\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u76f4\u9500

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u76f4\u9500

1. \u53f0\u6e7e\u76f4\u9500\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
1\uff09\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
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2\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u5b9a\u4e49
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2\uff0e \u9999\u6e2f\u76f4\u9500\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49

1\uff09\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u76f4\u9500\uff1f
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\u8bf7\u7d27\u8bb0\uff1a
? \u503c\u5f97\u4f60\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u4f60\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76
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? \u76f4\u9500\u4e1a\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1a
? \u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u670d\u52a1
? \u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u65b9\u5f0f
? \u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u793a\u8303\u9ad8\u8d28\u7d20\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1
? \u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d44\u6599
? \u8d2d\u7269\u4fdd\u969c\u53ca\u6ee1\u610f\u4fdd\u8bc1
? \u53ef*\u7684\u8d27\u6e90

3\uff0e \u4e16\u754c\u76f4\u9500\u8054\u76df\u5bf9\u76f4\u9500\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u3001\u8001\u9f20\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
\uff08\u6839\u636e\u4e16\u754c\u76f4\u9500\u8054\u76df (World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, WFDSA) \u8ba8\u8bba\u62a5\u544a\u8282\u5f55\u6574\u7406\uff09
1\uff09 \u76f4\u9500\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a
\u76f4\u9500(direct selling)\u7cfb\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u9500\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u6c14\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7ba1\u9053\u3002
\u76f4\u9500\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4ee5\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u9500\u552e\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u5730\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u6c38\u4e45\u6027 \u96f6\u552e\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u793a\u8303\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458(direct sellers)\u3002
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\u76f4\u9500\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u793a\u8303\u4e0e\u8bf4\u660e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u9001\u8d27\u5230\u5bb6\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ee1\u610f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u62c5\u5e9e\u5927\u5e7f\u544a\u4e0e\u4fc3\u9500\u8d39\u7528\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u5e97\u4e0a\u67b6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f4\u9500\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9500\u552e\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u901a\u8def\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u6e90\u3002
2\uff09 \u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
\uff081\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a
\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500(multilevel marketing)\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u76f4\u9500\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u9500\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u884c\u9500\u201d(network marketing)\u3001\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u884c\u9500\u201d(structure marketing)\u6216\u201c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u201d(multilevel direct selling)\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u76f4\u63a5\u9500\u552e\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3001\u5e76\u4f7f\u72ec\u7acb\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u76f4\u9500\u5546\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u9500\u5956\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53d6\u5f97\u5956\u91d1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u7531\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u96f6\u552e\u5956\u91d1\uff1b
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6216\u8d2d\u4e70\u989d\u4e2d\u8d5a\u53d6\u4f63\u91d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u81ea\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7ebf\u4e4b\u518d\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e2d\u8d5a\u53d6\u4f63\u91d1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u72ec\u7acb\u521b\u4e1a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f4\u9500\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u56db\u9879\u5bb9\u6613\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u8272\uff1a
\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u8d39\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u4ec5\u9700\u8d2d\u4e70\u521b\u4e1a\u8d44\u6599\u888b\u3001\u9500\u552e\u8f85\u52a9\u7528\u54c1\u6216\u793a\u8303\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\u5e38\u4ee5\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u6599\u7ed9\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u53ef\u4eab\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u72b9\u8c6b\u671f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u9000\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u8d39\u7528\u3002
A\uff0e \u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u6781\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u56e4\u79ef\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u5c06\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u3001\u4ecd\u53ef\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u9000\u8fd8\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f4\u9500\u4ef7\u683c90%\u7684\u9000\u6b3e\u3002
B\uff0e \u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u4ea7\u54c1\u54c1\u8d28\u4f18\u5f02\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u800c\u5e7f\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6216\u72b9\u8c6b\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53ef\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u9000\u8fd8\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9000\u6b3e\u6216\u53ef\u6362\u8d2d \u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
C\uff0e \u5c42\u6b21\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u5938\u5927\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002
3\uff09\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u5b9a\u4e49(\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u5373\u4fd7\u8001\u9f20\u4f1a)\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a
\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e(pyramid selling)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9a97\u5c40\u3002\u5176\u67b6\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a\u7531\u6240\u8c13\u67d0\u201c\u6295\u8d44\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e70\u5356\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u529e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u63a8\u5e7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u51e0\u4f55\u7ea7\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d5a\u53d6\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u6240\u7f34\u4ea4\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u725f\u5229\u81f4\u5bcc\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u5355\u4f4d\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bc8\u9a97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u7433\u7405\u6ee1\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u8fde\u9501\u4fe1\u201d(chain letters)\u3001\u201c\u6eda\u96ea\u7403\u201d(snow balls)\u3001\u201c\u8fde\u9501\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u201d(chain selling)\u3001\u201c\u91d1\u94b1\u6e38\u620f\u201d(money games)\u3001\u201c\u63a8\u8350\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u201d(referral selling)\u3001\u201c\u6295\u8d44\u4e50\u900f\u62bd\u5956\u201d(investment lotteries)\u7b49\u7b49\u5982\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6216\u5982\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u201c\u8001\u9f20\u4f1a\u201d(rat club)\u3002
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\uff082\uff09\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u70b9\u8981\u7d20\u53ef\u6e05\u695a\u5212\u5206\u5408\u6cd5\u4e4b\u76f4\u9500\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0e\u975e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u7684\u76f8\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a
A\uff0e\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u9500\u552e\u4f18\u8d28\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6ee1\u610f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6216\u72b9\u8c6b\u6743(cancellation right)\uff1b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53ef\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u9000\u8fd8\uff0c\u5e76\u6362\u8d2d\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u9000\u6b3e\u3002\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u6cd5\u5219\u65e0\u6b64\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u57fa\u7840\u3002
B\uff0e \u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\u6781\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u56e4\u79ef\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u9000\u51fa\u76f4\u9500\u8ba1\u753b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6b32\u9000\u51fa\u8005\u53ef\u5c06\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u3001\u4ecd\u53ef\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u9000\u8fd8\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f4\u9500\u4ef7\u683c90\uff05\u7684\u9000\u6b3e\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u6cd5\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u9f13\u52b1\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u8d2d \u4e70\u5927\u91cf\u8d27\u54c1\u79ef\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f97\u9000\u6362\uff1b\u5931\u671b\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u5e26\u7740\u65e2\u5356\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u9000\u8fd8\u7684\u8d27\u54c1\u9000\u51fa\u8ba1\u753b\u3002
C\uff0e \u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u673a\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u9700\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u521b\u4e1a\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u548c\u6781\u5c11\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u8d27\u6295\u8d44\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fdb\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u518d\u8ffd\u6c42\u83b7\u5229\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u5373\u5165\u4f1a\u8d39\u518d\u5c11\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u9000\u8fd8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u6c42\u7f34\u4ea4\u9ad8\u989d\u5165\u4f1a\u8d39\uff0c\u548c\u9ad8\u6216\u5927\u7b14\u5b58\u8d27\u300c\u6295\u8d44\u300d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u4e0d\u5f97\u9000\u8fd8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5438\u6536\u65b0\u4eba\u5165\u4f1a\u6765\u83b7\u5229\u7684\u3002
D\uff0e \u53ef*\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u9500\u552e\u548c\u884c\u9500\u8ba1\u753b\u7cfb\u4ee5\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u62d3\u5c55\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5ba2\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u6e10\u83b7\u5f97\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u76f4\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u4e4b\u5956\u916c\u662f\u5426\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u6cd5\u5219\u4ee5\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u81f4\u5bcc\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\u4e3a\u9975\uff0c\u8bf1\u4f7f\u52a0\u5165\u8005\u8d2d \u4e70\u201c\u6700\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u201d\u6216\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u9500\u552e\u6cd5\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8425\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002
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