hughes became full owner of the company and also got married (to Ella Rice).

In 1925, Hughes and his wife decided to move to Hollywood and spend some time with Hughes' uncle, Rupert, who was a screenwriter. Hughes quickly became enchanted with movie making. Hughes jumped right in and filmed Swell Hogan but quickly realized it wasn't good so he never released it. Learning from his mistakes, Hughes continued making movies. His third, Two Arabian Knights won an Oscar.

With one success under his belt, Hughes wanted to make an epic about aviation and set to work on Hell's Angels. It became his obsession. His wife, tired of being neglected, divorced him. Hughes continued making films, producing over 25 of them.

In 1932, Hughes had a new obsession -- aviation. He formed the Hughes Aircraft Company and bought several airplanes and hired numerous engineers and designers. He wanted a quicker, faster plane. He spent the rest of the 1930s setting new speed records. In 1938, he flew around the world, breaking Wiley Post's record. Though Hughes was given a ticker-tape parade on his arrival in New York, he was already showing signs of wanting to shun the public spotlight.

In 1944, Hughes won a government contract to design a large, flying boat that could carry both people and supplies to the war in Europe. The "Spruce Goose," the largest plane ever constructed, was flown successfully in 1947 and then never flown again. Hughes' company also developed a chain feeder for the machine guns on bombers and later built helicopters.

By the mid-1950s, Hughes' dislike of being a public figure began to severely affect his life. Though he married actress Jean Peters in 1957, he began to avoid public appearances. He traveled for a bit, then in 1966 he moved to Las Vegas, where he holed himself up in the Desert Inn Hotel. When the hotel threatened to evict him, he purchased the hotel. He also bought several other hotels and property in Las Vegas. For the next several years, hardly a single person saw Hughes. He had become so reclusive that he nearly never left his hotel suite.

In 1970, Hughes' marriage ended and he left Las Vegas. He moved from one country to another and died in 1976, aboard an airplane, while traveling from Acapulco, Mexico to Houston, Texas. Hughes had become such a hermit in his last years that no one was sure it was really Hughes that had died, so the Treasury Department had to use fingerprints to confirm the death of billionaire Howard Hughes.


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The majority of Americans (2 out of 3) don\u2019t have a will, according to a study done by ConsumerReports. So, what happens to the property of all those people who die without a will? Well, Utah (and most every state) has \u201cintestate\u201d laws that say who gets a person\u2019s property if the person died without a will. What if you don\u2019t agree with what the law says? Too bad. What if you have no idea what the law says? Doesn\u2019t matter. Think it\u2019ll be okay if you just tell people what you want done with your property? Sorry, the laws\u2014and not your unwritten wishes\u2014control, even if everyone knew what your wishes were.

\u201cEstates without wills are almost always more difficult, complicated and expensive than those with one,\u201d write legacy expert attorneys Andrew and Danielle Mayoras. So, why are so many people willing to just leave the outcome of their legacy up to the laws of the state\u2014especially when it usually takes a greater emotional and financial toll on their loved ones? I have my list of theories, and towards the top of that list is, \u201cFear.\u201d

It\u2019s not exactly easy to broach the subject of death and incapacity without sounding morbid. I mean, really, how do you bring up a topic of conversation like that? \u201cHey, Dad, as long as we\u2019re all here celebrating your 60th birthday, we\u2019d like to talk about who gets yours and Mom\u2019s stuff when you guys finally croak.\u201d Or maybe, \u201cHoney, now that we\u2019ve got some alone time away from the 5 kids, let\u2019s start this romantic evening off right and talk about what we\u2019d want to happen in case one or both of us unexpectedly dies or becomes disabled. How\u2019s that sound?\u201d Facing our own or a loved one\u2019s mortality is stomach-churning, and although it\u2019s easy to be flippant about these issues in a hypothetical, the devastating consequences to families are all too real.

So, how can you bring up these sensitive subjects without seeming insensitive? In their book, Trial and Heirs: Famous Fortune Fights\u2026And What You Can Learn From Celebrity Errors, the Mayoras suggest using celebrity estate planning stories as conversation starters. I\u2019ll admit that I enjoy shaking my head in disbelief at the celebrity headlines in the grocery checkout. C\u2019mon, you do too. Can you believe that Brad wants to remarry Jennifer, and is Lindsay Lohan really back in rehab again? Our interest in celebrities\u2019 lives can actually help you approach some difficult subjects in a non-threatening way. Here\u2019s one story to get you started\u2026.

In December 1967, Melvin Dummar, a gas station operator, discovered a dirty, unshaven man lying on the side of a stretch of U.S. Highway 95 about 150 miles north of Las Vegas. The man asked Dummar to take him to Vegas, and in the final minutes of their encounter the man revealed himself as Howard Hughes, the richest man alive at the time.

Eight years later, Howard Hughes died on April 5, 1976. Originally, court documents were filed stating that Hughes had died without a will (i.e., intestate), and Hughes\u2019 distant relatives\u2014cousins and uncles well removed\u2014were the only heirs of his $2.5 billion estate.

But then a three-page handwritten document mysteriously surfaced on a desk at the Salt Lake City headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The document, supposedly written by Hughes in 1968, came to be known as the \u201cMormon Will,\u201d and included gifts of 1/16th of Hughes\u2019 estate (worth a cool $156 million) to Melvin Dummar and 1/16th to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Hughes\u2019 heirs quickly challenged the document as a forgery. The case went to trial in 1978 before a Las Vegas jury. Dummar initially claimed he knew nothing about the will but changed his story when his fingerprint was found on the envelope that contained the will. He then said that a well-dressed man had delivered the will to him and instructed him to deliver the will to the church headquarters. Investigation also revealed that Dummar\u2019s wife had worked for a magazine called Millionaire, and that her job had allowed her access to Hughes\u2019 memos and signature.

Not surprisingly, the jury found the purported will was invalid. The moral of the story? The Mayoras say, \u201cWhether or not Dummar told the truth, one thing is clear\u2014the richest man alive could have easily prevented this drama with a proper will, prepared by an attorney. That way, there would have been no question about Hughes\u2019 true wishes. \u2026There is no reason to rely on this type of shortcut when it is so easy to prepare a will the right way.\u201d

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1938\u5e74\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u7684William P. Hobby\u673a\u573a\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u573a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6539\u56de\u4e86\u539f\u540d\u3002

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1938\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u597d\u83b1\u575e\u7279\u6280\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7684\u8de8\u5927\u9646\u53ca\u897f\u90e8\u822a\u7a7aTranscontinental and Western Air (T&WA)\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u7ba1William John Frye\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u627933\u5ea7\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3307 \u578b\u5ba2\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba2\u673a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u589e\u538b\u4ed3\u7684\u5ba2\u673a\u3002William John Frye\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u8bf4\u540c\u6837\u4e3a\u822a\u7a7a\u524d\u536b\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u800c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5219\u6210\u4e3aT&WA\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c T&WA\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\uff0cT&WA\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u8de8\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u7a7aTrans World Airlines\u3002

\u4f11\u65af\u98de\u884c\u5668

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\u4f11\u65af\u7535\u6c14\u4e0e1994\u5e74\u63a8\u51faDirectTV\u3002DirectTV\u4e0e\u4f11\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u88ab\u65b0\u95fb\u96c6\u56e2\u6536\u8d2d\u30022006\u5e74SkyTerra\u901a\u8baf\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u4f11\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf100%\u7684\u63a7\u80a1\u6743\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5386\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u8d2d\uff0c\u4f11\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u3002

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\u4f11\u65af\u822a\u5929\u4e0e\u901a\u8baf\u516c\u53f8

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2000\u5e74\uff0c\u4f11\u65af\u822a\u5929\u4e0e\u901a\u8baf\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u6ce2\u97f3\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u97f3\u536b\u661f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\u7a7a\u96be

1946\u5e747\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u8bd5\u98deXF-11\u65f6\u98de\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u5760\u6bc1\u4e8e\u8d1d\u5f17\u5229\u5c71\u5e84\u3002\u98de\u673a\u649e\u6bc1\u4e86\u4e09\u680b\u623f\u5c4b\u5e76\u5f15\u71c3\u5927\u706b\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u53d7\u4f24\u540e\u88ab\u521a\u597d\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u9646\u6218\u961f\u519b\u58eb\u957fWilliam L. Durkin\u6551\u51fa\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e8b\u6545\u4e2d\u6298\u65ad\u4e86\u9886\u9aa8\u516d\u6839\u808b\u9aa8\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u4e09\u5ea6\u70e7\u4f24\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u6cbb\u7597\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5417\u5561\u548c\u6b62\u75bc\u836f\u5bfc\u81f4\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u540e\u6765\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u763e\u3002\u4ed6\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u80e1\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e8b\u6545\u540e\u4e3a\u4e86\u906e\u76d6\u4e0a\u5507\u7684\u4f24\u75a4\u800c\u7559\u7684\u3002

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\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8bf4\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u5403\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u5403\u7684\u8c46\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u8c46\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u975e\u5e38\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53c9\u5b50\u628a\u8c46\u5b50\u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u518d\u5403\u3002\u5728\u62cd\u6444The Outlaw\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5bf9Jane Russell\u7684\u8863\u670d\u7684\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6267\u7740\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u8863\u670d\u4e0a\u7684\u8936\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e86Jane Russell\u7684\u4e73\u5934\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7ed9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002

\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u9690\u5c45\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u9501\u5728\u9ed1\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u53eb\u968f\u5230\u7684\u7406\u53d1\u5e08\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u6bcf\u5e74\u624d\u526a\u4e00\u6b21\u5934\u53d1\u548c\u6307\u7532\u3002\u5728\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u9ad8\u4ef7\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5f88\u5c11\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u75c5\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u542c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u6469\u95e8\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6469\u95e8\u6559\u5f92\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5bf9\u53ef\u5f85\u56e0\uff0c\u5b89\u5b9a\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u865a\u5f31\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4f20\u8bb0\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7528\u725b\u5976\u74f6\u88c5\u5c3f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u7eb8\u5dfe\u76d2\u505a\u978b\u3002\u4f46\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u4ed6\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u9a6c\u6876\u6f0f\u6c34\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u7eb8\u5dfe\u76d2\u505a\u978b\u4ee5\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u62ff\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u57ab\u4e0a\u7eb8\u5dfe\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ed6\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5f88\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u6885\u6bd2\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u671f\u6885\u6bd2\u9636\u6bb5\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\u957f\u4e86\u5c0f\u6c34\u75b1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u544a\u8beb\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u540c\u522b\u4eba\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u522b\u4eba\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u7ec8\u751f\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u8fd8\u66fe\u7ecf\u70e7\u6bc1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u5bb3\u6015\u6885\u6bd2\u7ec6\u83cc\u4f1a\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8863\u7269\u4e2d\u3002

\u665a\u5e74

\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u8001\u5e74\u4ece\u8d1d\u5f17\u5229\u5c71\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6709\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u5e76\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d4c\u573a\u5927\u4ea8\u30021966\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86Desert Inn\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u996d\u5e97\u7684\u7b2c8\u5c42\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c9\u5c42\u5219\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002

\u4ece1966\u52301968\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u9ed1\u624b\u515a\u624b\u4e2d\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86Castaways, New Frontier, The Landmark Hotel and Casino, Sands\u548cSilver Slipper\u7b49\u51e0\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u996d\u5e97\u548c\u8d4c\u573a\uff0c\u4f7f\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u9ed1\u624b\u515a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\u9ed1\u5e2e\u52a0\u5993\u5973\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7f\u7740\u6b63\u88c5\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6234\u7740\u73e0\u5b9d\u7a7f\u7740\u76ae\u8349\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5973\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4e00\u8f86\u8c6a\u534e\u8f66\u91cc\u9762\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5931\u7720\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u51e0\u5bb6\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u5730\u65b9\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u51cc\u6668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4ed6\u60f3\u770b\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u3002

\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5916\u4eba\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6469\u95e8\u9ed1\u624b\u515a\u201d\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u638c\u7ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u9664\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u6ee1\u8db3\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u60f3\u5403Baskin Robbins' \u7684\u9999\u8549\u575a\u679c\u53e3\u5473\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662fBaskin Robbins' \u5df2\u7ecf\u505c\u4ea7\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e3\u5473\u7684\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\uff0c\u201c\u6469\u95e8\u9ed1\u624b\u515a\u201d\u4e8e\u662f\u6309\u7167Baskin Robins' \u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u4e13\u95e8\u5b9a\u8d2d\u4e86350\u52a0\u4ed1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u51e0\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u5403\u9999\u8549\u575a\u679c\u53e3\u5473\u4e86\u3002\u7ed3\u679cDesert Inn\u5411\u5176\u8d4c\u573a\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u514d\u8d39\u53d1\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u9999\u8549\u575a\u679c\u53e3\u5473\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\u3002

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u52a0\u65af\u7684\u5927\u4ea8\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u5185\u534e\u8fbe\u53c8\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6838\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u8fd8\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edfLyndon B. Johnson \u548c Richard Nixon\u6bcf\u4eba1\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u505c\u6b62\u5728\u5185\u534e\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u7684\u53bb\u884c\u8d3f\u800c\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6Lyndon B. Johnson\u62d2\u7edd\u53d7\u8d3f\uff0c\u800c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002

1971\u5e74Jean Peters\u4ee5\u4e24\u4eba\u5206\u5c45\u5f88\u4e45\u4e3a\u7531\u7533\u8bf7\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002Jean Peters\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e747\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ec8\u751f\u8d61\u517b\u8d39\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u6309\u7167\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u60f3\u7ed9Jean Peters100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662fPeters\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u3002\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u8bf4\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8fc7Peters\u7684\u574f\u8bdd\u3002Peters\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u8c08\u8bba\u5979\u548c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bf4\u5979\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u79bb\u5a5a\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53c8\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u4ec5\u4ec5\u540c\u5979\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\u3002Peters\u8fd8\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u3002

1972\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6Clifford Irving\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u5c06\u901a\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5408\u4f5c\u4e00\u90e8\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u81ea\u4f20\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u81ea\u4f20\u3002\u6700\u7ec8Clifford Irving\u7531\u4e8e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u88ab\u5173\u4e8614\u4e2a\u6708\u76d1\u72f1\u3002

\u6b7b\u4ea1

1976\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\uff0c70\u5c81\u7684\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u5728\u4ece\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u4f4f\u5904\u53bb\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u7684\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u662f\u5728\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6020\u6162\u4f7f\u5176\u9762\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8ba4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8FBI\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6307\u7eb9\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5176\u662f\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u3002

\u5c38\u4f53\u89e3\u5256\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6b7b\u4e8e\u80be\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5176\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u81f4\u547d\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u5f85\u56e0\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u5176\u80f3\u818a\u4e0a\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6298\u65ad\u7684\u9488\u5934\u3002\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u60a3\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u3002

\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u846c\u4e8e\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u7684Glenwood\u516c\u5893\u3002

  Howard.Hughes
  霍华德·休斯无疑是世界航空史上的一个传奇,他的自负蛮横,他的热情冒险,他是一个谜,就像他所热爱的飞机事业一样,让人可望而不可及。直到今天,好莱坞很多人还把他当作一个冒险家,一个不可捉摸的人。一直以来,包括华伦·比提、尼古拉斯·凯奇、金·凯瑞、爱德华·诺顿以及约翰尼·迪普等在内的一些红星都曾把这个角色视为最大目标,现在传来的消息是,莱昂纳多很可能成为这个冒险家的扮演者,有望和名导演合作,将休斯丰富多采的一生展现在大家面前。

  父母双亡的疤面孤儿

  1905年12月24日,霍华德·休斯出生于美国德克萨斯州的休斯敦,他的父亲是个石油投机商。老休斯做石油生意没有赚到钱,后来,他从一个朋友那里买下了一种新型的钻井机械。这种钻井机具有特殊的空气压缩式回转锥,可以穿透坚硬的岩层,这对于石油开采业有着巨大的意义。为此,他成立了“休斯工具公司”,专门生产这种钻井机,并获得了巨大利润。小休斯就是正当父亲的事业发达的时候出世的,他是独子。

  少年时代的休斯非常害羞孤僻,也非常厌学,但却对机械很感兴趣,从小学到中学转学7次,也没有拿到高中毕业证。1922年,母亲因麻醉失败死在手术台上更给休斯以沉重的打击,以致他以后对药物有异乎常人的敏感反应。两年后,老休斯也死于心脏麻痹,享年54岁。他留下的资产约合75万美元。当时休斯只有18岁。

  父亲的葬礼之后,财产成了瞩目的焦点。虽然他已经18岁,有了继承权,但亲友们认为他尚未成年,应该选出一个监护人来督导他。为此法院来征求休斯的意见,这时的休斯一改往日的羞涩和腼腆,据理力争,不仅取消了监护人,而且用银行的贷款买了亲戚应得的财产,成为父亲公司惟一的股东,同时他断绝了与亲友的所有联系,他说:“我不需要亲戚,他们只会令我心烦!在这个世界上,惟有我自己最可靠。”

  此时,洛杉矶附近发现了新的油矿,休斯公司的钻井机成了抢手货,但休斯却对此没有一点兴趣,他不想成为石油大王,却对拍电影产生了很大的兴趣。

  可他最初踏入电影界就栽了个不大不小的跟头。他投资拍的第一部片子叫《花花公子荷根》,这是上了一个声名狼藉的演员劳夫·格雷普斯的当,由那人自导自演,结果一败涂地,没有人要那部片子。休斯赔了8万美元。

  但休斯不甘心失败,又开始筹划第二部电影。这次,他选中了一个叫《阿拉伯之夜》的剧本,是一部滑稽喜剧。虽然起用的演员没有名气,但却大获全胜,试演后,全美第一的里波利剧院就提出长期放映的要求,这是史无前例的。1929年,《阿拉伯之夜》获第二届奥斯卡最佳喜剧片奖。

  但休斯并不满足,因为没过多久,观众已经对喜剧和打打杀杀的枪战不感兴趣了,必须拿出新的题材来。休斯想起了童年对机械的热爱,想起了自己一向喜欢的飞机,于是,他构思了一个新的电影《地狱天使》,讲的是飞行员兄弟和美女三角恋爱的故事,这里面有速度,有爱情,还有争吵,可以保证绝对卖座。

  休斯对导演说:“一定要用真的飞机,拍成比实战还要刺激的空中大战。……买法国空军的战斗机,德国的……”导演简直要惊呆了,这要花多少钱啊!仅仅飞机费用便高达210万元,这是疯子才干的事情!用模型就可以完成的事情,为什么要用真的实物呢?为此,导演辞去职务,不干了。

  年仅22岁的休斯决定自己来当导演,这次拍摄的规模是空前的,租用了87架飞机,其中有法国的斯巴达战斗机、英国的SE5战斗机、骆驼号轰炸机、德国的佛克战斗机,还有飞行员135名,临时演员2000名;摄影师人数之多几乎占好莱坞摄影师总数的一半。美国电影界都为之震动。

  在拍摄过程中,他又突发奇想:要拍德国齐柏林号飞艇袭击伦敦,要将真的飞机在空中击落。他认为这样才能使观众感到刺激。

  他的朋友和同事企图阻止这疯狂般的举动,但休斯毫不在乎:“是的,就买那种飞艇,然后让它轰轰烈烈地爆炸燃烧。没关系,就这样做。”

  拍摄俯冲轰炸场面时,他要求飞行员从距地面30米高处冲下去,撞在地面上爆炸燃烧。飞行员没有一个人愿意干,谁都知道这是拿自己的命开玩笑。

  没有人愿意冒这个险,休斯说:“我来飞给你们看!”

  他真的上了飞机,而且他的确没有来得及跳出来,当飞机向地面俯冲时,突然翻了个跟头,接着就呼啸坠地。

  所有的人都以为他这次肯定是不行了,但他却从燃烧的飞机中爬了出来,身体没有大碍,脸上多添了一块伤疤。出院之后,休斯继续坚持用真人驾驶那个疯狂的动作场面,不是每个人都像他那么好运,为了这个场面,3名飞行员和1名机械师丢掉了自己的性命。

  付出了这样惨痛的代价,1929年,《地狱天使》终于制作完毕,引起了前所未有的大轰动,被称为“空前的大制作”。

  追求速度的刺激

  几部电影上映之后,出乎意料的,休斯不再生产电影,开始秘密研制他的H1战斗机。 之所以这样,是因为休斯已经敏锐地意识到,二战的爆发,空军力量的加强,会给飞机事业带来前所未有的契机。

  1934年,休斯飞机公司成立了。休斯不仅仅是为了战争而生产,也是为了圆自己的梦想。因为早在1927年,美国陆军上尉林白就曾驾驶飞机横越了大西洋,而休斯想打破这个纪录。

  经过多次修改方案,H1飞机终于设计出来了,因为机身特别短,谁也不知道它能在空中飞多久,休斯的公司里没有人敢驾机试飞,这一次休斯又决定亲自试飞。上帝总是眷顾着他,休斯成功了!还创造了飞行时速的世界纪录,这架H1型飞机至今仍保存在华盛顿的斯密逊航空博物馆里。但休斯对自己取得的成就从不满足,总是朝着更高的目标冲刺。

  他一直梦寐以求的是横跨美国大陆的飞行。1937年1月18日改进的H1机型诞生了,休斯将它称为“带翅的子弹”。当天下午,他驾驶着这颗“子弹”从洛杉矶机场起飞,开始了他的世纪之行。飞机很快地爬高到6000米高空,并以时速534公里的平均速度向西飞去。第二天凌晨零点42分,休斯终于平安到达纽约新华克机场,所用时间是7小时28分25秒。在当时,美国无论哪一种飞机,横跨美国大陆飞行都要9小时以上,有的甚至超过10小时。休斯的纪录是其他航空公司望尘莫及的。这项飞行纪录保持了7年之久。

  为此,休斯受到美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福的亲切接见和嘉奖。1938年霍华德·休斯还创造了驾驶飞机

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