有生命的细胞是如何产生生物电流的? 生物电是怎样产生的?谢谢
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科学家通过扫描电镜,看到人体细胞里的微观世界,由细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核三大部分构成的细胞,平均直径只有10~30微米,构造却极复杂。细胞膜厚75埃,有好几层复杂结构,膜上布满了小孔,通过膜上小孔,细胞与周围的液体环境直接沟通,不停地进行物质交换。凭借细胞膜的这种通透性,才能产生生物电。因为在细胞膜内外,分别带有不同的电荷,膜外带正电荷,膜内带负电荷。在正常情况下,虽说细胞内外的钾、钠、氯离子分布不均匀,但由于细胞膜忠于职守,进行严格的“海关检查”,这些带电离子不能随便出入细胞膜,都规规矩矩的,该出该入秩序井然。如果心理生理发生变化,或遇到理化等因素的刺激,便会干扰细胞膜的“海关检查”,细胞膜内外相对静止的环境受到影响。于是,这些带电的离子便乱了起来,钠离子乘机通过膜上小孔迅速进入膜内,使膜内电位急剧上升,导致局部细胞膜出现电位倒转,膜外带负电,膜内带正电。在这种带电离子分布发生变化的进出流动情况下,这一细胞膜的局部与其邻近部位之间,由于电荷的不同,出现了“电位差”,形成了生物电流。这就是细胞膜产生生物电的“膜离子学说”。
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