黄皮的病虫防治 黄皮果树管理技术
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黄皮主要病虫害有炭疽病、煤烟病、蚜虫、介壳虫、潜叶蛾、红蜘蛛、白蛾蜡蝉等。
农业防治:加强果园管理,增强树势;防旱排渍,做好整形修剪工作,保持通风透光;冬季清洁果园。
物理防治:采用银灰膜避蚜、黄色粘虫板诱杀等。
生物防治:合理选用农药及使用农药;在果园中保留覆盖白花草,保护利用天敌(如捕食螨、食螨瓢虫、草蛉、寄生菌等),采用生物农药防治病虫害。
化学防治:做好病虫害的测报工作,适时用药,交替用药,选用高效、低毒、低残留农药。 彻底清除蚜虫、介壳虫等传媒,在发病初期及时喷药防治,可在杀菌剂中加入杀虫剂(注意农药是否可以混合使用),达到除虫防病目的。可选用硫磺胶悬剂400倍或50%代森锌800倍或30%氧氯化铜悬浮液600倍防治。
蚜虫抽梢抽穗期为防治重点,用2.5%功夫水乳剂2000倍或40%乐果乳油1000倍或80%敌敌畏乳油800倍喷雾防治。 叶和根含黄酮甙、生物碱、香豆素及酚类化合物;种子含油约53%。黄皮的果实成熟后除可以生吃外,还可以加工制成果酱、蜜饯、饮料和糖果。
黄皮种子富含油分,出油率高达42%,为优良的润滑剂。黄皮作为一种优质的水果,其果实除鲜食外,尚可加工成果冻、果酱、蜜饯、果饼及清凉饮料等或盐渍、糖渍。所以,在民间黄皮素有“果中之宝”之称。
夏天吃黄皮时,可以将果肉、果皮和果核放在口中嚼碎,连渣带汁一并吞下,味虽有些苦,但可以起到降火、治疗消化不良、胃脘饱胀的作用。
黄皮生津止渴、消食健胃的夏季滋味,民间也喜欢拿水煎黄皮叶来防治感冒,或者用黄皮树根来治气痛。黄皮的果皮和果核也都是入药良材,有利尿消肿、行气止痛等功效。黄皮促进消化功能。
黄皮果
性味:味苦;辛;酸,微温。
功能主治:行气;消食;化痰。主食积胀满;脘腹疼痛;疝痛;痰饮咳喘。
用法用量:内服:煎汤,15-30g。
使用注意:《本草求原》:多食动火,发疮节。
黄皮果核
性味:味辛;微苦;性微温。
功能主治:行气止痛;解毒散结。主食滞胃痛;气滞脘腹疼痛;疝痛;睾丸肿痛;痛经;小儿头疮;蜈蚣咬伤。
用法用量:内服:煎汤,9-15g。外用:捣烂敷。
使用注意:气虚者禁服。
黄皮叶
性味:辛;苦;性平。
功能主治:解表散热;行气化痰;利尿;解毒。主温病发热;流脑;疟疾;咳嗽痰喘;脘腹疼痛;风湿痹痛;黄肿;小便不利;热毒疥癣;蛇虫咬伤。
用法用量:内服:煎汤,15-30g(鲜品30-60g)。外用:适量,煎水洗或捣烂敷。
黄皮根
性味:味辛;苦;微温。
功能主治:行气止痛。主气滞胃痛;腹痛;疝痛;风湿骨痛;痛经。
用法用量:内服:煎汤9-60g。
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