定语从句先行词 怎样判断定语从句中先行词？
\u4fee\u9970\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5462\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u653e\u5728\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u3002\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5206\u4e3a\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8bcd\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcdthat\u3001which\u3001who\u3001which\u3001whose\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcdwhere \u3001when,\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd,\u5728\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u62c5\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u6210\u4efd\u3002
1\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u6307\u7269\u65f6,\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7528that \u6216which(\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed)\u3002
\u5982:China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
2\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u6307\u4eba\u65f6,\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7528(who)\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed,whom (\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed),whose (\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed),that (\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed)\u3002\u5982:
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
\u6ce8\u610f:\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53ea\u7528that \u800c\u4e0d\u7528which \u6216who\u3002
3\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u7269\u7684\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8bcd,\u5982:all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything\u7b49\u65f6\u3002\u5982:I didn't understand the words all that he said.
4\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u7531\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u3001\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\u4ee5\u53caany, very, only, all, no, just \u7b49\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u3002\u5982:This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
5\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u4eba,\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u3002\u5982:They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u662f\u4ee5which \u6216who \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u65f6\u3002\u5982:who is the man that opened up the lab.
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898
(1)\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u6570\u3002
(2)\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u522b\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u3002
\u2460\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4ece\u53e5\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u3002
\u2461\u5f3a\u8c03it\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0cthat/who\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u3002
\u2462\u5f3a\u8c03it is/was\u548cthat/who\u540e\u5982\u679c\u53e5\u5b50\u610f\u601d\u8bb2\u5f97\u901a\u5219\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e0d\u901a\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u3002
It is the museum that/which we visited last year\u3002(\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night\u3002(\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5)
(3)\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002
\u2460\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\uff0cthat\u5145\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002
\u2461\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0cthat\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5f53\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u3002
Word came that their army was defeated\u3002(\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their\u3002(\u5b9a\u8bed)
(4)\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u2460\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u524d\u65e0\u4ecb\u8bcd\u65f6\u3002
\u2461\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u3002
(5)\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002
(6)\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u524d\u6709\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6216\u590d\u6742\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u53ea\u80fd\u662fwhich\u548cwhom\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u5148\u884c\u8bcd
\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd,\u5982\u679c\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u6709\u4fee\u9970\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u6210\u5206,\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u884c\u8bcd.\u628a\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u8fd8\u539f\u5230\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d,\u5c31\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u4efd.\u5982:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662fday)\u4ece\u53e5=I first went to school on the day.(on the day \u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed=when)I will never forget the day that was very special to me.(\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662fday)\u4ece\u53e5=The day was very special to me(the day \u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed=that/which)\u3002
定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，
只能用that,见如下第一点：
限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing (something 除外),few,all,none,little,some 等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much 等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4.当形容词被the very,the only修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
绛旓細1銆佷笉瀹氫唬璇 anything, nothing, everything,all,much,few,any,little涓哄厛琛岃瘝鏃锛汧inally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 鏈缁堬紝灏忓伔鍋风殑鎵鏈変笢瑗垮叏閮ㄤ氦缁欎簡璀﹀療銆2銆佸厛琛岃瘝涓 the only, the very, the just鏃讹紱He is the very man that helped the girl out...
绛旓細1銆佸厛琛岃瘝鏄瀹氳浠庡彞鎵淇グ鐨勫悕璇嶃佷唬璇嶏紝涓鑸槸涓昏鎴栧璇紝杩樻湁鐢卞悕璇嶅厖褰撶殑琛ㄨ銆備箣鎵浠ョО涓哄厛琛岃瘝锛屾槸鍥犱负淇グ瀹冪殑瀹氳浠庡彞鎬绘槸鏀惧湪瀹冧箣鍚庯紝鍏堣璇嶆绘槸鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ畾璇粠鍙ヤ箣鍓嶏紝鑰屼笉鍚屼簬鏅氬舰瀹硅瘝淇グ鍚嶈瘝鏃讹紝褰㈠璇嶄綅浜庡悕璇嶄箣鍓嶃2銆佸彞瀛愮殑缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛屽寘鎷富璇佽皳璇佸璇佸畾璇佽ˉ璇佺姸璇佽〃璇佸悓...
绛旓細1銆侀檺鍒舵у畾璇粠鍙ョ揣璺熷厛琛岃瘝锛屼富鍙ヤ笌浠庡彞涓嶇敤閫楀彿鍒嗗紑锛屼粠鍙ヤ笉鍙渷鍘锛屼緥濡傦細Any man that/who has a sense of duty won鈥檛 do such a thing銆2銆侀潪闄愬埗鎬у畾璇粠鍙ヤ富鍙ヤ笌浠庡彞涔嬮棿鏈夐楀彿鍒嗗紑锛岃捣琛ュ厖璇存槑浣滅敤锛屽鐪佸幓锛屾剰鎬濅粛瀹屾暣锛屼緥濡傦細The house锛寃hich we bought last month锛宨s very nice銆...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勫紩瀵艰瘝鏈夊叧绯讳唬璇峸ho锛寃hom锛寃hich锛宼hat锛宎s锛涘叧绯诲壇璇峸hen锛寃here锛寃hy;鍏崇郴褰㈠璇峸hose銆(1)This is the book which I am looking for.瀹冩槸鎴戞鍦ㄥ鎵剧殑涔︺傚叾涓殑鈥渢he book鈥濇槸鍏堣璇锛屸渨hich鈥濇槸寮曞璇嶃(2)He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England.浠栨槸鏉ヨ嚜鑻卞浗鐨勭綏浼．鍏...
绛旓細鍏堣璇嶆槸瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勫紩瀵艰瘝鍓嶉潰鐨勫悕璇.鍦ㄥ畾璇粠鍙ヤ腑鍏呭綋涓瀹氱殑鎴愬垎.琚畾璇粠鍙ヤ慨楗扮殑鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶇О涓哄厛琛岃瘝銆傛垜浠彲浠ヨ繖鏍疯涓, 涔嬫墍浠ョО瀹冧负鍏堣璇, 鏄洜涓轰慨楗板畠鐨勫畾璇粠鍙ユ绘槸鏀惧湪瀹冧箣鍚, 鍏堣璇嶆绘槸鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ畾璇粠鍙ヤ箣鍓, 鑰屼笉鍚屼簬鏅氬舰瀹硅瘝淇グ鍚嶈瘝鏃, 褰㈠璇嶄綅浜庡悕璇嶄箣鍓嶃俆his is the book which ...
绛旓細5. 褰鍏堣璇鏄暟璇嶆椂銆傚 You can catch the four that are dead.6. 褰撳厛琛岃瘝浣滆〃璇椂銆傚 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.7. 褰撳厛琛岃瘝涓棦鏈変汉锛屽張鏈夌墿鏃躲俆he young man and his bike that I saw just now are still there.8. 褰撳彞瀛愪腑鍚湁涓や釜瀹氳浠庡彞...
绛旓細1銆佸厛琛岃瘝 琚畾璇粠鍙ヤ慨楗扮殑鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶇О涓哄厛琛岃瘝銆傛垜浠彲浠ヨ繖鏍疯涓猴紝涔嬫墍浠ョО瀹冧负鍏堣璇嶏紝鏄洜涓轰慨楗板畠鐨勫畾璇粠鍙ユ绘槸鏀惧湪瀹冧箣鍚庯紝鍏堣璇嶆绘槸鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ畾璇粠鍙ヤ箣鍓嶏紝鑰屼笉鍚屼簬鏅氬舰瀹硅瘝淇グ鍚嶈瘝鏃讹紝褰㈠璇嶄綅浜庡悕璇嶄箣鍓嶃備緥鍙ワ細He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England.浠栨槸鏉ヨ嚜鑻卞浗鐨勭綏浼．鍏堢敓銆
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鏀惧湪鍏堣璇鍚庨潰銆傚畾璇粠鍙ュ垎涓洪檺瀹氭у畾璇粠鍙ュ拰闈為檺瀹氭у畾璇粠鍙ャ傚紩瀵煎畾璇粠鍙ョ殑璇嶆湁鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝that銆亀hich銆亀ho銆亀hich銆亀hose鍜屽叧绯诲壇璇峸here 銆亀hen,鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鍜屽叧绯诲壇璇嶆槸寮曞璇,鍦ㄥ畾璇粠鍙ヤ腑鎷呭綋鏌愪竴鎴愪唤銆1銆佸厛琛岃瘝鎸囩墿鏃,鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鐢╰hat 鎴杦hich(鍦ㄥ彞涓綔涓昏鎴栧璇)銆傚:China is a ...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勫畾浣鍏堣璇鐨勬柟娉曟槸锛氶氳繃鍏崇郴璇嶏紙濡倃ho锛寃hom锛寃hose锛宼hat锛寃hich绛夛級鏉ョ‘瀹氫粠鍙ユ墍淇グ鐨勫悕璇嶆垨浠ｈ瘝锛岃繖涓悕璇嶆垨浠ｈ瘝灏辨槸鍏堣璇嶃傚畾璇粠鍙ユ槸鐢ㄦ潵淇グ鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶇殑浠庡彞锛岄氬父鏀惧湪琚慨楗扮殑璇嶅悗闈傚湪瀹氳浠庡彞涓紝琚慨楗扮殑鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶈绉颁负鍏堣璇嶏紝鑰屽畾璇粠鍙ラ氬父鐢卞叧绯昏瘝寮曞锛屽叧绯昏瘝鍦ㄤ粠鍙ヤ腑璧...
绛旓細浠栦滑鐨勮涓哄澶у鏁颁汉鎵閬典粠鐨勮鍒欏苟涓嶈〃绀哄皧鏁殑浜恒傜敱姝ゆ垜浠繕鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛岋紓鍏堣璇锛傚線寰鏄垎鍒噸澶嶅嚭鐜板湪涓や釜鍒嗗彞涓殑鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶃傝繖涔熷氨鏄垜浠仛瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勬潯浠朵箣蹇呴渶銆傚惁鍒欙紝锛傚叧绯昏瘝锛傚氨鏃犳硶鍘绘浛浠ｏ紓鍏堣璇嶏紓鑰屾瀯绛戝畾璇粠鍙ヤ簡銆傝繖涓亾鐞嗗氨濡傚悓鎴戜滑鍦ㄨ绠楁満涓婏紓鍋氬壀璐翠互鍓嶈鍏堝仛澶嶅埗锛備竴鏍枫傦級
