氨气分子空间构型是三角锥形，而甲烷是正四面体形，这是因为（　　）A．两种分子的中心原子杂化轨道类型 氨气分子空间构型是三角锥形，而甲烷是正四面体形，这是因为（　...

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\u4ef7\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6570=\u03c3 \u952e\u4e2a\u6570+12\uff08a-xb\uff09\uff0ca\u6307\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cx\u6307\u914d\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb\u6307\u914d\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u6c28\u6c14\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cNH3\u4e2dN\u539f\u5b50\u62103\u4e2a\u03c3\u952e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5bf9\u672a\u6210\u952e\u7684\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u4ef7\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6570=3+12\uff085-3\u00d71\uff09=4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6sp3\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6210\u952e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0cN-H\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u89d2\u5c0f\u4e8e109\u00b028\u2032\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c28\u6c14\u5206\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u9525\u5f62\uff1bCH4\u5206\u5b50\u4e2dC\u539f\u5b50\u6742\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u6570=\u03b4\u952e\u6570+\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6570=4+0=4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6sp3\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u6742\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u4e8e\u6210\u952e\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a54\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0cC-H\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u89d2\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a109\u00b028\u2032\uff0c\u6545CH4\u4e3a\u6b63\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u6545\u9009B\uff0e

NH3\u4e2dN\u539f\u5b50\u62103\u4e2a\u03c3\u952e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5bf9\u672a\u6210\u952e\u7684\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u6742\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u6570\u4e3a4\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6sp3\u578b\u6742\u5316\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6210\u952e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0cN-H\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u89d2\u5c0f\u4e8e109\u00b028\u2032\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c28\u6c14\u5206\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u9525\u5f62\uff1bCH4\u5206\u5b50\u4e2dC\u539f\u5b50\u91c7\u53d6sp3\u578b\u6742\u5316\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u6742\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u4e8e\u6210\u952e\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a54\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0cC-H\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u89d2\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a109\u00b028\u2032\uff0c\u6545CH4\u4e3a\u6b63\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u6545\u9009\uff1aA\uff0e

NH₃中N原子成3个σ键，有一对未成键的孤对电子，杂化轨道数为4，采取sp³型杂化杂化，孤对电子对成键电子的排斥作用较强，N-H之间的键角小于109°28′，所以氨气分子空间构型是三角锥形；CH₄分子中C原子采取sp³型杂化杂化，杂化轨道全部用于成键，碳原子连接4个相同的原子，C-H之间的键角相等为109°28′，故CH₄为正四面体构型，故ACD错误，B正确．
故选：B．

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