高中英语单项选择中，what 和 that的用法区别，求详解，江苏高考中常考的那种。 名词性从句中的What和That的区别，详解
\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684What\u548cThat\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u8be6\u89e3\u3002\u4e00that \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee3\u8bcdthat\u9664\u5f15\u5bfc\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5916\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u7686\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u2460 It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
\u2461 ---- Don\u2019t you think it necessary that he go home at once? ---- but the problem is that there is no car.
\u2462 There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
\u2463 Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us got full mark.
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cthat \u5206\u522b\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u9664\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2athat \u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684that \u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0cthat\u4e0d\u4f5c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u2460 Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport. \u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cthat\u5f15\u5bfc\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\u3002
\u2461 It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. \u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cit \u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0cthat\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u624d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0cthat\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\u3002 \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0cthat\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bcd\u6c47\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u2460 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother\u2019s birthday.
\u2461 Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8003\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cthat\u4ec5\u8d77\u5f15\u5bfc\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bcd\u6c47\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cthat \u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bcd\u4e49\u3002
\u4e8c\uff0e what\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5
\u9996\u5148\uff0cwhat \u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0cwhat \u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7701\u7565\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0ethat\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\u2460 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his teammates had done. what \u5728\u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0cwhat \u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002
\u2461 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped. what\u5728\u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5bfc\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0cwhat \u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8bcd\u6c47\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u8fd9\u662fwhat \u4e0ethat \u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cWhat \u4e00\u822c\u6307\u201c----\u7684\u4e1c\u897f/\u4e8b\u60c5/\u4eba/\u65f6\u95f4/\u5730\u70b9\u7b49\u201d\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u2460 Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom? what\u5728\u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5bfc\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5e76\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c----\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3001\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u201d\u3002
\u2461 It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u578b\uff0c\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531what\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0cwhat\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c----\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3001\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5173\u952e\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002 \u6700\u540e\uff0cwhat \u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ea\u8d77\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u4f5c\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u6210\u5206\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662fwhat \u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u4e0ethat \u7528\u6cd5\u533a\u522b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002
\u2460 I just wonder_________ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is \u8fd9\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u662fD, \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u578b\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8003\u4f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6210\u5206what \u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ea\u8d77\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5cmakes \u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002
\u2461 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cwhat \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ecb\u8bcdin \u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u540c\u65f6what \u53c8\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u2026\u2026\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0cthat \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7531what \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u2462 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. \u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcdat\u540e\u9762\u7528\u4e86what\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0cwhat\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u800cthat\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\uff0c\uff0c\uff0cwhat \u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4f5c\u6210\u5206\u6709\u8bcd\u4e49\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002
\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662fwhat\u662f\u8981\u505a\u6210\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u91cc\u7684\u4e3b\u5bbe\u8868\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a"\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u800cthat\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5b9e\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50
I want to know what he has told you. \u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u91ccwhat\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.\u663e\u7136\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\u4e0d\u7f3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\uff0cthat\u5c31\u50cf\u80f6\u5e03\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u53e5\u4ece\u53e5
主从复合句(主要涉及到的有主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句等)是<<中学英语教学大纲>>规定必修的教学内容，是学习的重难点，几乎是每年高考试题设置考题的热点。许多考生在判断引导词that和what时经常感到模棱两可，无法取舍。下面对that与what的用法区别进行简单分析与归纳，希望有所帮助。 一､主语从句 that引导主语从句位于句首，无实在意义，仅起引导词的作用，不能省略。但在大多数情况下一般用it作形式主语。that从句后置作真正的主语。而what引导的主语从句，相当于the thing(s) that，“所……的”具有双重意义，既充当引导词，又在从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。 1. ____ in the regulations that you should tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(2005上海卷) A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 解析:选C。it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，且从句中不缺任何成分，that仅仅起连接词的作用。且that从句的内容是require所要的，两者是被动关系。 2. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2002上海春) A. What B. That C. This D. Which 解析:选B。分析句子结构可知该空引导主语从句且从句成分意义完整，故填that。 3. ____ he said at the conference astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 解析:选A。what引导名词性从句时，what=the thing(s) that， what he said at the conference意为他在会上所说的话;what在从句中充当said的宾语。 支招:分析句子结构，看空格处是否引导主语从句，意义是否完整。 二､宾语从句 主句中的谓语动词后如果跟that引导的宾语从句，that只是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，that有时也可省略，而what引导宾语从句在从句中作相应的成分，相当于the thing(s) that，不能省略。 1. ——What did your parents think about your decision? ——They always let me do ____ I think I should.(2006全国卷Ⅲ) A. when B. that C. how D. what 解析:选D。I think是插入语，可以去掉，不影响句意表达，what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语，句中在should后省略了实义动词do。 2. ——Could you do me a favour? ——It depends on ____ it is.(2006北京卷) A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever 解析:选B。what引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语;what在从句中作is的表语。句意为:“你能帮我一个忙吗?”“这要看是什么事情啊!” 支招:分析句子结构，看空格处是否引导宾语从句;分析语境逻辑，看从句意义是否完整。 三､表语从句 that引导表语从句仅仅起连接词作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，因为从句意义已完整，that本身没有实在意义;what引导表语从句，相当于the thing(s) that，在从句中充当成分。 1. See the flags on top of the building? That was ____ we did this morning!(2006全国卷I) A. when B. which C. where D. what 解析:选D。what we did this morning是表语从句，what在从句中作did的宾语。句意为“看到楼顶上那些红旗了吗?那就是我们今早所做的!” 2. ——Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York? ——I agree， but the problem is ____ he has refused to.(2005江苏卷) A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 解析:选B。vt+it necessary+that从句应用虚拟语气，动词形式为(should)do形式。因此第一空为(should)not be sent;分析句子结构可知，第二空为引导表语从句，he has refused to意义已经完整，因此第二空应填that引导表语从句。 支招:分析句子结构，确定空格处是否为表语从句;分析从句成分是否完整，确定that有无实在意义。 四､同位语从句 一般在fact(s)， news， evidence， concept， belief， doubt， thought， idea， truth， opinion， order， suggestions， sign等抽象名词后，由连接词that引导同位语从句，说明抽象名词的内容或意义，that不充当任何句子成分，只是起连接词的作用，不能省略;what不能引导同位语从句。 1. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津卷) A. that B. which C. until D. if 解析:选A。考查同位语从句。Bill will recover from…the race作chance的同位语从句，用来说明chance的具体内容。 2. A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(2006安徽卷) A. if B. when C. that D. which 解析:选C。that引导的同位语从句被谓语部分suddenly came to me分割开，同时该句不缺成分，仅需引导词，故选C。有时从句太长，就不一定紧跟在所说明的名词之后，这样很难被考生辨认发现而导致错选。 支招:从句子结构看是否是先行词具体内容的体现;从句子成分看空格处是否是在从句中充当成分。 五､定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词较多，that是使用较频繁的一个，处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。当然that也可省略;what不能引导定语从句，但在下列情况下只能用that且不可省略。 (1)先行词为不定代词something， anything， all， little等; (2)先行词为序数词或形容词最高级修饰时; (3)当主语为who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that不用其他关系代词; (4)先行词兼指人与物时; (5)先行词为表语，或者关系代词本身就是定语从句的表语时。 1. She was so angry at all ____ he was doing ____ she walked out， and closed the door behind her. A. that; that B. what; what C. what; as D. that; which 解析:选A。该题中的第二个that与前面的so构成so…that结构，意为“如此……以致”，而第一个that引导定语从句，先行词为all， all that he was doing意为“他所做的事”。 2. These people once had fame and fortune; now ____ is left to them is little poverty. A. all thatB. all what C. all which D. that all 解析:选A。句意为“这些人都曾有名誉和财富，而现在只剩下贫穷”。 六､强调句型 that引导强调句型，that只是一个引导词，不能在句子中充当任何成分。强调句式的判断方法是:将it is/was…that…去掉后，句子结构仍然完整，what不能引导强调句型。 1. It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important. (2006辽宁卷) A. that B. when C. since D. as 解析:选A。强调句型，强调的是时间状语从句after he got what he had desired。 2. It wasn’t until nearly a month later ____ I received the manager’s reply.(2005全国卷I) A. since B. when C. as D. that 解析:选D。强调句型，对not…until句型强调时，习惯上用It was not until…that…结构。 七､替代 在英语中为了避免重复，常用that来进行特指，指代前面提到过的那类物，用于指代不可数名词。 1. By 1990， production in the area is expected to double ____ of 1980. A. that B. it C. one D. what 解析:选A。that在该句中用来代替前面出现的名词production。句意为“到1990年，该地区的产量有望比1980年增加一倍”。
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简单说一下吧：
what是名词从句引导词，从句常做主、宾、表。
what的意思很多，但一般是两种：1、什么；2、所……的
还有一种就是相当于：the+n+that（这个名词得看上下文来定）
如：
I don't know what he said.我不知道他说什么。
What he said is true.她所说的是真的。
He lives in what used to be a tower.他住在过去曾经是一座塔的地方。（what=the place that)
而that引导的从句很多。（名词从句中，是连词；定语从句中，是代词；状语从句中，也是连词）
说一下名词从句吧：
that引导的名词从句充当主、宾、表、同位语从句的。
它与what的最大区别就是：that没意义，只是连接作用，是个连词，that从句是完整结构的句子；
what意义上面说了，它是个连接代词，在从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语。
当what和that都作关系代词时what引导名词性从句，that可引导名词性从句，也可引导定语从句，可引导强调句。1.当what引导名词性从句时e.g.What he said was true.what从句作整个句子的主语，从句的宾语。 I can't imagine what he has done.what从句作整个句子的宾语，从句的宾语。 It is what is right. what从句作整个句子的表语,从句的主语。2.当that引导名词性从句时e.g.That he was admitted to the Fudan university was known.这里注意的是That后跟一个完整的句子，句子充当一个名词性主语，That从句用法和一一样3.当that引导定语从句时e.g.He is a person that/who always helps others.The title which /that is on the right should be revised.此处我只举了定语从句的一个方面4.当that引导强调句时e.g.It is he that got the straight A's强调句的特点是把It is和that去掉也能成句
what ===all that
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