人教版八年级下英语unit4重点 八年级下册人教版英语第四单元重点
\u516b\u5e74\u7ea7\u4e0b\u4eba\u6559\u82f1\u8bedunit4~12\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff09 \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bcd\u53eb\u505a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002
2\uff09 \u6839\u636e\u5176\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Notional Verb\uff09\u3001\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Link Verb\uff09\u3001\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Auxiliary Verb\uff09\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Modal Verb\uff09\u3002
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u517c\u7c7b\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
We are having a meeting. \u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u4f1a\u3002 \uff08having\u662f\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\uff09
He has gone to New York. \u4ed6\u5df2\u53bb\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3002
\uff08has\u662f\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\uff09
3\uff09 \u52a8\u8bcd\u6839\u636e\u5176\u540e\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Transitive Verb\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Intransitive Verb\uff09\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u4e3avt. \u548cvi.\u3002
**
\u82f1\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u53e5\u5b50\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u96be\u602a\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002
(\u4e00\u3001) \u5206\u6e05\u53ca\u7269\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269:
\u5206\u6e05\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u9996\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ca\u7269\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a
a\uff0e\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a"\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u5bbe"\uff1b"\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u53cc\u5bbe"\uff1b"\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13\uff0b\u5bbe\uff0b\u5bbe\u8865"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He reached paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1abuy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b\uff0e\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u8ddf\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e0e\uff1a"\u4e3b\uff0b\u8c13"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
This is the room where I once lived.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1aagree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c\uff0e\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5982begin \u90fd\u662f\u4f5c"\u5f00\u59cb"\u8bb2\u3002everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1astart, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d\uff0e\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u800c\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\u5374\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982lift\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\u662f\u6307\u70df\u96fe\u7684"\u6d88\u6563"\u3002we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. \u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\u662f"\u5347\u9ad8\uff1b\u4e3e\u8d77"\u3002
He lifted his glass and drank.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1abeat vi.\u8df3\u52a8 vt. \u6572\u3001\u6253; grow vi.\u751f\u957f vt. \u79cd\u690d
play vi.\u73a9\u800d vt. \u6253\uff08\u724c\u3001\u7403\uff09,\u6f14\u594f smell vi.\u53d1\u51fa\uff08\u6c14\u5473\uff09 vt. \u55c5
ring vi.\uff08\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u94c3\uff09\u54cdvt.\u6253\u7535\u8bdd speak vi.\u8bb2\u8bdd vt. \u8bf4\uff08\u8bed\u8a00\uff09
hang vi. \u60ac\u6302 vt. \u7ede\u6b7b operate vi.\u52a8\u624b\u672f vt. \u64cd\u4f5c
(\u4e8c\u3001) \u8fa8\u522b\u8868\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8868\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
\u8868\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8be5\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .
\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f3a\u8c03"\u770b"\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8868\u793a"\u770b\u5230"\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1atear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade \u7b49\u3002
(\u4e09\u3001) \u8bb0\u4f4f\u77ac\u95f4\u52a8\u8bcd
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5728\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0e\u5982\uff1a
He arrived in paris yesterday.
\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0e\u5982\uff1a
They worked until 12 o'clock last night.
\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\u3002\u77ac\u95f4\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\uff1aarrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....\u7b49\u3002
(\u56db\u3001) \u638c\u63e1\u597d\u8868\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8868\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a
a\uff0e\u8868\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1ahe is a good worker. \u9664\u4e86be \u800c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff1astand(\u4f4d\u4e8e),lie(\u4f4d\u4e8e),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....\u7b49\u3002
b\uff0e\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u8f6c\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u8ddf\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\u5982\uff1ahis hair grows grey. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6709: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...\u7b49\u3002
(\u4e94\u3001) \u6ce8\u610f\u8bcd\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
a\uff0e\u8868\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.
\u8be5\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcdreceive, accept \u90fd\u8868\u793a"\u63a5\u53d7"\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u8868\u793a "I" \u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6709\uff1alisten to; hear, look at; see, must; have to\u7b49\u3002
b\uff0e\u8868\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
He heard that the scientist would come to our school.
He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.
\u524d\u53e5\u4e2dhear\u7684\u8868\u793a\u76f4\u63a5\u542c\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u4e2dhear of \u7684\u8868\u793a\u95f4\u63a5\u542c\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6709\uff1aknow; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of\u7b49\u3002
(\u516d\u3001) \u91cd\u89c6\u591a\u5b57\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u6240\u8c13\u591a\u5b57\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a
a\uff0e"\u52a8\u8bcd+\u4ecb\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ecb\u8bcd\u642d\u914d\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1a
We never thought of such success when we first started.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1aagree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...
b\uff0e"\u52a8\u8bcd+\u526f\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u7269\uff1b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u3002\u5982\uff1a
We put off the sports meet.
After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd8\u6709: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....
\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u6709\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u52a8\u8bcd\u5373\u53ca\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u3002\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u6c49\u8bed\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. \u62ac\u8d77\u5934\u770b)
He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. \u67e5\u627e)
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6709break down vi.\uff08\u8f66\u7b49\uff09\u574f\u4e86 vt. \u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a ;
go over vi. \u8d70\u8fc7\u53bb vt. \u590d\u4e60\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u67e5\u770b\u7b49\u3002
c\uff0e"\u52a8\u8bcd+\u526f\u8bcd+\u4ecb\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\uff1a
We should do away with that sort of thing.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6709\uff1agive in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....
d\uff0e"\u52a8\u8bcd+\u540d\u8bcd+\u4ecb\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1a
We will take care of them.
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6709\uff1acatch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in....
****
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
She can dance and sing.
\u5979\u80fd\u5531\u6b4c\u53c8\u80fd\u8df3\u821e\u3002\uff08sing\u5728\u6b64\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\uff09
She can sing many English songs.
\u5979\u80fd\u5531\u597d\u591a\u9996\u82f1\u6587\u6b4c\u66f2\u3002\uff08sing\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\uff09
4\uff09 \u6839\u636e\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u6570\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u9650\u5b9a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Finite Verb\uff09\u3001\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Non-finite Verb\uff09\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
She sings very well.
\u5979\u5531\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\uff08sing\u53d7\u4e3b\u8bedshe\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6545\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0fsings\u3002\uff09
She wants to learn English well.
\u5979\u60f3\u5b66\u597d\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\uff08to learn\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e3b\u8bedshe\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bcd\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08Infinitive\uff09\u3001\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Gerund\uff09\u3001\u5206\u8bcd\uff08Participle\uff09\u3002
unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
\u3000\u3000\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u79f0\u8ff0\u53e5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a
\u3000\u3000a) \u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u8bdd\u3002
\u3000\u3000b) \u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u628a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8f6c\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\u3000\u3000c) \u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u524d\u540e\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e0dd) \u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u3002
\u3000\u3000e) \u89c4\u5219\uff1a1\uff09\u4eba\u79f0\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u591a\u6539\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u6539\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u4e0df) \u53d8\u30022\uff09\u65f6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0cg) \u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u53d8\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53d8\u5316\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed \u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6 \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff08\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u9664\u5916\uff09
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u65f6
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6 \u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u53d8\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u53d8\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u30023\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b49\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u987b\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed \u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
\u3000\u3000\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd this\u8fd9 these\u8fd9\u4e9b that\u90a3 those\u90a3\u4e9b
\u3000\u3000\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed now\u73b0\u5728 then\u90a3\u65f6
\u3000\u3000today \u4eca\u5929 that day \u90a3\u5929
\u3000\u3000tonight \u4eca\u665a that night\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e0a
\u3000\u3000this week \u8fd9\u661f\u671f that week\u90a3\u4e2a\u661f\u671f
\u3000\u3000yesterday \u6628\u5929 the day before\u524d\u4e00\u5929
\u3000\u3000last week \u4e0a\u661f\u671f the week before\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f
\u3000\u3000ago\u4ee5\u524d before \u4ee5\u524d
\u3000\u3000tomorrow\u660e\u5929 the next/following day\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929
\u3000\u3000next week \u4e0b\u661f\u671f the next week \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u661f\u671f
\u3000\u3000\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed here \u8fd9\u91cc there \u90a3\u91cc
\u3000\u3000\u52a8\u8bcd come\u6765 go \u53bb
\u3000\u3000\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u30111\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u8ff0\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982tomorrow\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f6c\u8ff0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8f6c\u8ff0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u5c06tomorrow\u53d8\u4e3athe next day.
\u3000\u30002.habit, practice, custom: habit\u6307\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7231\u597d\u6216\u7ecf\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u7279\u6027\u201d\uff1bpractice\u8bed\u6c14\u6bd4habit\u5f31\uff0c\u6307\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\uff1bcustom\u6307\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u67d0\u4eba\uff0c\u5730\u533a\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u60ef\u6216\u98ce\u4fd7\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u30003\uff0ebring, take, carry: bring\u6307\u201c\u4ece\u522b\u5904\u628a\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u201d\u201c\u62ff\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u5e26\u5230\u6216\u62ff\u5230\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1btake\u6307\u201c\u628a\u4e1c\u897f\u5e26\u8d70\u6216\u62ff\u8d70\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u62ff\u5f00\u6216\u5e26\u79bb\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1b carry\u6307\u201c\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\uff08\u4e0d\u8bf4\u660e\u65b9\u5411\uff09\u6709\u65f6\u542b\u6709 \u201c\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002
\u3000\u30004\uff0eSurprise\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a1\uff09surprise\u4f5c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u60ca\u5947\uff0c\u8be7\u5f02\u201d\uff1b2\uff09surprise\u4f5c\u51e0\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08\u540e\u63a5\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4f7f\u2026\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff1bsurprise\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff1bto one\u2019s surprise\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4f7f\u2026\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\u201d\uff1bbe surprised at sth/sb\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5bf9\u2026\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u30005\uff0ehowever \u4e0e but:\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u53ef\u4f5c\u201c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u5f15\u51fa\u5e76\u5217\u5206\u53e5\u3002\u4ece\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cbut\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u610f\u5473\u8f83however\u8981\u5f3a\uff1b\u4ece\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cbut\u662f\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0c\u800chowever\u5374\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u526f\u8bcd\uff1b\u4ece\u8bed\u5e8f\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cbut\u603b\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6240\u5f15\u51fa\u7684\u5206\u53e5\u524d\uff0c\u800chowever\u5374\u53ef\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u53e5\u4e2d\u548c\u53e5\u672b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bd1\u6210\u6c49\u8bed\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u5206\u53e5\u4e4b\u9996\uff1b\u4ece\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cbut\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u800chowever\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u5f00\u3002However\u5f53\u8fde\u8bcd\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ee5\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8ba9\u6b65\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002
\u3000\u30006\uff0efirst, at first\u4e0efirst of all\uff1a1\uff09first\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u526f\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u6216\u9996\u5148\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0cfirst\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u201d\uff0cfirst\u4f5c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u9996\u8981\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u201d2\uff09at first\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d83\uff09first of all\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u201d\uff0c\u540cfirst\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8bed\u6c14\u4e0a\u6bd4first\u8981\u5f3a\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
\u3000\u30007\uff0etrue, real: true\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u201c\u771f\u7684\u201d\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u675c\u64b0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0ereal\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002\u4e0eto\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u7684\u201d\uff0ctrue\u7528\u4f5c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcdthe\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u201d\u7b49\uff1breal\u65e0\u6b64\u610f\u3002Real\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u30008\uff0eabove, on,over:\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u5728\u2026\u4e0a\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\u30021\uff09on\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u8005\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7d27\u8d34\u5728\u4e00\u8d772\uff09over\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7d27\u8d34\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u53cd\u4e49\u8bcd\u4e3aunder.3)above\u65e2\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u76f8\u4e92\u7d27\u8d34\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u53cd\u4e49\u8bcd\u662fbelow.
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）
2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1）直接引语是陈述句时，用连词that引导，that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。例如：
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，第一个连词that可以省略，以后的连词that一般不省略，以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如：
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said（that）I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为疑问句时，要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask （sb.）、wonder或want to know等，且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序（即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词）。至于说连词的确定，情况如下：
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如：
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked（me）whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词，注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后，不可分开。如：
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句，但表示请求，建议意义时，可ask sb. to do sth.，suggest doing，advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如：
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语时，一般用带to的不定式表达，原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句变成），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Jane，be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4）直接引语是感叹句时，转间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的动词时态保持不变。例如：
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3）直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等，在变为间接引语时，时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走，拿走 take 带来，拿来
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时，有时不需要改变。
如tomorrow，转述的动作发生在说话的当天，就不用改变；但如果转述的动作不发生在说话的当天，则要将tomorrow变为the next day.
又如here，转述地点就是说话时的地点时，不须变化。
5、标点符号
整个复合句的标点符号必须与主句一致，即主句是陈述句时用句号，主句是问句时用问号。
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）
2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1）直接引语是陈述句时，用连词that引导，that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。例如：
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，第一个连词that可以省略，以后的连词that一般不省略，以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如：
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said（that）I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为疑问句时，要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask （sb.）、wonder或want to know等，且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序（即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词）。至于说连词的确定，情况如下：
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如：
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked（me）whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词，注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后，不可分开。如：
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句，但表示请求，建议意义时，可ask sb. to do sth.，suggest doing，advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如：
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语时，一般用带to的不定式表达，原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句变成），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Jane，be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4）直接引语是感叹句时，转间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的动词时态保持不变。例如：
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3）直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等，在变为间接引语时，时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走，拿走 take 带来，拿来
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时，有时不需要改变。
如tomorrow，转述的动作发生在说话的当天，就不用改变；但如果转述的动作不发生在说话的当天，则要将tomorrow变为the next day.
又如here，转述地点就是说话时的地点时，不须变化。
5、标点符号
整个复合句的标点符号必须与主句一致，即主句是陈述句时用句号，主句是问句时用问号。
1.生某人的气↗be mad at sb 2.on↗FRIDAY night 3.a surprise(n.)
↘be angry with sb ↘a COLD morning party
4.not……anymore=not……any more 5.bring sth to sb
6.↗first of all首先，强调次序 7.把某物给某人↗pass sth to sb
↘at first 开始、起初，强调时间 ↘pass on sth
8.return sth to sb把某物还给某人 9.be supposed to do sth
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）
2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1）直接引语是陈述句时，用连词that引导，that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。例如：
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，第一个连词that可以省略，以后的连词that一般不省略，以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如：
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said（that）I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为疑问句时，要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask （sb.）、wonder或want to know等，且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序（即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词）。至于说连词的确定，情况如下：
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如：
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked（me）whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词，注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后，不可分开。如：
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句，但表示请求，建议意义时，可ask sb. to do sth.，suggest doing，advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如：
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语时，一般用带to的不定式表达，原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句变成），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Jane，be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4）直接引语是感叹句时，转间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的动词时态保持不变。例如：
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3）直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等，在变为间接引语时，时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走，拿走 take 带来，
接引语在转换成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）
2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1）直接引语是陈述句时，用连词that引导，that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。例如：
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，第一个连词that可以省略，以后的连词that一般不省略，以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如：
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said（that）I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为疑问句时，要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask （sb.）、wonder或want to know等，且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序（即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词）。至于说连词的确定，情况如下：
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如：
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked（me）whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词，注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后，不可分开。如：
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句，但表示请求，建议意义时，可ask sb. to do sth.，suggest doing，advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如：
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语时，一般用带to的不定式表达，原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句变成），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Jane，be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4）直接引语是感叹句时，转间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的动词时态保持不变。例如：
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3）直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等，在变为间接引语时，时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走，拿走 take 带来，拿来
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时，有时不需要改变。
如tomorrow，转述的动作发生在说话的当天，就不用改变；但如果转述的动作不发生在说话的当天，则要将tomorrow变为the next day.
又如here，转述地点就是说话时的地点时，不须变化。
5、标点符号
整个复合句的标点符号必须与主句一致，即主句是陈述句时用句号，主句是问句时用问号。
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）
2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1）直接引语是陈述句时，用连词that引导，that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中。例如：
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，第一个连词that可以省略，以后的连词that一般不省略，以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如：
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said（that）I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为疑问句时，要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask （sb.）、wonder或want to know等，且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序（即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词）。至于说连词的确定，情况如下：
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如：
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked（me）whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词，注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后，不可分开。如：
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句，但表示请求，建议意义时，可ask sb. to do sth.，suggest doing，advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如：
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语时，一般用带to的不定式表达，原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句变成），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Jane，be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4）直接引语是感叹句时，转间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的动词时态保持不变。例如：
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3）直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等，在变为间接引语时，时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走，拿走 take 带来，拿来
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时，有时不需要改变。
如tomorrow，转述的动作发生在说话的当天，就不用改变；但如果转述的动作不发生在说话的当天，则要将tomorrow变为the next day.
又如here，转述地点就是说话时的地点时，不须变化。
5、标点符号
整个复合句的标点符号必须与主句一致，即主句是陈述句时用句号，主句是问句时用问号。
1.生某人的气↗be mad at sb 2.on↗FRIDAY night 3.a surprise(n.)
↘be angry with sb ↘a COLD morning party
4.not……anymore=not……any more 5.bring sth to sb
6.↗first of all首先，强调次序 7.把某物给某人↗pass sth to sb
↘at first 开始、起初，强调时间 ↘pass on sth
8.return sth to sb把某物还给某人 9.be supposed to do sth
1.be mad at 意为“生……的气”相当于be angry with 。例如：
你生吉姆的气吗? Are you mad at Jim?
王先生生我们的气了。Mr Wang is angry with us.
2.辨析bring, take, carry, get & fetch
bring意为“带来，拿来”;take意为“带走，拿走”;carry 则表示“提，搬，扛”，不强调方向性，但有负重之意;get表示到某处把某人某物“去取来，去拿去”;fetch也表示“取来”与 get意思差不多，get更用于口语。例如：
Father brought me a present from China.爸爸从中国给我带来一件礼物。
Please take the book to Tom.请把这本书拿给汤姆。
Go and get some water.去弄点水来。
The teacher said, “ Who can fetch some chalk for me?”老师问：“谁能替我去取点粉笔。”
They are carrying water and watering the young trees.他们在挑水浇这些小树苗。
3.not…any more
not… any more 意思是“不再”=no more.类似还有not…any longer =no longer,也表示“不再”。例如：
He isn’t here any more.= He isn’t here any longer.
= He is no more here. = He is no longer here.
I am not mad at Marcia any more. 我不再生玛西亚的气了。
4.watch, see, read & look at
watch 指目不转睛地盯着看，一般说watch TV, watch a football game.
see 一般和film搭配。
read 一般指看书，看报：read newspaper, read books, read magazines.
look at一般加宾语，如look at the blackboard, please.
5.borrow , lend, return辨析
borrow 意为“借入”， 即说话人向别人借东西供自己使用。常用borrow sth from sb.结构，是终止性动词，不能与延续性时间状语连用。例如：
I’m going to borrow some books from the library.我打算从图书馆借一些书。
lend意为“借出”，即说话者把自己的东西借给别人用。常用lend sb sth或lend sth to sb句型。它也是终止性动词。例如：Can you lend me your bike? 你能把自行车借给我吗?
要把borrow 和lend该为延续性动词，则改为keep, “保存”。例如：How long may I keep the picture-book?这本画册我可以借多久?
return意为“归还，返回”。相当于give back或come or go back.
注意：本身有back的含义，不能说return back.例如:
She will return to her homeland for summer vacation.她将回家乡度假。
I must return these books to him on time.我必须按时把这些书还给他。
6.be good at…意为“在…方面成绩好”，“擅长于…”,与do well in 同义。
而象I’m better at ..就是 do well in 的比较级。因为good 和well 的比较级都是better,最高级都是best.例如：
Tom is good at playing basketball.
= Tom does well in playing basketball. 汤姆很会打篮球。
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