ch3.8热力学基本方程与麦克斯韦关系式 热力学基本公式以及麦克斯韦关系式是不是只适用于物理过程？
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绛旓細839鐗╃悊鍖栧--姹傚疄鑰冪爺2017涓撶増 閾炬帴: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ei2z2gyxTGEzjsZEdoHpag ?pwd=vjys 鎻愬彇鐮: vjys
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绛旓細楹﹀厠鏂煢鏂圭▼缁 鐧剧鍚嶇墖 鍏充簬鐑姏瀛鐨勬柟绋,璇﹁鈥滈害鍏嬫柉闊﹀叧绯诲紡鈥濄傞害鍏嬫柉闊︽柟绋嬬粍(鑻辫:Maxwell's equations)鏄嫳鍥界墿鐞嗗瀹堕害鍏嬫柉闊﹀湪19涓栫邯寤虹珛鐨勬弿杩扮數纾佸満鐨鍩烘湰鏂圭▼缁勩傚畠鍚湁鍥涗釜鏂圭▼,涓嶄粎鍒嗗埆鎻忚堪浜嗙數鍦哄拰纾佸満鐨勮涓,涔熸弿杩颁簡瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯汇傜洰褰曢害鍏嬫柉闊︽柟绋嬬粍 Maxwell's equations 楹﹀厠鏂煢鏂圭▼缁勭殑鍦颁綅 鍘...
绛旓細涓锛岀幆澧冪喌鍙=Q锛堢幆澧冿級/T锛堢幆澧冿級=-Q锛堢郴缁燂級/T锛堢幆澧冿級浜岋紝绯荤粺鐔靛彉鍒嗕笁绉嶆儏鍐碉細1锛屽崟绾疨VT鍙樺寲 锛1锛夌悊鎯虫皵浣撳崟绾痯vt鍙樺寲螖S=nCv,m螖TlnT2/T1+nRlnV1/V2 锛2锛夊嚌鑱氭佺墿璐ㄥ崟绾痯vt鍙樺寲鍒嗘亽娓╂亽鍘嬩袱绉嶆儏鍐 2锛岀浉鍙樺寲锛氬彲閫嗙浉鍙樼敤鎽╁皵鐩稿彉鐔电畻螖S=n螖Sm 3锛屽寲瀛﹀彉鍖栫敤鎽╁皵鍙嶅簲鐔电畻 涓夛紝...
绛旓細鍦ㄥ彲閫嗗惊鐜腑锛屾湁鐔电殑鍏ㄥ井鍒哾S=dQ/T锛屽張鐢鐑姏瀛绗竴瀹氬緥dQ=dU+dW锛涘鏋滃彧鑰冭檻绯荤粺浣撶Н鏀瑰彉鎵鍋氱殑鍔燂紝鍒欑殑dW=pdV,甯﹀叆绗竴瀹氬緥锛屽緱TdS=dU+pdV,涔熷嵆dU=TdS-pdV;鍙堝洜H=U+pV(鍋氬嫆璁╁痉鍙樻崲)锛屾墍浠H=dU+pdV+Vdp,涓庝笂寮忕浉鍔狅紝鏈 dH锛漈dS锛媀dp锛涙渶鍚庝竴涓紡瀛愶紝鎴戝鐨勬槸璧闇嶅吂鑷敱鑳...
绛旓細1. 姘斾綋銆佺儹鍔涘绗竴瀹氬緥銆佺儹鍔涘绗簩瀹氬緥 (~22 %)鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鐘舵佹柟绋嬨佽寖寰峰崕鏂圭▼銆佸帇缂╁洜瀛愬畾涔夈傜儹鍔涘绗竴銆佺浜屽畾寰嬪強鍏舵暟瀛﹁〃杈惧紡锛 pVT 鍙樺寲銆佺浉鍙樺寲涓庡寲瀛﹀弽搴旇繃绋嬩腑 W銆 Q銆 U銆丠銆 S銆 A 涓 G 鐨勮绠楋紱鐔靛鍘熺悊鍙婁笁绉嶅钩琛″垽鎹備簡瑙鐑姏瀛﹀熀鏈柟绋嬪拰楹﹀厠鏂煢鍏崇郴寮忕殑绠鍗曞簲鐢紱鍏嬫媺璐濋緳...
绛旓細dUTdSpdVdHTdSVdpdASdTpdVdGSdTVdp 鐑姏瀛﹀熀鏈柟绋閫傜敤浜庡皝闂殑鐑姏瀛﹀钩琛＄郴缁熸墍杩涜鐨勪竴鍒囧彲閫嗚繃绋嬨傝鐨勬洿璇︾粏浜涳紝瀹冧滑涓嶄粎閫傜敤浜庝竴瀹氶噺鐨勫崟鐩哥函鐗╄川锛屾垨缁勬垚鎭掑畾鐨勫缁勫垎绯荤粺鍙戠敓鍗曠函p, V, T鍙樺寲鐨勮繃绋...
绛旓細鍓嶈█绗1绔犵儹鍔涘鍩烘湰瑙勫緥1.1鐑姏瀛︾郴缁熺儹鍔涘骞宠 鎬1.2鐑姏瀛︾闆跺畾寰嬫俯搴1.3鐗╂佹柟绋1.4鍑嗛潤鎬佽繃绋嬪姛1.5鐑姏瀛︾涓瀹氬緥鍐呰兘1.6鐑姏瀛︾浜屽畾寰1.7鐔靛拰鐔靛鍔犲師鐞嗕範棰樼2绔犵儹鍔涘鐗规у嚱鏁版硶鍙婂叾搴旂敤2.1鐗规у嚱鏁2.2鐗规у嚱鏁扮殑鐗瑰緛楹﹀厠鏂煢鍏崇郴2.3寮绯荤殑鐑姏瀛﹀熀鏈柟绋嬪拰鐑姏瀛﹀叕寮2.4鐗规у嚱鏁版硶...
绛旓細鐑姏瀛鐨勫洓涓鍩烘湰鏂圭▼锛歞U=TdS-PdV锛沝H=TdS+VdP锛沝F=-SdT-PdV锛沝G=-SdT+VdP銆傜儹鍔涘锛坱hermodynamics锛夋槸浠庡畯瑙傝搴︾爺绌剁墿璐ㄧ殑鐑繍鍔ㄦц川鍙婂叾瑙勫緥鐨勫绉戙傚睘浜庣墿鐞嗗鐨勫垎鏀紝瀹冧笌缁熻鐗╃悊瀛﹀垎鍒瀯鎴愪簡鐑鐞嗚鐨勫畯瑙傚拰寰涓や釜鏂归潰銆傜儹鍔涘涓昏鏄粠鑳介噺杞寲鐨勮鐐规潵鐮旂┒鐗╄川鐨勭儹鎬ц川 锛屽畠鎻ず浜嗚兘閲忎粠...
