Linux查看用户组成员linux查看用户组
linux中怎么查看某用户所属所有组?
linux查看用户所属组有很多方法:
命令groups查看当前用户所属组
#groups
root
groups用户(查看用户所属组)
#groupsxly
xly:xly
id用户(查看用户所属组)
#idxly
uid=500(xly)gid=500(xly)groups=500(xly)
直接查看组文件,cat/etc/group
#cat/etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:bin,daemon
daemon:x:2:bin,daemon
sys:x:3:bin,adm
adm:x:4:adm,daemon
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:daemon
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
xly:x:500:
命令:cat/etc/group|grep组名,用于查找某个用户组
linux疑问,如何查看用户所在组,及权限?
linux查看用户所在组及权限的方法有:ls-l/etc/group查看所有的用户组及权限ls-l/etc/passwd查看所有用户及权限groups查看当前用户所在的组
如何在linux上用命令实现用户和组的管理?
Linux上用命令实现本地用户和组的管理
本地用户和组:管理文件和进程等等
本地用户和组:
1)root:超级管理员系统创建的第一个账户
特点:
id为:0
家目录:/root
具有系统的完全控制权:小心使用。
#id
uid=0(root)gid=0(root)groups=0(root)context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
#
2)普通用户:不具有管理员权限
特点:
id范围:
1000=id=60000
家目录:/home/用户名
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#
3)服务用户:为服务提供权限
特点:
id范围:
0id1000
家目录:应用程序服务目录
#idapache
uid=48(apache)gid=48(apache)groups=48(apache)
#
如果是yum,rpm安装的软件:由rpm包中的脚本创建服务账户
Includeconf.modules.d/*.conf
#
#Ifyouwishhttpdtorunasadifferentuserorgroup,youmustrun
#httpdasrootinitiallyanditwillswitch.
#
#User/Group:Thename(or#number)oftheuser/grouptorunhttpdas.
#Itisusuallygoodpracticetocreateadedicateduserandgroupfor
#runninghttpd,aswithmostsystemservices.
#
Userapache
Groupapache
#'Main'serverconfiguration
#
本地组:
1)主组:一个用户一定要属于某个主组中。当些用户在创建文件时,给文件的归属组
2)从属组:用户容器,组织和管理用户权限管控
作用:
文件:
进程:
$ps-ux
USERPID%CPU%MEMVSZRSSTTYSTATSTARTTIMECOMMAND
student321780.00.4930529360?Ss15:000:00/usr/lib/system
student321820.00.32537767072?S15:000:00(sd-pam)
student321880.00.21594124980?S15:000:00sshd:student@p
student321890.00.22339124864pts/0Ss15:000:00-bash
student322930.30.21594085192?D15:430:00sshd:student@p
student322940.30.22339124924pts/1Ss15:430:00-bash
student323190.50.22339404804pts/1S15:430:00/bin/bash
student323410.00.22693123876pts/1R+15:430:00ps-ux
$
账户文件:
1)/etc/passwd:保存用户信息
#cat/etc/passwd|grepstudent
student:x:1000:1000:StudentUser:/home/student:/bin/bash
用户名密码uid主组ID描述家目录登录shell
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grep-wroot:x
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grepapache
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
服务账号无法登录系统
#
2./etc/shadow:保存用户密码的HASH,密码的有效性信息,密码修改时间,账户有效期。
#
#ls-l/etc/shadow
----------.1rootroot1014Mar2911:39/etc/shadow
#
#
#cat/etc/shadow|grepstudent
student:$6$8oIjLCsc$/n1iQXYh1E6.uOEuJKgioqAtmqm2TQmkJGF2RwyteIr1tIfrPdiRYgWe6Sjen5/eMij2uHM/a1tue/QRlo3X80:18038:0:99999:7:::
#
密码的HASH:sha512
8oIjLCsc$/n1iQXYh1E6.uOEuJKgioqAtmqm2TQmkJGF2RwyteIr1tIfrPdiRYgWe6Sjen5/eMij2uHM/a1tue/QRlo3X80
18038:天数密码最后一次修改的时间从1970-01-01+18038天之后那一天
0:密码最少使用天数0没有限制用户随时可以改密码
99999:天数,密码最大修改时间永久200多年
7:warning警告时间,当密码快到最后修改时间前7天,通知用户修改。
::天数失效时间inactive用户密码过了最后修改时间,未改变密码,再过多少天,账户将被锁定
::账户有效期
创建用户和组:
创建时,没有密码:
#useraddzhangsan
#useraddlisi
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan)
#idlisi
uid=1002(lisi)gid=1002(lisi)groups=1002(lisi)
#
无法登录:与PAM有关
$
$su-zhangsan
Password:
Password:
su:Authenticationfailure
$
设置密码:
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:x:1001:1001::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:!!:18350:0:99999:7:::#!!未设置密码
#
#passwdzhangsan
Changingpasswordforuserzhangsan.
Newpassword:
BADPASSWORD:Thepasswordisshorterthan8characters
Retypenewpassword:
passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.
#
#
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:$6$3wxuXomVbQ58wQcK$oQW6injgldxa2N/Pt4tCPDVRqWRVGw.UNZdxE4R0nhEt8K/3UDKzxap6ReIReEvDpG.GdwjpMiiDh7.f6DJNQ0:18350:0:99999:7:::
#
chage可以查看用户密码属性
#chage-lzhangsan
Lastpasswordchange:Mar29,2020
Passwordexpires:never
Passwordinactive:never
Accountexpires:never
Minimumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:0
Maximumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:99999
Numberofdaysofwarningbeforepasswordexpires:7
#
创建组:从属组
#
#groupaddit
#
#
#groupaddsales
#
#
#
#cat/etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:student
cdrom:x:11:
mail:x:12:postfix
man:x:15:
dialout:x:18:
floppy:x:19:
games:x:20:
tape:x:33:
video:x:39:
ftp:x:50:
lock:x:54:
audio:x:63:
users:x:100:
nobody:x:65534:
dbus:x:81:
utmp:x:22:
utempter:x:35:
input:x:999:
kvm:x:36:
render:x:998:
systemd-journal:x:190:
systemd-coredump:x:997:
systemd-resolve:x:193:
tss:x:59:
polkitd:x:996:
rpc:x:32:
unbound:x:995:
ssh_keys:x:994:
sssd:x:993:
setroubleshoot:x:992:
rpcuser:x:29:
insights:x:991:
cockpit-ws:x:990:
sshd:x:74:
chrony:x:989:
tcpdump:x:72:
student:x:1000:
printadmin:x:988:
libstoragemgmt:x:987:
slocate:x:21:
postdrop:x:90:
postfix:x:89:
apache:x:48:
zhangsan:x:1001:
lisi:x:1002:
it:x:1003:组成员列表
sales:x:1004:
#
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#
将用户添加进组:zhangsan,加入it组,lisi,sales组
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#usermod-aGsaleslisi
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)
#idlisi
uid=1002(lisi)gid=1002(lisi)groups=1002(lisi),1004(sales)
#
删除用户:
#useraddandy
默认删除,保留用户的文件:
#
#userdelandy
#
#
#useraddandy#重建andy会不一样,uid会不同
useradd:warning:thehomedirectoryalreadyexists.
Notcopyinganyfilefromskeldirectoryintoit.
Creatingmailboxfile:Fileexists
#
#useradduser1
#useradduser2
#idandy
uid=1003(andy)gid=1005(andy)groups=1005(andy)
#userdel-rany
userdel:user'any'doesnotexist
#
#userdel-randy#不保留用户的文件。家目,邮箱文件,skel文件都会
#
#
#idandy
id:‘andy’:nosuchuser
#useraddandy
#idandy
uid=1006(andy)gid=1008(andy)groups=1008(andy)
#
从组中移除用户:
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)#zhangsan主组,it从属组
#
命令:
#gpasswd-dzhangsanit
Removinguserzhangsanfromgroupit
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan)
#
#
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)
#
#
#
#groupszhangsan
zhangsan:zhangsanit
#
直接修改文件:
#vim/etc/group
#cat/etc/group|grepit:
it:x:1003:
#
删除组:
#groupaddtest
#
#
#groupdeltest
创建自定义用户和组:
实验:用户名mary,指定用户id2000,家目录/maryhome,不用登录系统描述thisismaryuser
#
#useradd-u2000-d/maryhome-s/sbin/nologin-c"thisismary"mary
#
#idmary
uid=2000(mary)gid=2000(mary)groups=2000(mary)
#cat/etc/passwd|grepmary
mary:x:2000:2000:thisismary:/maryhome:/sbin/nologin
#
#su-mary
Lastlogin:SunMar2916:48:49CST2020onpts/0
Thisaccountiscurrentlynotavailable.
#
创建自定义组:指定组id
#groupadd-g3000group1
#cat/etc/group|grepgroup1
group1:x:3000:
#
linux系统如何查看卷组成员?
Linux系统通过命令tar查看卷组成员。
linux查看oracle用户和用户组?
我的:Linux下可以使用id命令查看用户的信息和组。
可以打开终端后执行#idoracle命令进行查看。
绛旓細linux鐢╰ail鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鏄惁瀛樺湪/etc/group 鏂囦欢鏄鐢ㄦ埛缁鐨勯厤缃枃浠躲/etc/passwd 鏂囦欢鏄敤鎴风殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆備娇鐢╟at銆乵ore銆乴ess銆乭ead銆乼ail浠ュ強vim绛夊懡浠ら兘鍙互鏌ョ湅銆佷慨鏀硅繖涓や釜閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆-f锛氳緭鍑烘枃浠跺彉鍖栧悗鏂板鍔犵殑鏁版嵁銆-q锛氫笉鏄剧ず澶勭悊淇℃伅銆Linux tail鍛戒护鍙敤浜庢煡鐪嬫枃浠剁殑鍐呭锛屾湁涓涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍙傛暟-f甯哥敤...
绛旓細linux鍒ゆ柇鐢ㄦ埛鏄惁瀛樺湪鐨勬柟娉曪細灏嗏渞ead-p鈥減leaseinputauser寮鍙戜簯涓绘満鍩熷悕name锛氣漸sername鈥濅繚瀛樹负test.sh锛涜繍琛屸渟htest.sh鈥濆嵆鍙傛湰鏂囨搷浣滅幆澧冿細lin寮鍙戜簯涓绘満鍩熷悕ux8绯荤粺锛孌ellG3鐢佃剳銆傛湁澶氱鏂规硶锛氱洿鎺ユ煡/etc/passwd锛/etc/group锛坓rep鍛戒护鏌ワ級users鍜実roups鍛戒护鍒嗗埆鎵撳嵃绯荤粺涓殑鍏ㄩ儴鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀粍銆傜敤鎴...
绛旓細1銆佸缓鐢ㄦ埛锛歛dduser phpq //鏂板缓phpq鐢ㄦ埛 passwd phpq //缁檖hpq鐢ㄦ埛璁剧疆瀵嗙爜 2銆佸缓宸ヤ綔缁 groupadd test //鏂板缓test宸ヤ綔缁 3銆佹柊寤虹敤鎴峰悓鏃跺鍔犲伐浣滅粍 useradd -g test phpq //鏂板缓phpq鐢ㄦ埛骞跺鍔犲埌test宸ヤ綔缁 4銆佺粰宸叉湁鐨勭敤鎴峰鍔犲伐浣滅粍 usermod -G groupname username 鎴栬咃細gp...
绛旓細鏍规嵁鍥介檯闊虫爣锛屸淟i鈥濅腑鈥渋鈥濈殑鍙戦煶绫讳技浜庘淢inix鈥濅腑鈥渋鈥濈殑鍙戦煶锛岃屸渘ux鈥濅腑鈥渦鈥濈殑鍙戦煶绫讳技浜庤嫳鏂囧崟璇嶁減rofess鈥濅腑鈥渙鈥濈殑鍙戦煶銆傜被浼间簬鈥滈噷璁峰厠鏂濄傛槸涓涓熀浜嶱OSIX鍜孶nix鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠诲姟銆佹敮鎸佸绾跨▼鍜屽CPU鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熴傚畠鑳借繍琛屼富瑕佺殑Unix宸ュ叿杞欢銆佸簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓拰缃戠粶鍗忚銆傚畠鏀寔32浣嶅拰64浣...
绛旓細绯荤粺鍞竴鏍囧噯姣忎竴鐢ㄦ埛鏄痩in鍜寀x linux鍥涘ぇ鍩烘湰鍔熻兘锛熶竴涓Linux鍖呭惈杩涚▼绠$悊銆佸唴瀛樼鐞嗐佹枃浠剁鐞嗐佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹鐞嗗洓澶у熀鏈姛鑳姐1.杩涚▼绠$悊 鎻愬埌杩涚▼锛岄鍏堣浠嬬粛杩涚▼鏄犲儚鐨勬蹇点傝繘绋嬫槧鍍忕敱绋嬪簭娈点佺浉鍏虫暟鎹鍜岃繘绋嬫帶鍒跺潡锛圥CB锛缁勬垚銆傛墍璋撳垱寤鸿繘绋嬶紝鏈川涓婃槸鍒涘缓杩涚▼鏄犲儚涓殑PCB锛涜屾挙閿杩涚▼锛屾湰璐ㄤ笂鏄挙閿...
绛旓細瀵逛簬Linux杩欎釜鑻辨枃鍗曡瘝锛屼腑鍥戒汉鐨勫彂闊冲悇寮忓悇鏍凤紝鏈夌殑璇讳綔[ˈlɪnɪks]锛堚濇潕灏煎厠鏂滐級锛屾湁鐨勮浣淸ˈlinju:ks]锛堚滄潕绾藉厠鏂濓級锛屾湁鐨勮浣淸ˈlɪnəks]锛堚滄潕鍛㈠厠鏂濓級銆傚畼鏂圭粰鍑虹殑鏍囧噯鍙戦煶涓篬'li:n褝ks]锛屽啓鎴愪腑鏂囧氨鏄滄潕鍛㈠厠鏂濄傚叾瀹炴垜瑙佽繃...
绛旓細浣嗘槸锛岀敱浜嶭inus Torvalds鏈汉鏄姮鍏颁汉锛屾墍浠ヤ粬鐨Linux璇婚煶涓嶆槸/'lin褝ks/锛岃屾槸/'liniks/.鏈変汉缁煎悎缃戜笂鍜linux鑷繁鐨勮闊筹紝姒傛嫭鍑哄嚑涓嚜璁や负鏈鍚堥備篃鏈閫氱敤鐨勮娉曪細/li'n^ks/(鈥滈噷閭e厠鏂)鎴/'li:n褝ks/(鈥滈噷璁峰厠鏂)鎴/li'nju:ks/(鈥滈噷绾藉厠鏂)銆傝繖鍑犱釜搴旇鏄皝閮藉惉寰楁噦鐨勩傝嚦浜...
绛旓細瀵逛簬Linux杩欎釜鑻辨枃鍗曡瘝锛屼腑鍥戒汉鐨勫彂闊冲悇寮忓悇鏍凤紝鏈夌殑璇讳綔[ˈlɪnɪks]锛堚濇潕灏煎厠鏂滐級锛屾湁鐨勮浣淸ˈlinju:ks]锛堚滄潕绾藉厠鏂濓級锛屾湁鐨勮浣淸ˈlɪnəks]锛堚滄潕鍛㈠厠鏂濓級銆傚畼鏂圭粰鍑虹殑鏍囧噯鍙戦煶涓篬'li:n褝ks]锛屽啓鎴愪腑鏂囧氨鏄滄潕鍛㈠厠鏂濄傚叾瀹炴垜瑙佽繃...
绛旓細2銆佷緷鐓у浗闄呴煶鏍囧簲璇ユ槸/'lin褝ks/鈥斺旂被浼间簬鈥滈噷璁峰厠鏂濄備絾鏄紝鐢变簬LinusTorvalds鏈汉鏄姮鍏颁汉锛屾墍浠ヤ粬鐨Linux璇婚煶涓嶆槸/'lin褝ks/锛岃屾槸/'liniks/.銆3銆佹湁浜虹患鍚堢綉涓婂拰linux鑷繁鐨勮闊筹紝姒傛嫭鍑哄嚑涓嚜璁や负鏈鍚堥備篃鏈閫氱敤鐨勮娉曪細/li'n^ks/(鈥滈噷閭e厠鏂)鎴/'li:n褝ks/(鈥滈噷璁峰厠鏂)鎴/...
绛旓細Linux鐨勮嫳鏂囧彂闊虫牴鎹甌orvalds鐨勮娉,Linux鐨勫彂闊冲拰鈥淢inix鈥濇槸鎶奸煹鐨勩傗淟i鈥濅腑鈥渋鈥濈殑鍙戦煶绫讳技浜庘淢inix鈥濅腑鈥渋鈥濈殑鍙戦煶,鑰屸渘ux鈥濅腑鈥渦鈥濈殑鍙戦煶绫讳技浜庤嫳鏂囧崟璇嶁減rofess鈥濅腑鈥渙鈥濈殑鍙戦煶銆備緷鐓у浗闄呴煶鏍囧簲璇ユ槸['lin褝ks]銆傛湁涓浠絋orvalds鏈汉璇磋瘽鐨勯煶棰,闊抽鍐呭涓衡淗ello, this is Linus Torvalds, and I ...