-ing 短语 表原因，伴随，先后

9月1日早上9:27--9:40

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

Feeling tired, I went to bed early.

同一主语的两个行为同时发生，其中一个行为常可用-ing 形式来表示。这个短语一般放在主句的后面。

I've just seen Carol. She's in the bar having a drink.

A man ran out of the house shouting.

Do something! Don't just stand there doing nothing!

如果一个行为发生时，另一个行为正在进行，另一方行为可以用-ing 短语来表示：

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

Did you cut yourself shaving?

 在while 或 when 后面也可以用-ing 结构：

Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

Be careful when crossing the road.

如果一个行为发生在另一个行为之前，发生在先的行为用having (done) 表示：

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

Having finished her work, she went home.

after 后也可用-ing 结构：

After finishing her work, she went home.

如果一个短暂行为紧接着另一个短暂行为，第一个行为用-ing 的一般形式，而不用完成式：

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

-ing 短语还可以用来解释某事或说明原因，这时它常放在句首:

Feeling tired, I went to bed early.

Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.

Not having a car, she finds it difficult to get around.

Having already seen the film twice, I didn't want to go to the cinema.

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