利用太阳能和高效催化剂分解水制取氢气 科学家利用太阳能分解水生成的氢气在催化剂作用下 与二氧化...
\uff0811\u5206\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c22\u6c14\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7532\u9187\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u7532\u9187\u4e3a\uff0811\u5206\uff09(1) 2858(2) CH 3 OH(l)+ O 2 (g)="CO(g)+2" H 2 O(l) \u25b3H=-443.5kJ\u00b7mol -1 (3) \u2462\u2463 (4)1-a/2 (5) CH 3 OH(g) +H 2 O-6e - = CO 2 +6H + 3/2O 2 + +6H + +6e - = 3H 2 O96.6% \u89e3\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7531H 2 \uff08g\uff09\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u25b3H\u4e3a-285.8kJ?mol -1 \u77e5\uff0c1molH 2 \uff08g\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u62101molH 2 O\uff08l\uff09\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf285.8kJ\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u89e31mol H 2 O\uff08l\uff09\u4e3a1mol H 2 \uff08g\uff09\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a285.8kJ\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u89e310mol H 2 O\uff08l\uff09\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a285.8kJ\u00d710=2858kJ\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2858\uff082\uff09\u7531CO\uff08g\uff09\u548cCH 3 OH\uff08l\uff09\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u25b3H\u5206\u522b\u4e3a-283.0kJ?mol -1 \u548c-726.5kJ?mol -1 \uff0c\u5219\uff083\uff09\u2460CO\uff08g\uff09+1/2O 2 \uff08g\uff09=CO 2 \uff08g\uff09\u25b3H=-283.0kJ?mol -1 \uff084\uff09\u2461CH 3 OH\uff08l\uff09+3/2O 2 \uff08g\uff09=CO 2 \uff08g\uff09+2 H 2 O\uff08l\uff09\u25b3H=-726.5kJ?mol -1 \uff085\uff09\u7531\u76d6\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u77e5\u7528\u2461-\u2460\u5f97\u53cd\u5e94CH 3 OH\uff08l\uff09+O 2 \uff08g\uff09=CO\uff08g\uff09+2 H 2 O\uff08l\uff09\uff0c\uff086\uff09\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u25b3H=-726.5kJ?mol -1 -\uff08-283.0kJ?mol -1 \uff09=-443.5kJ?mol -1 \uff0c\uff087\uff09\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aCH 3 OH\uff08l\uff09+O 2 \uff08g\uff09=CO\uff08g\uff09+2 H 2 O\uff08l\uff09\u25b3H=-443.5kJ?mol -1 \uff1b\uff088\uff09(3\uff09\u6839\u636e\u9898\u7ed9\u56fe\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cT 2 \u5148\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u5219T 2 \uff1eT 1 \uff0c\u7531\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927\u53ef\u77e5T 2 \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u5927\u4e8eT 1 \uff0c\uff089\uff09\u53c8\u6e29\u5ea6\u9ad8\u65f6\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001CH 3 OH\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94CO 2 +3H 2 ?CH 3 OH+H 2 O\u5411\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u6545\u6b63\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\uff0810\uff09\u5219T 1 \u65f6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\u6bd4T 2 \u65f6\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u2462\u3001\u2463\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u2461\u4e2d\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u5728T 1 \u65f6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\u6bd4T 2 \u65f6\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u2461\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u2460\u4e2d\u6309\u7167\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u77e5\uff0811\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3amol?min -1 \uff0c\u5219\u2460\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u2462\u2463\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u7531\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u6a21\u5f0f\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u77e5
\uff081\uff092 858\uff082\uff09CH 3 OH\uff081\uff09\uff0bO 2 (g)===CO(g)\uff0b2H 2 O\uff081\uff09 \u0394H\uff1d\uff0d443.5 kJ/mol\uff083\uff09 \u2462\u2463 \uff084\uff09 1-\u03b1/2\uff085\uff09 CH 3 OH+H 2 O=CO 2 +6H \uff0b +6e - O 2 +6H \uff0b +6e - =3H 2 O 96.6% \u8bd5\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1a(1)\u7531H 2 \uff08g\uff09\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u25b3H\u4e3a-285.8kJ\u00b7mol -1 \u77e5\uff0c1mol H 2 \uff08g\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u62101mol H 2 O\uff081\uff09\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf285.8kJ\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u89e31mol H 2 O\uff081\uff09\u4e3a1mol H 2 \uff08g\uff09\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a285.8kJ\uff0c\u5206\u89e310mol H 2 O\uff081\uff09\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a2858kJ\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5199\u51fa\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u7684\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1aCO(g)+1/2O 2 (g)=CO 2 (g) \u25b3H=-283.0kJ\u00b7mol -1 \u2460CH 3 OH\uff081\uff09+3/2O 2 (g)=CO 2 (g)+2 H 2 O\uff081\uff09 \u25b3H=-726.5kJ\u00b7mol -1 \u2461\u7528\u2461-\u2460\u5f97\uff1aCH 3 OH\uff081\uff09+ O 2 (g)="CO(g)+2" H 2 O\uff081\uff09 \u25b3H=-443.5kJ\u00b7mol -1 \uff083\uff09\u6839\u636e\u9898\u7ed9\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cT 2 \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u5927\u4e8eT 1 \uff0c\u7531\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927\u53ef\u77e5T 2 >T 1 \uff0c\u56e0\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u65f6CH 3 OH\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94CO 2 +3H 2 CH 3 OH+H 2 O\u5411\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u6545\u6b63\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff0cT 1 \u65f6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\u6bd4T 2 \u65f6\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u2462\u3001\u2463\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u2461\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u2460\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3amol\u00b7min -1 \uff0c\u2460\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u9009\u2462\u2463\u3002\uff084\uff09\u5229\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u6a21\u5f0f\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1aCO 2 (g)+3H 2 (g)= CH 3 OH(g) +H 2 O(g)\u8d77\u59cb 1 3 0 0\u53d8\u5316 a 3 a a a\u5e73\u8861 1-a 3-3a a a\u6839\u636e\u538b\u5f3a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u7684\u538b\u5f3a\u4e0e\u8d77\u59cb\u538b\u5f3a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e3a\uff1a(4-2a)/4=1-a/2\uff085\uff09\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u662f\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8d1f\u6781\u5931\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u6b63\u6781\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u9178\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u9187\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u4e3aCH 3 OH+H 2 O-6e - =CO 2 +6H \uff0b \uff0c\u6b63\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u4e3a O 2 +6H \uff0b +6e - =3H 2 O\u3002\u8be5\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u6d88\u80171mol\u7532\u9187\u6240\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7535\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e3a702.1/726.5=96.6%\u3002
化学变化的实质是分子分成原子，原子重新组合成新分子的过程．水分解的微观过程为，水分子分为氢原子和氧原子，每两个氢原子结合成一个氢分子，每两个氧原子结合成一个氧分子；在此过程中不能再分的微粒是氢原子和氧原子．所以水分解微观过程的正确顺序是：①④②⑤③．故答案为：C．
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绛旓細1mol H 2 锛坓锛夊畬鍏ㄧ噧鐑х敓鎴1mol H 2 O锛1锛夋斁鍑虹儹閲285.8kJ锛屽嵆鍒嗚В1mol H 2 O锛1锛変负1mol H 2 锛坓锛夋秷鑰楃殑鑳介噺涓285.8kJ锛屽垎瑙10mol H 2 O锛1锛夋秷鑰楃殑鑳介噺涓2858kJ銆傦紙2锛夊啓鍑虹噧鐑х儹鐨勭儹鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忥細CO(g)+1/2O 2 (g)=CO 2 (g) 鈻矵=-283.0kJ路mol -1 鈶燙H...
绛旓細锛1锛2858 锛2锛塁H 3 OH(l)+O 2 (g)===CO(g)+2H 2 O(l) 鈻矵=-443.5kJ/moL锛3锛夆憿鈶 锛4锛夛紙4-2a锛夛細4 锛1锛夋阿姘旂殑鐕冪儳鐑槸锛285.8 kJ路mol锛屾墍浠1mol姘村垎瑙闇瑕佺殑鑳介噺灏辨槸285.8 kJ锛屽垯鍒嗚В10mol姘村氨闇瑕2858 kJ銆傦紙2锛夋牴鎹鎰忓彲鐭ワ紝鈶燙H 3 OH(l)+3/2O...
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绛旓細锛1锛夌敱H2锛坓锛夌殑鐕冪儳鐑柍H涓-285.8kJ?mol-1鐭ワ紝1molH2锛坓锛夊畬鍏ㄧ噧鐑х敓鎴1molH2O锛坙锛夋斁鍑虹儹閲285.8kJ锛屽嵆鍒嗚В1mol H2O锛坙锛変负1mol H2锛坓锛夋秷鑰楃殑鑳介噺涓285.8kJ锛屽垯鍒嗚В5mol H2O锛坙锛夋秷鑰楃殑鑳介噺涓285.8kJ脳5=1429kJ锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細1429锛涳紙2锛夌敱CO锛坓锛夊拰CH3OH锛坙锛夌殑鐕冪儳鐑柍H鍒嗗埆...
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绛旓細锛1锛夌敱CO锛坓锛夊拰CH3OH锛坙锛夌殑鐕冪儳鐑柍H鍒嗗埆涓-283.0kJ?mol-1鍜-726.5kJ?mol-1锛屽垯鈶燙O锛坓锛+12O2锛坓锛=CO2锛坓锛夆柍H=-283.0kJ?mol-1 鈶H3OH锛坙锛+12O2锛坓锛=CO2锛坓锛+2 H2O锛坙锛夆柍H=-726.5kJ?mol-1 鐢辩洊鏂畾寰嬪彲鐭ワ紝鈶-鈶犲緱鍙嶅簲CH3OH锛坙锛+O2锛坓锛=CO锛坓锛+2 H2O...
