天沟怎么计算，如图！ 天沟的大小计算是怎么算出来的

\u5929\u6c9f\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u600e\u4e48\u7b97

\uff08\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff09
1\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u7ea2\u6846\u5185\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u6c9f2\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6311\u6a90\u5929\u6c9f\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u6311\u6a90\u5929\u6c9f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e58\u4e0a\u5b83\u7684\u622a\u9762\u9762\u79ef(\u5305\u62ec\u5782\u76f4\u6c34\u5e73\u4e24\u90e8\u5206)3\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u697c\u5468\u957f\u52a0\u4e0a\u5916\u6311\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u56db\u89d2\u5916\u6311\u957f\u5ea6\u4e00\u534a\u4e584\u518d\u4e58\u4e0a\u539a\u5ea6\u4e58\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6309\u4f53\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b974\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\u5206\u6210\u5782\u76f4\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6309\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u793a\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u697c\u7684\u5468\u957f*\u539a\u5ea6*\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6309\uff09\u4f53\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u30025\u3001\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5f04\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6216\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u627e\u4ee3\u7b97\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8d39\u7528\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd51\u3001\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b \u5c0f\u8682\u8681\u7b97\u91cf \uff0c\u80fd\u505a\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u9ad8\u8d28\u3001\u9ad8\u65482\u3001\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u4e0b\u9884\u7b97\u9020\u4ef7\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u4f4d\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d3\u3001\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e73\u53f0\u59d4\u6258\u522b\u4eba\u505a\uff0c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u9632\u9a97\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u505a\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u70b91\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u5e94\u6309\u7167\u5de5\u7a0b\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u5b9a\u989d\u6216\u89c4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1b2\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u719f\u6089\u5b9a\u989d\u3001\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u57fa\u7840\uff1b3\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u524d\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u56fe\u7eb8\u662f\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5c0f\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u770b\u6f0f\u770b\u9519\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff1b4\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u8981\u62b1\u4fa5\u5e78\u6001\u5ea6\u53bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u3002

1
H

W

L
B
L
1

\u5916\u5929\u6c9f

\u5185\u5929\u6c9f

\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1

\u5929\u6c9f\u65ad\u9762\u53ca\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u843d\u6c34\u53e3\u6240\u5206\u62c5\u4e4b\u96e8\u6c34\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

\u5c4b\u9762\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a
L
\uff08
m
\uff09

\u5c4b\u9762\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff1a
B
\uff08
m
\uff09

\u96c6\u6c34\u9762\u79ef\uff1a
Ar=B

L
\uff08
m
2
\uff09

\u96e8
\u6c34
\u91cf
\uff1a

Qr=Ar

I

10
-3
/3600
\uff08
m
3
/sec
\uff09

\u964d\u96e8\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1a
I
\uff08
mm/hr
\uff09

\u6ce8\uff1a
1
\uff0e\u5929\u6c9f\u7531
1000mm
\u5bbd\u677f\u6298\u6210\u3002

2\uff0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5185\u5929\u6c9f\u65f6L\u7528L
1
\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002







\u5916\u5929\u6c9f\u65ad\u9762\u6838\u7b97
:

\u5929\u6c9f\u6392\u6c34\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\u66fc\u5b81\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

Qg=Ag

Vg =Ag

R
2/3

S
1/2
/n
Ag=W

H
W

R=Ag/(W+2H
W
)
Vg
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6392\u6c34\u901f\u5ea6
(m/sec)
N
\uff1a
sus
\u6216\u5f69\u8272\u677f\u78e8\u64e6\u7cfb\u6570
=0.0125
S
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6cc4\u6c34\u5761\u5ea6
=1/1000
W
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff08
m
\uff09

H
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6df1\u5ea6\uff08
m
\uff09

Hw
\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u5927\u6c34\u6df1\uff08
m
\uff09
\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53d6
0.8H
\uff09

FOR Qg

Qr

\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u6c9f\u65ad\u9762\u5982\u53f3\uff1a




2






\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97
:
Qd=m

A
d

(2gH
W
)
1/2
\uff08
m
3
/sec
\uff09

M
\uff1a\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u652f\u6570
=1
\u652f

d
\uff1a\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u5916\u5f84\uff08
m
\uff09

Ad
\uff1a\u843d\u6c34\u53e3\u9762\u79ef\uff08
m
2
\uff09

g
\uff1a\u91cd\u529b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6
=9.8 m/sec
H
W
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6700\u5927\u6c34\u6df1\uff08
m
\uff09

FOR Qd

Qr

\u4f7f\u7528\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u7684\u7ba1\u5f84\u5927\u5c0f
!!

\u5de5\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u8303\u4f8b

\u5382\u623f\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff1a\u676d\u5dde

\u964d\u96e8\u5f3a\u5ea6
I=150mm/hr
\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u843d\u6c34\u53e3\u6240\u5206\u62c5\u4e4b\u96e8\u6c34\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

\u5c4b\u9762\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a
L=40m
\u5c4b\u9762\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff1a
B=7m
\u96c6\u6c34\u9762\u79ef\uff1a
Ar=B

L=40

7=280m
2


\u96e8\u6c34\u91cf\uff1a
Qr=Ar

I

10
-3
/3600
=280

150

10
-3
/3600=0.012m
3
/sec






\u5929\u6c9f\u65ad\u9762\u6838\u7b97
:
\u5929\u6c9f\u6392\u6c34\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\u66fc\u5b81\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

Ag=W

Hw=0.3

0.16=0.048
R=Ag/(W+2H
W
)

3
200

300

=0.048/(0.3+0.16

2)=0.077
Qg=Ag

Vg =Ag

R
2/3

S
1/2
/n
=0.048

0.077
2/3

0.001
1/2
/0.0125=0.022 m
3
/sec
Vg
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6392\u6c34\u901f\u5ea6
(m/sec)
n
\uff1a
sus
\u6216\u5f69\u8272\u677f\u6469\u64e6\u7cfb\u6570
=0.0125
S
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6cc4\u6c34\u5761\u5ea6
=1/1000
W
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff08
m
\uff09

H
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6df1\u5ea6\uff08
m
\uff09

Hw
\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u5927\u6c34\u6df1\uff08
m
\uff09
\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53d6
0.8H
\uff09

FOR Qg

Qr

\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u6c9f\u65ad\u9762\u5982\u53f3\uff1a







\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97
:
A
d
=
\u03c0
R
2
=
\u03c0

0.05
2
=0.00785m
2

Qd=m

A
d

(2gH
W
)
1/2
=1

0.00785

(2

9.8

0.15)
1/2
=0.0135
\uff08
m
3
/sec
\uff09

m
\uff1a\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u652f\u6570
=1
\u652f

d
\uff1a

\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1\u5916\u5f84\uff08
m
\uff09

Ad
\uff1a\u843d\u6c34\u53e3\u9762\u79ef\uff08
m
2
\uff09

g
\uff1a\u91cd\u529b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6
=9.8 m/sec
H
W
\uff1a\u5929\u6c9f\u6700\u5927\u6c34\u6df1\uff08
m
\uff09

FOR Qd

Qr

\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u652f

100mm
\u843d\u6c34\u7ba1
!!

截面积×长度。
将截面划分成矩形、梯形、三角形、弓形（扇形-三角形）分别计算后相加。

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