英语的虚拟语气是怎么回事 ？（最好举例说明） 英语里的虚拟语气是怎么回事啊

\u600e\u6837\u5b66\u597d\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff1f

1\u3001\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a \u3000
\u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+should/would/could/might+do\uff08\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff09
2\u3001\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
\u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had done
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+should/would/could/might+have done\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09
3\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u63a8\u6d4b
\u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u2460if+\u4e3b\u8bed+were to do \u4e3b\u53e5\uff1a\u2460\u4e3b\u8bed+should/would/could/might+do
\u3000\u2461if+\u4e3b\u8bed+did/were \u2461\u4e3b\u8bed+should/would/could/might+do
\u3000\u3000\u2462if+\u4e3b\u8bed+should+do \u2462\u4e3b\u8bed+should/would/could/might+do

4\u3001 \u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e94\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u70b9\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5982\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u683c\u7b49\u5c31\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u5566\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u591a\u9020\u9020\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u51e0\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u3002\u52a0\u6cb9\u54e6\uff01

1\u3001\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3001\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3001\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u548c\u975e\u771f\u5b9e(\u865a\u62df)\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff1a
If I have time, I will go with them. \u5047\u82e5\u6211\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u3002(\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14)
If I were you, I would go with them. \u5047\u82e5\u6211\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u3002(\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14)
\u25b2 \u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u82e5\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(be\u901a\u5e38\u7528were)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould (would, could, might)+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff1a
If I knew her number \uff0cI could ring her up. \u8981\u662f\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5979\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u4e86\u3002(\u53ef\u60dc\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053)
\u25b2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u82e5\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6(had+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould (would, could, might)+have+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d\uff1a
If I\u2019d left sooner\uff0cI\u2019d have been on time. \u8981\u662f\u6211\u65e9\u70b9\u52a8\u8eab\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u51c6\u65f6\u5230\u4e86\u3002(\u4f46\u6211\u52a8\u8eab\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86)
\u25b2\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u82e5\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(be\u901a\u5e38\u7528were)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould (would, could, might)+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff1a
If I asked him\uff0cI\u2019m sure he\u2019d help us. \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5411\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u3002(\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8fd9\u6837\u505a)
\u6ce8\uff1a\u51e0\u70b9\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e
\u2460 \u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684should\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u540e\u3002would, might, could\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1awould\u8868\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cmight\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0ccould\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a
If you tried again \uff0cyou would succeed. \u8981\u662f\u4f60\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002(would\u8868\u7ed3\u679c)
If you tried again\uff0c you might succeed. \u8981\u662f\u4f60\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002(might\u8868\u53ef\u80fd)
If you tried again \uff0cyou could succeed. \u8981\u662f\u4f60\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002(could\u8868\u80fd\u529b)
\u2463 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6b64\u7528\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u9664\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d(\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6781\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e07\u4e00\u201d)\u6216\u201cwere to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d(\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe)\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u5f53\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u9664\u53ef\u7528\u201cshould (would, could, might)+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u76f4\u9648\u8bed\u6c14\u6216\u7948\u4f7f\u8bed\u6c14\uff1a
If it should rain tomorrow, don\u2019t expect me. \u4e07\u4e00\u660e\u5929\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u7b49\u6211\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u7948\u4f7f\u8bed\u6c14\uff09
If I should see him, I\u2019ll tell him. \u4e07\u4e00\u6211\u89c1\u5230\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u3002\uff08\u76f4\u9648\u8bed\u6c14\uff09
2\u3001\u9519\u7efc\u65f6\u95f4\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
\u6240\u8c13\u9519\u7efc\u65f6\u95f4\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u5373\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u6240\u6307\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u53e5\u6307\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u53e5\u5373\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u65f6\u6001\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff1a
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. \u8981\u662f\u6628\u665a\u4e0b\u8fc7\u96e8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5730\u9762\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u6e7f\u7684\u3002
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. \u5047\u82e5\u4f60\u5f53\u65f6\u542c\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u4f1a\u597d\u591a\u4e86\u3002
3\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u8003\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u53e5\u578b
\u25b2 \u53e5\u578b\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u578b\u662fIf it weren\u2019t for\u2026\u548cIf it hadn\u2019t been for\u2026\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f88\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u53e5\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u547d\u9898\u4eba\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f(\u6709)\u201d\u201c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
If it weren\u2019t for water, no plant could grow. \u8981\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6c34\u690d\u7269\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u957f\u3002
If it hadn\u2019t been for your assistance \uff0cwe wouldn\u2019t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance \uff0cwe wouldn\u2019t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance \uff0cwe wouldn\u2019t have succeeded.
5\u3001wish\u540e\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u25b2 \u7528\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e
\u52a8\u8bcdwish\u540e\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1b\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6216would / could+have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff1b\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u7528would (could)\uff0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1a
\u6ce8\uff1a\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f
\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u53ea\u4e0e\u4ece\u53e5\u6240\u6307\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0ewish\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a
I wish I were rich. \u8981\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u94b1\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
I wish I had been rich. \u8981\u662f\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u6709\u94b1\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
I wished I were rich. \u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u540e\u6094\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u3002
I wished I had been rich. \u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u540e\u6094\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u3002
6\u3001if only\u540e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
if only \u4e0e I wish\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u6240\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u4e0e wish\u540e\u6240\u63a5\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u540c\uff1a
If only she had had more courage! \u5979\u518d\u52c7\u6562\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
If only I had listened to my parents! \u6211\u8981\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u542c\u4e86\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
If only she would go with me! \u5979\u8981\u662f\u613f\u610f\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u9053\u53bb\u5c31\u597d\u4e86!
\u6ce8\uff1aif only \u901a\u5e38\u72ec\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u53e5\u3002
7\u3001as if (though) \u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u25b2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\u4ee5as if (as though)\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6216\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff1b\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u7528would (might, could)+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff1a
He acts as if he knew me. \u4ed6\u663e\u5f97\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6211\u4f3c\u7684\u3002
They treat me as though I were a stranger. \u4ed6\u4eec\u5f85\u6211\u5982\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002
He talks as if he had been abroad. \u4ed6\u8bf4\u8d77\u8bdd\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u8fc7\u56fd\u3002
\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e24\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e
(1) \u4ece\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u82e5\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff1a
It looks as if we\u2019ll be late. \u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u8fdf\u5230\u4e86\u3002
(2) \u6ce8\u610f It isn\u2019t as if\u2026\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a
It isn\u2019t as if he were poor. \u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u7a77\u7684\u6837\u5b50(\u6216\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e0d\u7a77)\u3002
8\u3001It\u2019s time\u540e\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u25b2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u6216\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d(\u8f83\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u4e14should\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565)\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e3a\u201c(\u65e9)\u8be5\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b\u4e86\u201d\uff1a
It\u2019s time we went [were going, should go]. \u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u8d70\u4e86\u3002
It\u2019s time I was in bed. \u6211\u8be5\u4e0a\u5e8a\u7761\u4e86\u3002(\u4e0d\u7528were)
9\u3001would rather\u540e\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u5728would rather, would sooner, would just as soon \u540e\u7684that\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d, \u53e5\u5b50\u8c13\u8bed\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c \u8868\u793a\u201d\u5b81\u613f\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d \uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7528\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a
\u25b2 \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u613f\u671b
I\u2019d rather you went tomorrow (now). \u6211\u5b81\u613f\u4f60\u660e\u5929(\u73b0\u5728)\u53bb\u3002
\u25b2 \u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8868\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u613f\u671b
I\u2019d rather you hadn\u2019t said it. \u6211\u771f\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u8fc7\u3002
10\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u768410\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b
\u25b2 I wish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u52a8\u8bcdwish\u540e\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1b\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6216would / could+have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff1b\u82e5\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u7528would (could)\uff0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1a
I wish I could be of some use. \u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u80fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002
We wish he didn\u2019t smoke. \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5438\u70df\u3002
I wish prices would come down. \u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7269\u4ef7\u80fd\u964d\u4e0b\u6765\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307insist\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
I insisted that he (should) stay. \u6211\u575a\u6301\u8981\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u3002
\u6ce8\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcdinsist\u540e\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u53ef\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff1b\u82e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a
He insisted that I had read his letter. \u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\u6211\u770b\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u3002
He insisted that I should read his letter. \u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6211\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307order, command\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. \u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u5b83\u9001\u56de\u53bb\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5efa\u8bae\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307advise, suggest, propose, recommend\u7b49\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He suggested that we should leave early. \u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u70b9\u52a8\u8eab\u3002
\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcdinsist\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcdsuggest\u540e\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u53ef\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e5f\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6suggest\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u8bae\u201d\uff1b\u82e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3a\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684suggest\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8868\u660e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u4f53\u4f1a\uff1a
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. \u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u5403\u996d\u3002
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. \u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u5ba3\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307ask, demand, require, request\u7b49\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
I ask that he leave. \u6211\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u8d70\u5f00\u3002
He requires that I (should) appear. \u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u51fa\u573a\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u63d0\u8bae\u201d\u201c\u6295\u7968\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307move, vote\u7b49\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
I move that we accept the proposal. \u6211\u63d0\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u9879\u63d0\u6848\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u6566\u4fc3\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcdurge\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He urged that they go to Europe. \u4ed6\u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u53bb\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5b89\u6392\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcdarrange\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He arranged that I should go abroad. \u4ed6\u5b89\u6392\u6211\u53bb\u56fd\u5916\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u201c\u6253\u7b97\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcddesire, intend\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
She desires that he do it. \u5979\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u505a\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002
\u25b2 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u6307\u793a\u201d\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcddirect\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684should\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. \u5c06\u519b\u6307\u793a\u91ca\u653e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fd8\u864f\u3002
11\u3001\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u5728It is necessary\uff0cimportant\uff0cstrange\uff0cnatural\uff0c advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. \uff1bit is a pity\uff1bIt is requested/suggested/desired/proposed\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5373Should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u6216\u53ea\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1a
\u25b2 It\u2019s important\u2026\u7c7b
\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ecIt is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .\u53e5\u578b\u3002\u5982\uff1a
It is impossible that he should go home. \u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56de\u5bb6\u53bb\u3002
\u25b2 It\u2019s a pity\u2026\u7c7b
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. \u5979\u7adf\u5403\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e48\u5dee\uff0c\u771f\u53ef\u601c\u3002
\u25b2 It\u2019s desired\u2026\u7c7b
\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8fd8\u5e38\u7528\u5728It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...\u53e5\u578b\u3002\u5982\uff1a
It is requested that a vote be taken. \u5efa\u8bae\u4ed8\u8bf8\u8868\u51b3\u3002
12\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u5728advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation \uff0csuggestion\uff0c idea\uff0cplan\uff0corder\u7b49\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5373should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u6216\u53ea\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1a
Our suggestion is that you\uff08 should\uff09be the first to go\uff0e \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u3002
13\u3001 \u5728 lest \uff0cfor fear that( \u4ee5\u514d) , in case (\u4ee5\u9632)\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u5728 lest \uff0cfor fear that( \u4ee5\u514d) , in case (\u4ee5\u9632)\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7528should\uff0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62, should \u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. \u5979\u8d70\u5f97\u5f88\u8f7b\u4ee5\u514d\u5435\u9192\u5979\u7684\u5ba4\u53cb\u3002






\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u5bf9\u6bd4
\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53e5\u578b \u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f \u4f8b\u53e5
\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08be \u591a\u7528were \uff09 1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1awould/should/could/might+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
\u8868\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\uff1ahad + PP 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1awould/should/could/might +have + PP
\u8868\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u2460\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u2461should +V\u539f\u2462\uff08were +to do \uff09 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1awould/should/could/might +have + PP
\u7701\u7565 if \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u628awere,had\u7b49\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002(\u5e76\u53ea\u9650were/ had)
\u4e3b\u53e5\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u865a\u62df\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0e\u4ece\u53e5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 1. Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.)
2. Were it not for the rain, (\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4Weren\u2019t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming.
\u9519\u7efc\u65f6\u95f4\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\uff08\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09 \u6839\u636e\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002 1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now
2. If we hadn\u2019t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.
\u542b\u84c4\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\uff08\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u6697\u542b\u5728\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff09(\u5e38\u89c1\u6709but for\u201c\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u201d without\u7b49) \u6839\u636e\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f 1.Without air, there would be no living things.
2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.

\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
wish, \u201c\u53ef\u60dc\u2026\u2026\u201d\u201c\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6094\u4e0d\u8be5\u2026\u2026\u201d\u201c\u4f46\u613f\u2026\u2026\u201d wish\u540e\u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u4e0e\u8868\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\u5177\u4f53\uff1a1\uff0c\u8868\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0cbe \u7528were\u201d
2.\u8868\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u201chad+PP \u6216 could/would +have +PP\u201c
3. .\u8868\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u201ccould/would +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d
1.I wish I were a bird.

2. I wish I had known the answer..

would rather \u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 would rather\u540e\u4ece\u53e5\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f 1. I would rather they came tomorrow
demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire\u7b49\u4e00\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\uff08suggest\u8868\u201c\u6697\u793a\u3001\u9690\u542b\u7b49\u201dinsist\u8868\u201c\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u529b\u8a00\u7b49\u201d\u4e0d\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\uff09 \u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff0cshould\u53ef\u7701\u3002 1. I suggest you (should)go at once.
2. He suggested that he patient\u2019s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u4e2asuggest\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7ffb\u8bd1)
\u201cIt is (was)+\u4e0a\u8ff0demand/suggest\u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff08\u6216important,natural,strange ,necessary\u7b49\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff09\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff0cshould\u53ef\u7701\u3002 1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand\u7b49\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6216\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u201cshould+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff0cshould\u53ef\u7701\u3002 His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours.
\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
as if \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u8868\u793a\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u65f6\uff09\u4f46\u8868\u771f\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002 \u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002 1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl.
2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing.
so that, in order that\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 May/might/should +V\u539f I live so that others may live better.
It is (the very/high)time that\u540e\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 \u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed.
It is time that I were leaving.
\u7701\u53bb\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684If only(\u8981\u662f\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u597d\u4e86)\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5 \u4e0ewish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002 If only I hadn\u2019t lost the chance!
(= I wish I hadn\u2019t lost the chance)
\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u795d\u613f\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 \u5e38\u7528\u539f\u5f62\u6216\u201cMay+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d Long live world peace!
May you be happy1
\u8868\u59d4\u5a49\u5ba2\u6c14\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u8bed\u53e5 \u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62 Could I borrow your bike?
Would you please give me a hand?
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
\u4e00\u3001\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53e5
If 1.\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(\u6216were)
2.\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff09+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62 Should
Would +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
could
might
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
\u4e8c.\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53e5
If 1. should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
2. \u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f
3\u3001were to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62 Should
Would +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
could
might
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
\u4e09\u3001\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53e5
If had+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd Should
Would + have+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
could
might
If I\u2019d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
\u56db\u3001\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5
\u7701\u6389if\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,\u2026)
2.\u6709\u65f6\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u800c\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u3001\u5206\u8bcd\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6216\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he...)

(=If there were no water,\u2026)

(=If you hadn\u2019t helped me,\u2026)
3. \u6709\u65f6\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
If he had followed the doctor\u2019s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
\u4e94\u3001\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5
1\u3001Suggest, advise \u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u987b\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5176\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order, +that\u2026(should )+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
devide, ask, move, propose\u7b49
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u6b64\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2dthat\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff1bshould\u7701\u4e0d\u7701\u5747\u53ef\u3002
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0cthat \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4ecd\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
\u5982\u679cthat \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
He insists that he is right.
2\u3001It is (was )+necessary, a pity \u7b49+that\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u987b\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5176\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
imperative, advisable, \u52a8\u8bcd\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f
It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that\u2026(should) +
essential, strange,\u7b49 \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor\u2019s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
3\u3001wish\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216were\u2014\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u4e3b\u8bed+wish(that)+\u4e3b\u8bed + \u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u2014\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bd5+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u2014\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they\u2019d let us get some sleep.
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1awish\u4e0ehope\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1ahope\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u3002wish\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u96be\u6216\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5e0c\u671b,\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8bd5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a
\uff081\uff09 We hope they will come,(We don\u2019t know if they can come.)
\uff082\uff09 We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4\u3001as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u987b\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn\u2019t tell him.
5\u3001It\u2019s (high) time that\u2026+\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
It\u2019s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It\u2019s high time (that) we took some action.

虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实，或是不可能发生的事情，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。 一、在宾语从句中 1．当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire’’等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如： I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight．我建议我们今晚开个会。 We advise that steps(should)be taken at once．我们建议要立刻采取措施。 They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once．他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。 He ordered that aU(should)take part in the work．他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。 另外，当主句动词为“ask，move，urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时，其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如： He asked that he be given an opportunity to try．他要求给他一个尝试的机会。 I move that the money be used for books． 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。 They urged that we take action on this matter immediately．他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。 2．当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……该多好叼”之意时，其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。 ①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were，但有时也可用was)。例如： I wish 1 were／Was as strong as you．我要是像你一样强壮就好了。 I wish l remembered his address．我要是记住他的地址就好了。 有时；为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作，从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如： I wish it wasn’t raining．要是天不下雨就好 了。 ②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如： We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation．我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。 He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。 ③情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如： I wish he would try again．我希望他再试一下。 We wish he could come．我们希望他能来。 3．在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution．我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。 4．在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。 ①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如： I’d rather you went home now．我宁愿让你现在就回家。 Don’t come tomorrow．I’d rather you came nextweekend．明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。 一Shall l open a window?我开窗行吗？ 一I’d rather you didn’t．你最好别开。 ②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。 例如： I’d rather you hadn’t done that．我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。 二、在主语从句中 1．在句型“h is／was+过去分词+that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged’’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： h is desired that everyone(should)get erything ready bY toniShL要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。 It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party．请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。 2．在句型“h is／Was+形容词+that从句”中，当形容词为“important,necessary，strange，natural’’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language．掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。 It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。 3．在句型“h is／was+名词+that从句” 中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。 三、在同位语从句或表语从句中 在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan，order,advice’’等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句) His suggestion that the meeting(shoald)be held in this room has been accepted．他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句) My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference．我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句) 四、在定语从句中 在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。 例如： It iS(high)time(that)we went home．我们该回家了。 五、在状语从句中 1．在假设条件句的if条件从句中 假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构： ①与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。例如： If I were you，I shouldn’t do that．如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。 We would go with you if we had time．如果我们有时间的话，就和你一道去了。 We could ask him if he were here．如果他在这儿，我们就可以问他了。 ②与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如： If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it如果昨天他见到你，他就会问你那件事了。 If you had come earlier，you would have met him．如果你早点儿来，就会遇到他了。 1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number．如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。 ③表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／should+动词原形”。例如： If he came tomorrow,he would find me in the schoo1．如果他明天来的话，会在学校找到我。 If it should rain，the crops would be saved．如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。 If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。 注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had’’时，可省去if而将“were，should，had’’置于句首，构成倒装句。例如： Were l in your position，1 would go．如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。 Had you arrived five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off．如果你早到五分钟， 你就可以给他们送行了。 Should he come，tell him to ring me up．如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。 2．在目的状语从句中 ①在由lest 和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如： He ran away lest he(should)be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。 She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her．她解释了一遍又一遍，以免他误解她。 in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。例如： Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold．带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。 ②在由“so that…”和“in order that…” 引导的目的从句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。例如： She stayed at home for a few days so that she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。 ③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may／might／would)。例如： He worked hard for fear that he should fail．他努力学习，害怕考试不及格。 3．在方式状语从句中 由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相 反；如果是BE动词，则用were；②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如： She loves the child as if he were her own．她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。 (实际上不是她亲生的孩子) Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist．他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过，就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的) He speaks English as well as ifhe hadstudied in England．他英语说得这么好，好像他去英国学过英语似的。(实际上他没有在英国学过英语) 4．在原因状语从句中 在“I’m sorry that．—／We were surprised that一．／They were disappointed that．．．”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中，用“should十动词原形”。例如： I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health．他的身体这么差让我很难过。 We were surprised that she should be so stubbom．她这么固执让我们感到奇怪。 上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气，但这仅表示所叙述的是事实，而不表示讲话人的情绪。

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 用法及动词形式 　　1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 　　从句：If 主语+过去时 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do 　　eg：　 　　1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 　　如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 　　2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 　　如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 　　3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 　　如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 　　4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 　　如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） 　　5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 　　如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力） 　　6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 　　她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）　 　　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 　　从句：If 主语+had+done 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　 　　eg： 　　1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 　　（事实：去晚了） 　　2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 　　（事实：没有听我的话） 　　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 　　</B>从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do</b> 　　②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do</b>　 　　③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do　 　　eg： 　　1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 　　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 　　2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 　　如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小） 　　3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. 　　如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小） 　　4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 　　①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 　　eg： 　　If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 　　如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 　　If they had informed us,we would not come here now. 　　如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 　　②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 　　如： 　　If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing. 　　如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 　　If he knew her,he would have greeted her. 　　要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 　　5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg： 　　Should he agree to go there,we would send him there. 　　要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 　　Were she here,she would agree with us. 　　如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 　　Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here. 　　如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 　　6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等 　　</B>eg： 　　But for his help,we would be working now. 　　要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 　　Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress. 　　要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 　　We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him. 　　我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 　　7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 　　①省略从句 　　He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 　　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 　　②省略主句 　　If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 　　If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。 　　8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。 　　eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him. 　　如果我是你，就会去找

虚拟是指不存在的东西,不可能的事:IF I WERE YOU .IF I COULD FLY. 等等

多听多练啊，当然 单词要记住。

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