宏观货币政策的三大工具是如何发挥作用的 宏观经济学题：简述中央银行的三大货币政策工具及其如何调节经济...
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\u3000\u30001. \u5b58\u6b3e\u51c6\u5907\u91d1\u653f\u7b56\u3002
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\u3000\u30002. \u518d\u8d34\u73b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002
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\u3000\u30003. \u516c\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002
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货币政策三大工具是：法定准备金率，再贴现率，公开市场操作。法定准备金率：央行强制商业银行留下的储蓄，不能贷出。提高或降低法定准备金率就会降低或增加银行的可贷资金，从而减少或增加经济中的货币量。
再贴现率：商业银行向央行借款的成本。提高再贴现率，商业银行借款成本就会增加，那么它们就会增加储备金，来应对顾客提款等应急事件，从而尽量避免向央行借款。增加储备金就意味着可贷资金的减少，经济中的货币量就减少了。所以提高再贴现率就会减少经济中的货币量。
公开市场操作：一，央行卖出手中的债券收回经济中多于的货币；二，央行印制钞票购买市场中的债券，增加经济中的货币量。
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