德国主要的州及其英文及发音 德国英文的读音
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People in Baden-Württemberg tend not to talk in
superlatives, even though the state continually sets
records. It is no. 1 in Europe for high-tech, German
leader for patent registrations, and famed for its inventors,
first and foremost among them Gottlieb Daimler, Carl Benz
and Robert Bosch. Today, it is not only Bosch, Daimler,
Porsche and Boss, but also mid caps like Fischer (rawl plugs),
Stihl (saws) and Würth (screws) that make it the world
champion in the export rankings. And when they’re not
working, they’re enjoying the fact that the state boasts
more starred cooks than any other. And the local wines are
so good as to be an inside tip.
Bavaria
The “beer state” of Bavaria also produces fine wine in
the Franconia region. The Oktoberfest, Neuschwanstein
Castle and the magnificent Alpine scenery
attract more foreign tourists than does any other federal
state. Yet the slogan “Laptop and Lederhose” demonstrates
that there is more to Bavaria than just a lively tradition. Its
economy, which is stronger than that of Sweden, boasts global
brands such as BMW, Audi, Siemens, MAN and EADS (Airbus).
Munich, the state capital, is home to more publishers
than any other German city. And even outside Munich, Germany’s
largest state is thriving: the annual Wagner Festival
in Bayreuth is sold out every year, as is the Passion Play in
Oberammergau, held once every ten years.
Berlin
Once a year, during the Berlinale film festival, the
world of the silver screen focuses on Berlin. And the
city’s inhabitants are used to global interest. After all,
the people of Berlin have lived in a capital city since 1458.
However, there is also a shady side to the city’s history: the
rule of the National Socialists and the East German regime,
which built a wall right through the heart of the city. Since
1990, Berlin has once again been the undivided capital city.
The Museum Island, the Berlin Philharmonic and some 150
theaters ensure the city is unique. The “scholarly capital”
boasts 20 institutes of higher education, while also being
home to outstanding firms such as Bayer Schering Pharma
or Philip Morris. And the ITB, the world’s largest tourism fair,
highlights the fact that “Berlin is well worth a visit”.
Brandenburg
The densely forested state of Brandenburg surrounds
the capital city of Berlin and benefits from the latter’s
“gin and martini belt”. However, with its numerous
lakes and forests it also has several trump cards of its own.
With the Hohenzollern castles, and in particular Sanssouci
Castle, which is included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage
List, the heart of the Kingdom of Prussia possesses jewels
of courtly architecture. Indeed Potsdam is considered one
of Germany’s most beautiful cities, featuring many architectural
highlights. Today the citizens of Brandenburg boast Hollywood
productions in the film-producing town of Babelsberg,
the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt an der
Oder and more than 280 foreign companies, including the
German HQ of Ebay.
Bremen
The Hanseatic city of Bremen arose through classic
maritime trading, in particular with coffee. In the
smallest of the federal states (divided into the city of
Bremen, and Bremerhaven, some 60 kilometers to the
north) the port accounts for every third job. The largest
employer, however, is Daimler; and the ports turn around
1,900,000 vehicles annually. The state’s cultural life is also
influenced by commerce: The Überseemuseum (Overseas
Museum) and the Schifffahrtsmuseum (Maritime
Museum) attract visitors from all over the country. The
merchants’ wealth led to the birth of a truly beautiful
architectural ensemble: the town hall market square with
its Baroque and Renaissance buildings, a tribute to the city’s
rich history, which began when it was awarded market
rights back in 888.
Hamburg
In the city and state of Hamburg it is the port that is
the power-house of the economy, though with Airbus,
Otto Versand and Beiersdorf also located here,
this is not immediately apparent. With its tanker terminals,
the port is home to all the major oil-refining companies. For
pleasure-seekers, there is the entertainment district of St.
Pauli. Yet Hamburg’s reputation as a media and science center
is of greater importance to its inhabitants. The demand
for culture is correspondingly high, and is satisfied by
renowned institutes such as the Kunsthalle and just under
40 theaters – including the state opera company with world
ballet star John Neumeier. On a national basis Hamburg
leads the way when it comes to musicals, which every month
bring thousands of visitors thronging to the city.
Hesse
Frankfurt am Main is really the only city in Germany
that has an international feel to it: The tallest buildings,
the largest airport, and the most banks in continental
Europe (including the European Central Bank). And
the list of superlatives does not stop there; for example, there
is the railroad station and the interstate intersection, both of
which boast the highest volume of traffic in Germany. All this,
despite the fact that the city has a mere 662,000 inhabitants
and is not even the capital of Hesse. The elegant city of Wiesbaden
has claim to that title. Otherwise the state of Hesse is
rather unassuming, with a densely forested upland range of
mountains, blessed with Riesling in the Rheingau region, and
industry throughout. Opel in Rüsselsheim and VW near Kassel
are the major industries, whereas ESA in Darmstadt is
responsible for a large share of the European space program.
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
It need not be from outer space, even from a plane
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, with more than
2,000 lakes, numerous waterways and lush green inbetween
looks particularly attractive. Together with its 350-
kilometer-long Baltic coastline, this Northeastern state is the
major venue for water sports enthusiasts in the whole of Central
Europe. Small wonder, then, that tourism is the state’s
main source of income. To make certain this remains the case,
around one fifth of the state’s total surface area is a nature
conservation area. Away from the tourist centers on the coast,
shipbuilding and agriculture are otherwise the main sources
of employment in this, the country’s most thinly populated
state. Northern Europe’s two oldest universities and several
innovative R&D facilities make the state one of the most
dynamic regions for high-tech, bio-tech and medi-tech.
Lower Saxony
The state of Lower Saxony has the shipbuilders in
Papenburg to thank for its regular global TV appearances
– every time the Meyer shipyard pilots a new
luxury liner down the narrow River Ems. Yet the major
industry in this state, which stretches from the holiday
islands on the North Sea coast to the Harz Mountains, is the
auto industry, including such names as Volkswagen in
Wolfsburg and Continental in Hanover, likewise the hub of
TUI’s vast operations, one of Europe’s largest tourism corporations.
Furthermore, twice a year the eyes of the world
focus on the state capital: for the Hanover Industrial Trade
Fair and CeBIT, the world’s largest IT trade fair. Indeed,
Hanover has been an international city for a long time now,
after all between 1714 and 1837 the rulers of Hanover were
also the kings of England.
North Rhine-Westphalia
Nowhere in Germany has more inhabitants, and there
is a correspondingly large number of cities: Cologne,
with its Gothic cathedral; Bonn, the Federal Republic’s
first capital city; Düsseldorf, the fashion-conscious state capital;
Aachen, under Charlemagne the capital of Europe; Duisburg,
with Europe’s largest inland port; the business centers
of Krefeld and Bielefeld; not to mention Essen and Dortmund,
the two major cities in the Ruhr region. They bear witness to
the changes in Germany’s largest industrial area: Coal mining
and steel production area now flanked by bio-chemicals and
high-tech. Yet “NRW”, as the state is fondly known, not only
has Europe’s most concentrated research network, but
according to UNESCO is alongside New York and Paris one of
the world’s major cultural regions.
Rhineland-Palatinate
The Rhine valley between Bingen and Koblenz, a gem
that is for the most part located in Rhineland-Palatinate,
is a key item on the UNESCO World Cultural
Heritage List. A center of wine and sparkling wine production,
the state is also referred to as “Wineland-Palatinate”.
Yet from an early date it has been committed to advanced
technology, a prime example being chemicals giant BASF.
The state has always been innovative, be it on a very longterm
basis thanks to Johannes Gutenberg, who invented the
first printing press with moveable type in Mainz, or on a
more temporary basis with the work of Karl Marx from Trier.
Culture and joie-de-vivre are celebrated in all the larger German
cities that have Roman history. The 50-plus festivals
staged each year attest to this.
Saarland
Saarbrücken’s film festival for German-speaking upand-
coming talent has been the launching pad for
many a career, as Franka Potente and Til Schweiger
have proved. The state has over the last 200 years changed
nationality eight times and the French influence is highly
evident. Mining is now no longer the key industry, with steel
and car-making competing with IT for the number one slot.
The steel industry bequeathed a fascinating attraction: Völklingen
Ironworks, which is included in the UNESCO World
Cultural Heritage List. The state’s most famous name, however,
has to be that of Villeroy & Boch, a global player in the
porcelain market.
Saxony
Meissen may well be a small town but, thanks to its
porcelain, is as well known as the state capital Dresden
and Leipzig, the trade-fair city. The Free State is one of
the most dynamic economic regions in East Germany, in particular
in IT; precision watch-making and car-making are typical
of this new gearing, symbolized by the restored
Frauenkirche in Dresden’s Baroque center. As in the past, Saxony’s
culture is highly influential in the world of music, represented
by the Semper opera house in Dresden and the
almost 800-year old Thomaner Choir in Leipzig, where Johann
Sebastian Bach was once a cantor. Is he the greatest Saxon
ever? Bach at least has a serious rival – in the person of Richard
Wagner.
Saxony-Anhalt
In honor of its most famous former inhabitant, Georg
Friedrich Handel, every year Halle stages a major festival.
However, the composer plays second fiddle to
Martin Luther, the reformer from Eisleben who transformed
the Christian world. As such the town of Wittenberg is one
of the most popular tourist spots in a state that boasts a
wealth of castles but is also renowned for its chemicals industry.
Since reunification, the state has been highly successful
in attracting investors. Today, Total maintains a refinery in
Leuna, Dow Chemical has a production facility in Schkopau,
as does Bayer in Bitterfeld. While nature enthusiasts are
drawn to the 1141-meter high Brocken mountain, with its
myth-shrouded peak: on the eve of every May 1st witches
congregate here to dance.
Schleswig-Holstein
The most feared mythical figure in Schleswig-Holstein
is “Blanker Hans”, who stands for the destructive
forces of the sea. After all, the most northern of the
federal states is bordered by two seas, the North Sea and the
Baltic Sea. Since time immemorial, ship-building and fishing
have been correspondingly important, with two thirds of the
German fishing fleet registered here. Nowadays, however,
the main source of income is tourism and agriculture. The
North Sea island of Sylt is a fashionable holiday destination.
Kiel, the state capital and the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, now
immortal thanks to Thomas Mann, vie for the status of most
important city. Alongside Puttgarden they are the state’s
most important ferry ports for the Scandinavia routes. Parallel
to developments in Eastern Europe the state also benefits
from the Baltic Sea economic region.
Thuringia
The mountains in the Thuringian Forest provide a
backdrop for one of Germany’s most beautiful trails,
the 160-kilometer long Rennsteig. It is just as much a
trademark of the state as its long thin sausages, the historic
Wartburg and the Weimar poets Goethe and Schiller. However,
Thuringia not only has a culinary and literary tradition,
it was always a state of researchers. Zeiss and Schott founded
the modern optics industry in Jena; alongside the carmaker
Opel and turbine manufacturer Rolls-Royce, Jenoptik
is nowadays one of the most important companies there.
Erfurt, the state capital, is proud of the flourishing bio- and
solar technology there, in addition to the excellent educational
opportunities offered by four institutes of higher education.
十六个州都在了，网上有可以下载的pdf文档的，可以去搜“德国概况”。
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绛旓細鍏ㄥ浗鍖呮嫭16涓窞(L?nder)锛屾湁8涓緝澶х殑宸炵粏鍒嗕负琛屾斂鍖(Regierungsbezirke)锛涙墍鏈夌殑琛屾斂鍖哄拰浣欎笅鐨8涓窞涓嬮潰鍒嗕负鍘(Kreise)锛屽幙鍙堝垎涓轰埂鏉戝幙(Landkreise)鍜屽煄甯傚幙 (kreisfreie St?dte)涓ょ锛屾垨鑰呭共鑴嗗氨璇戜负鍘垮拰甯傦紱鍘夸互涓嬫槸涔￠晣(Gemeinden)銆棣栧簻锛氬反鐧-绗﹁吘鍫 Baden-W眉rttemberg 10,426,040 ...
绛旓細鈻煎反鐧-绗﹁吘鍫″窞Baden-W眉rttemberg鈼囧窞搴锛氭柉鍥惧姞鐗逛汉鍙ｏ細1069.3涓囬潰绉細35751.65骞虫柟鍏噷鍥藉唴鐢熶骇鎬诲硷細 3190.43浜挎鍏冣棁Hauptstadt: StuttgartEinwohner: 10693000Fläche in km²: 35751,65BIP in Mrd. Euro: 319,43鈼噖ww.baden-wuerttemberg.de 鈻宸翠紣鍒╀簹宸Bayern鈼囧窞搴滐細鎱曞凹榛戜汉鍙...
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绛旓細浣嶄簬寰峰浗涓滈儴鐨勮惃鍏嬫．鑷敱宸烇紙Freistaat Sachsen锛夛紝寰疯鍚嶅彂闊充负 [ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈzaksən]锛屽湪鑻辫涓绉颁负The Free State of Saxony銆傚畠鐨勫湴鐞嗕綅缃嫭鐗癸紝鍖楅儴涓鍕冨叞鐧诲牎宸鐩搁偦锛岃タ鍖楀垯鏄惃鍏嬫．-瀹夊搱灏旂壒宸烇紝瑗块儴涓庡浘鏋楁牴宸炲拰宸翠紣鍒╀簹宸鎺ュ￥銆傚崡鏂癸紝钀ㄥ厠妫窞涓...
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绛旓細(kreisfreie Städte)涓ょ锛屾垨鑰呭共鑴嗗氨璇戜负鍘垮拰甯傦紱鍘夸互涓嬫槸涔￠晣(Gemeinden)銆寰峰浗琛屾斂鍖哄垝:宸寸櫥-绗﹁吘鍫★紝宸翠紣鍒╀簹锛屾煆鏋楋紝鍕冨叞鐧诲牎锛屼笉鏉ユ锛屾眽鍫★紝榛戞．锛屾鍏嬩鸡鍫-鍓嶆尝鑾憺宸烇紝涓嬭惃鍏嬫．锛屽寳鑾辫尩-濞佹柉鐗规硶浼︼紝鑾辫尩鍏-鏅硶灏旇尐锛岃惃灏旓紝钀ㄥ厠妫紝钀ㄥ厠妫-瀹夊搱灏旂壒锛岀煶鍕掕嫃鐩婃牸-鑽峰皵鏂嘲鍥狅紝鍥炬灄鏍广
