1升ph=13的氨水中oh-的粒子数为？ 设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列说法正确的是( ...
\u8bbeN A \u4e3a\u963f\u4f0f\u52a0\u5fb7\u7f57\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u662f A\uff0e25\u2103\u65f6\uff0cpH\uff1d13\u7684\u6c28\u6c34\u4e2d\u542b\u6709OH \uff0d \u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e3a0.1N AC \u8bd5\u9898\u5206\u6790:A\u300125\u2103\u65f6\uff0cpH\uff1d13\u7684\u6c28\u6c34\u4e2dOH \uff0d \u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f0.1mol/L\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97OH \uff0d \u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0cA\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff1bB\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c2.24 LNO 2 \u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff1d \uff1d0.1mol\u3002NO 2 \u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a3NO 2 \uff0bH 2 O =2HNO 3 \uff0bNO\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6c2e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4ece\uff0b4\u4ef7\u90e8\u5206\u5347\u9ad8\u5230\uff0b5\u4ef7\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\uff0b2\u4ef7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b640.1molNO\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662f \u00d70.1mol\uff0cB\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff1bC\u3001\u94a0\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u5931\u53bb1\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b641 mol Na\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6c27\u5316\u751f\u6210Na 2 O 2 \uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e3aN A \uff0cC\u6b63\u786e\uff1bD\u30014.0g\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff1d4g\u00f72g/mol\uff1d2mol\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u6d88\u80171mol\u3002\u6c22\u6c14\u542b\u67091\u4e2a\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6c27\u6c14\u542b\u67091\u4e2a\u53cc\u952e\u56e0\u6b64\u5171\u65ad\u88c2\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u7684\u603b\u6570\uff1d\uff082\uff0b1\uff09N A \uff1d3N A \uff0cD\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u9009C\u3002
B \u8bd5\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1aA\u9879\u4e2d\u7684\u6c28\u6c34\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u76f4\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c42\u5176\u6570\u76ee\uff0cA\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210+1\u4ef7\u7684\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b641 mol Na\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6c27\u5316\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e3aN A \uff0cB\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\u6807\u51b5\u4e0b2.24L\u7684NO2\u6c14\u4f53\u662f0.1mol\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u67092/3\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u4e3a+5\u4ef7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u7684NO 3 \uff0d \u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e8e0.1N A \uff0cC\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u6c22\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c2e\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64D\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cD\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u6545\u9009B\u3002
PH=13，POH=14-PH=14-13=1，cOH-=10^-1=0.1molL-，nOH-=1x0.1=0.1mol=0.1NA个绛旓細姘ㄦ按娴撳害澶 OH-娴撳害 = H+娴撳害 = 0.1 mol/L 浣嗘皑姘存槸寮辩⒈锛岀數绂讳笉瀹屽叏锛岃鎯崇數绂诲嚭 0.1 mol OH-锛屾墍闇鐨凬H3H2O杩滆繙澶т簬 0.1 mol 鎵浠ユ皑姘存祿搴﹀ぇ
绛旓細D 璇曢鍒嗘瀽锛 c (OH 锛 )/ c (NH 3 路H 2 O)鐨勫煎彉澶э紝鍥犱负鐢电骞宠 涓紝鍒嗗瓙鍙樺ぇ锛屽垎姣嶅彉灏忋傛晠閫塂銆傜偣璇勶細寮虹⒈pH涓嬮檷寰楀揩銆傚洜涓哄己纰辨槸寮虹數瑙ｈ川锛屽缁堝畬鍏ㄧ數绂汇傜敤姘寸█閲pH锛13姘ㄦ按鑷充綋绉负鍘熸潵鐨100鍊嶆椂锛孫H - 娴撳害涓嬮檷浜嗭紝浣嗗钩琛℃湞鐫鐢电鏂瑰悜绉诲姩锛屾墍浠ヨˉ鍋夸簡涓閮ㄥ垎OH - 锛屾墍浠H...
绛旓細鍚屾祿搴︾殑鐩愰吀鍜屾皑姘翠腑姘寸數绂诲嚭鐨勬阿绂诲瓙涓嶇浉绛,涓嶈繃鐩稿樊涓嶅ぇ.鍘熷洜鏄吀鎴栫⒈鏄姂鍒舵按鐨勭數绂,鍗虫憾娑蹭腑姘㈢瀛愭垨鑰呮阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙鐨勨滃ぇ澶粹濆苟涓嶆槸姘磋屾槸閰告垨鑰呯⒈鐢电鍑烘潵鐨 姣斿pH=1鐨勭洂閰告憾娑蹭腑,姘寸數绂诲嚭鐨勬阿绂诲瓙鍜屾阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙娴撳害[H+]鈮圼OH-]鈮10^-13锛堣宸緢灏,鍙涓虹浉绛夛級pH=13鐨勬皑姘翠腑,姘寸數绂诲嚭鐨...
绛旓細005mol/L鐨凬H4Cl涓璒H-娴撳害銆傝繖涓綘灏辨嬁鍖栧骞宠 涓殑鈥滀笁娈垫硶鈥濆垪鏂圭▼锛岃姘㈡哀鏍规祿搴︿负x锛屽彲鍒楁柟绋嬶細x(0.005+x)/(2.82-x)=1.77x10^(-5)锛屾渶鍚庤В寰楁阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙绾︿负0.005mol/L銆傛渶鍚庡啀璇翠竴涓嬶紝鎴戠畻鐨勬槸pH=2鐨勭洂閰稿拰pH=12鐨勬皑姘寸瓑浣撶Н娣峰悎鐨勭粨鏋溿傚洜涓pH=13鐨勬皑姘瀹為檯涓嶅瓨鍦 ...
绛旓細姣斿姝ら锛屾皑姘存槸鏈夆滅瀛愮殑鍌ㄥ鈥濄愬嵆寮辩數瑙ｈ川銆戠殑锛屾墍浠ユ贩鍚堟憾娑叉樉姘ㄦ按鐨纰辨э紱濡傛灉鏄pH=2 鐨勯唻閰稿拰pH=12鐨勬阿姘у寲閽犳憾娑茬瓑浣撶Н娣峰悎锛屽垯鍥犱负閱嬮吀鏄湁鈥滅瀛愮殑鍌ㄥ鈥濄愬嵆寮辩數瑙ｈ川銆戠殑锛屾贩鍚堟憾娑插氨鏄鹃唻閰哥殑閰告с2銆佽繖绉嶉鐩渶瑕佸厛浼扮畻涓涓嬫阿绂诲瓙濂芥阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙鍝鏈変綑锛岀劧鍚庢眰鍑哄墿浣欑殑姘㈢瀛愭垨鑰...
绛旓細鐩愰吀鐨勬祿搴︿负0.1mol/L 鎵浠H+]娴撳害涓10-1[寮鏂筣 PH=1 姘㈡哀鍖栭挔鐨勬祿搴︿负0.1mol/L 鎵浠OH-]娴撳害涓10-1 PH=13 姘ㄦ按鐨娴撳害涓0.1mol/L 鐢变簬姘ㄦ按鏄笉瀹屽叏鐢电 鎵浠OH-]娴撳害灏忎簬10-1 PH灏忎簬13 PH璁＄畻寮忎负 PH=-lg[H+]娴撳害 ...
绛旓細浠庡ぇ鍒板皬鏄細閾垫牴绂诲瓙銆佹阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙銆佹隘绂诲瓙銆佹阿绂诲瓙銆備笉杩囧叾瀹炴阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙鍜屾隘绂诲瓙鐨勪綅缃皟杞篃娌″叧绯伙紝杩欎釜娌″姙娉曞緢瀹氶噺鐨勫垎鏋愩傛垜浠煡閬撴皑姘存槸寮辩數瑙ｈ川锛pH=13鐨勬皑姘翠腑姘ㄦ按鐗╄川鐨勯噺杩滆繙澶т簬鐩愰吀鐨勯噺锛岄吀纰变腑鍜屽弽搴斿張浼氫績杩涙皑姘寸數绂伙紝鎵浠ユ憾娑蹭腑鐨勯摰鏍圭瀛愭槸澶т簬姘瀛愮殑锛屽張鐢变簬姘ㄦ按杩囬噺锛屾墍浠ユ阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙蹇呭畾...
绛旓細瀵圭殑.姘ㄦ按鍛堢⒈鎬,NH3 •H2O ==(鍙) NH4+ +OH-
绛旓細澶т簬12锛孨H3+H2O=NH4++OH-杩欎釜鍙嶅簲鏄彲閫嗗弽搴旓紝闅忕潃姘寸殑澧炲姞锛屽弽搴斾細鍚戝彸杈圭Щ鍔紝姘㈡哀鏍圭瀛愯В绂诲鍔狅紝瀵艰嚧ph鍊煎ぇ浜12
绛旓細鐩愰吀涓殑姘㈢瀛愭祿搴︿负0.001mol/L锛孒Cl瀹屽叏鐢电锛屽嵆c(HCl)=0.001mol/L銆姘ㄦ按涓殑OH藟娴撳害涓0.1mol/L锛孨H₃路H₂O寰负寮辩數瑙ｈ川锛屾墍浠ユ皑姘寸殑娴撳害>>鐩愰吀銆傜患涓婏紝鐩愰吀鍙兘涓拰鏋佸皯鐨凬H₃路H₂O锛屸埓c(NH₄+)<c(NH₃路H₂O)
