初中英语五种基本句型 初中英语 五种基本句子结构
\u521d\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u4e94\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u521d\u4e2d\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u3001\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\u548c\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u3002\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u4e2d\u6709\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u79cd\uff1a
\u2460 \u4e3b\u8bed+\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1aI arrived at six last night.
\u2461 \u4e3b\u8bed+\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\uff1aI bought a good English-Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
\u2462 \u4e3b\u8bed+\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd+\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed+\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\uff1aPlease tell me a story before I go to bed.
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u52a0\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6709buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
\u2463 \u4e3b\u8bed+\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\uff1aI found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
\u2464 \u4e3b\u8bed+\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd+\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\uff1aTom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.
\u5728\u521d\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u6709There be\u2026\u53e5\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5982\uff1aThere is a map on the wall\u5176be\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u4e0e\u5176\u540e\u9762\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u578b\u52a0\u5165\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4fdd\u6301be\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6362\u7528have,\u5982\uff1aThere is going to be a meeting tomorrow.\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002
\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u5f88\u9ad8\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7b54
\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u6709\u516d\u79cd\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff08subject\uff09\u3001\u8c13\u8bed\uff08predicate\uff09\u3001\u8868\u8bed
\uff08predicative\uff09\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08object\uff09\u3001\u5b9a\u8bed\uff08attribute\uff09\u548c\u72b6\u8bed(adverbial)\u3002
\u82f1\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u4e2d,\u6709\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5c31\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u201cI\u201d,
\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u5bbe\u683c\u201cme\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u7528\u6240\u6709\u683c\u201cmy\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u8fa8\u8ba4\u6210\u5206
\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u5c31\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
(1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.
\u5c0f\u674e\u56de\u5bb6\u540e, \u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u7761\u89c9\u4e86\u3002
(2) I'll go when I have had my dinner.
\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u996d\u5c31\u53bb\u3002
\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bed\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bed\u6240\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bed\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701
\u7565\u3002\u5982\u4f8b\uff081\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u8bf4\u201c\u5c0f\u674e\u56de\u5bb6\u540e\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u7761\u89c9\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5206\u53e5
\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5012\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9020\u6210\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u5c0f\u674e\u56de
\u5bb6\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u7761\u89c9\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u542c\u7684\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u4ed6\u201d\u8bef\u4f1a\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e94\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u5217\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u4e00\uff1a S+V \uff08\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff09
\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u4e8c\uff1a S+V+P \uff08\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u8868\uff09
\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u4e09\uff1a S+V+O \uff08\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u5bbe\uff09
\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u56db\uff1a S+V+o+O \uff08\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u95f4\u5bbe\uff0b\u76f4\u5bbe\uff09
\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u4e94\uff1a S+V+O+C \uff08\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u5bbe\uff0b\u5bbe\u8865\uff09
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英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped.The old man walks in the park.
句型一的扩展：
1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .There comes the bus.
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest. (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒：动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest.
句型二：主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse.
I feel quite hungry.
The ball is under the desk.
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English.
Do you know him?
Your radio needs repairing.
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中，通常是间接宾语(人)在前，直接宾语(物)在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her.
Give the book to me, please.
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher.
不能说：I handed our teacher it.
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother.
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop.
The teacher asked me to answer the question.
I found the man stealing the money.
I found my money stolen.
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have(请，让，使得)，see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉"to",但变为被动语态时，则要带"to".
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door.
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
He was seen to steal the old man's money.
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腾大教育初中英语常见句型整理：
绛旓細1.鈥滀富璇 + 璋撹鈥(鍗斥滀富璋撯濆彞鍨)2.鈥滀富璇 + 璋撹 + 瀹捐鈥(鍗斥滀富璋撳鈥濆彞鍨)3.鈥滀富璇 + 璋撹 + 闂存帴瀹捐 + 鐩存帴瀹捐鈥(鍗斥滀富璋撳弻瀹锯濆彞鍨)4.鈥滀富璇 + 璋撹 + 瀹捐 + 瀹捐琛ヨ冻璇(鍗斥滀富璋撳瀹捐ˉ鈥濆彞鍨)5.鈥滀富璇 + 绯诲姩璇+ 琛ㄨ鈥(鍗斥滀富绯昏〃鈥濆彞鍨)1銆佷富璇 涓昏琛ㄧず鍙ュ瓙...
绛旓細鍙ュ瀷涓锛氫富璇+涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇 涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇嶆湰韬氨鍙互琛ㄨ揪瀹屾暣鐨勬剰蹇碉紝 涓嶉渶瑕佸璇強琛ヨ锛 浣嗘湁鏃跺彲鏈夊壇璇嶏紝 浠嬭瘝鐭绛夌姸璇慨楗拌銆俥.g. The rain stopped .The old man walks in the park .鍙ュ瀷涓鐨勬墿灞曪細1.涓昏+涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇+鐘惰 e.g. The machine works smoothly. (鏈哄櫒杩愯浆姝ｅ父銆)2.There...
绛旓細5.鈥滀富璇 + 绯诲姩璇+ 琛ㄨ鈥(鍗斥滀富绯昏〃鈥濆彞鍨)杩欎竴鍙ュ瀷鐢ㄤ互璇存槑鈥滄煇浜(鏌愮墿銆佹煇浜嬨佹煇绉嶆蹇)鍏锋湁浠涔堢壒寰佹垨澶勪簬浠涔堢姸鎬佲濄傛眽璇殑鈥滄槸鈥濆瓧缁撴瀯灞炰簬杩欎竴鑻辫鍙ュ瀷鐨勫舰寮忎箣涓銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑绯诲姩璇嶆湁be, keep锛宭ie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, ...
绛旓細浜斿ぇ鍩烘湰鍙ュ瀷 1.涓伙紙n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/涓昏浠庡彞锛夆斺旇皳锛坴i.濡傦細come, go, arrive, stay, work, fall, rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Your brother has gone home.We work hard at English.2....
绛旓細涓銆丼ubject (涓昏) + Verb (璋撹)杩欑鍙ュ瀷涓殑鍔ㄨ瘝澶у鏄笉鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝锛屾墍璋撲笉鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽氨鏄繖绉嶅姩璇嶅悗涓嶅彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ帴瀹捐銆傚父瑙佺殑鍔ㄨ瘝濡傦細work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen绛夈傚锛1) Li Ming works very hard.鏉庢槑瀛︿範寰堝姫鍔涖2) The accident ...
绛旓細1绠鍗曞彞銆佸苟鍒楀彞銆佸鍚堝彞 鏍规嵁璇硶褰㈠紡锛屽嵆鍙ュ瓙鐨勭粨鏋勶紝鑻辫鐨勫彞瀛愬彲鍒嗕负绠鍗曞彞銆佸苟鍒楀彞鍜屽鍚堝彞銆1绠鍗曞彞 鍙ュ瀷锛氫富璇+璋撹 鍙寘鍚竴涓富璋撶粨鏋勶紝鑰屽彞瀛愮殑鍚勪釜缁撴瀯閮藉彧鐢卞崟璇嶆垨鐭琛ㄧず銆傜畝鍗曞彞鏈浜旂鍩烘湰鍙ュ瀷锛岃瑙佺鍗佷竷绔犮俆hey are playing baseball in the garden.浠栦滑姝ｅ湪鍏洯閲屾墦妫掔悆銆侶er ...
绛旓細1 He cyies. 鍏朵腑He 鏄富璇紝鏄痗ries杩欎釜鍔ㄤ綔鐨勫彂鍑鸿咃紝goes灏辨槸璋撹浜嗭紝琛ㄧず涓昏鐨勫姩浣溿傚嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑鍔ㄨ瘝閮借兘鍋氳皳璇備絾涓嶆槸鍏ㄩ儴銆2渚嬪be鍔ㄨ瘝灏辨槸鍋氱郴鍔ㄨ瘝鑰屼笉鏄皳璇紝浣嗗湪鍙ュ瓙涓殑浣嶇疆銆佹剰涔夌瓑鏄剰涔夌殑锛孲he is beautiful.鍏朵腑She 鏄富璇紝is鏄郴鍔ㄨ瘝锛宐eautiful鏄〃璇紝鍙綔鐨勮〃璇殑鏈夊舰瀹硅瘝...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鎵瀛︾殑鍙ュ瀷涓鑸鍒嗕负闄堣堪鍙ャ佺枒闂彞銆佺浣垮彞鍜屾劅鍙瑰彞銆 闄堣堪鍙ヤ腑鏈夎偗瀹氬彞涓庡惁瀹氬彞涔嬪垎銆傚叾涓彲浠ュ垎涓轰互涓嬩簲绉: 鈶 涓昏+涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇銆傚:I arrived at six last night.鈶 涓昏+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝+瀹捐,濡:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.鈶 涓昏+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝+闂存帴瀹捐+鐩存帴瀹捐,濡:Please ...
绛旓細1.涓昏+涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇嶏紙涓昏皳缁撴瀯锛塗hey worked day and night. 浠栦滑澶滀互缁ф棩鍦板伐浣溿2.涓昏+绯诲姩璇+琛ㄨ锛堜富绯昏〃缁撴瀯锛塇e is near. 浠栧湪闄勮繎銆3. 涓昏+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝+瀹捐锛堜富璋撳缁撴瀯锛塛ill you spend your holidays abroad this year? 浣犱粖骞村幓鍥藉搴﹀亣鍚?4. 涓昏+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝+闂存帴瀹捐+鐩存帴瀹捐锛...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鍏稿瀷鍙ュ瀷鏈夛細1銆乼here be 鍙ュ瀷 1锛塨e鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勬暟閲忚涓庤窛鍏舵渶杩戠殑鍚嶈瘝淇濇寔涓鑷达紝杩欏彨浣溾滃氨杩戝師鍒欌濄備緥鍙ワ細There is a book and three pencils on the desk.There are three pencils and a book on the desk.2锛夊there be鍙ュ瀷鐨勪富璇彁闂椂锛岀敤what锛屽姩璇嶇敤is銆備緥鍙ワ細There are two apples ...
