大学有机化学，系统命名法可以用“ 伯仲叔邻间对”吗 大学有机化学,系统命名法可以用“ 伯 仲 叔 邻 间 对”吗...
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\u73af\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u70ef\u70c3\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7f16\u53f7\u7531\u53cc\u952e\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a 1 , 2 \u53f7\u78b3\u3002
\u6865\u73af\u70f7\u70c3
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\u547d\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u79f0\u73af\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u6807\u660e\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u4e0a\u6865\u5934\u78b3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u603b\u6bd4\u73af\u6570\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1b
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u73af\u7cfb\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u70f7\u201d\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u73af[3.2.0]\u5e9a\u70f7\u3002
\u87ba\u73af\u70f7\u70c3
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\u5982\uff1a
\u79f0\u4e3a\u87ba[3.5]\u58ec\u70f7\u3002
\u591a\u73af\u70ef\u3001\u7094\u70c3
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\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u5316\u5408\u7269
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\u5176\u4ed6\u73af\u7cfb
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\u8418\u73af\u7cfb
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\u5176\u4ed6\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa
伯仲叔邻间对——也可以用在系统命名法中
绛旓細鈶犻変富閾撅紝瀹氭煇鐑 鈶＄紪鍙蜂綅锛屽畾鏀摼 a.鏀摼瑕佽繎 b銆傜畝鍗曞湪鍓嶏細鑻ヤ笉鍚岀殑鏀摼璺濅富閾句袱绔瓑闀挎椂锛屽簲浠庨潬杩戠畝鍗曟敮閾剧殑涓绔纰冲師瀛愮紪鍙枫 c.鍜屾暟瑕佸皬锛氳嫢鐩稿悓鐨勬敮閾捐窛涓婚摼涓ょ绛夐暱鏃讹紝搴斾粠鏀摼浣嶅彿涔嬪拰鏈灏忕殑涓绔紑濮嬪纰冲師瀛愮紪鍙枫傝嫢鐩稿悓鐨勬敮閾捐窛涓婚摼涓ょ绛夐暱鏃 锛岃繖鏀摼鍝噷璺濅袱绔瓑闀裤傘傝佸ご瀛...
绛旓細鎴戝浗鐜板湪鎵鐢ㄧ殑鈥鏈夋満鍖栧鍛藉悕鍘熷垯鈥濇槸鍦1980骞翠腑鍥藉寲瀛︿細鏍规嵁鏃ュ唴鐡﹀懡娉曞強iupac绯荤粺鍛藉悕娉鐨勫師鍒欙紝缁撳悎鎴戝浗鏂囧瓧鐗圭偣鑰屽埗瀹氱殑銆傝繖涓鏂规硶鍙互杩愮敤浜庢墍鏈変竴鑸湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫懡鍚嶏紙鏌愪簺澶嶆潅鐨勫ぉ鐒舵湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鍙︽湁鍚勮嚜鐗瑰畾鐨勫懡鍚嶆柟娉曪級銆傝屼範鎯懡鍚嶆硶鍙傜敤浜庡惈纰冲師瀛愯緝灏戠殑鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鏈夊緢澶х殑灞闄愭э紝浣嗗畠杩愮敤姝ｃ...
绛旓細鏈竴绫闄㈡牎姣曚笟,涔嬪墠鍙備笌杩囩櫨搴︿笓瀹剁殑娲诲姩,鏈夌綉缁滃湪绾跨瓟棰樼殑缁忛獙,鐩镐俊鎴,娌￠敊鐨! 鍚慣A鎻愰棶 绉佷俊TA 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 鏈夋満鐗╁懡鍚嶆硶鏈夋満鐗╃殑鍛藉悕鏂规硶鏈夌郴缁熷懡鍚嶆硶,涔犳儻鍛藉悕娉,鏈変簺鏈夋満鐗╄繕鏈変織鍚嶃備竴,绯荤粺鍛藉悕娉(IUPAC)IUPAC鏈夋満鐗╁懡鍚嶆硶鏄竴绉嶆湁绯荤粺鍛藉悕鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏂规硶銆傝鍛藉悕娉曟槸鐢卞浗闄呯函绮逛笌搴旂敤鍖栧鑱斿悎...
绛旓細鐢变笂鑷充笅锛岀敱宸﹁嚦鍙筹紝鍒嗗埆涓猴細锛圸锛-2,2,5-涓夌敳鍩-3-宸辩儻 2-鐢插熀-3-涔欏熀鎴婄兎 铻篬3,4]杈涚兎 浜岀幆[2.2.1]搴氱兎 3-鐜繁鍩哄繁鐑 锛1R,2S)-1-鐢插熀-2-姘幆宸辩兎 1-钀橀厷
绛旓細鐩墠缁忓父浣跨敤鐨勬湁锛氭櫘閫氬懡鍚嶆硶锛氳繖鏄竴涓範鎯懡鍚嶏紝閫氬父鏍规嵁鐗╄川鐨勬潵婧愬拰鐗瑰緛鍛藉悕銆IUPAC鍛藉悕娉锛氭槸鍥介檯绾补涓庡簲鐢ㄥ寲瀛﹁仈鍚堜細(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)瑙勫畾鐨勫懡鍚嶆硶銆绯荤粺鍛藉悕娉锛氫腑鍥藉寲瀛︿細缁撳悎鎴戝浗鏂囧瓧鐗圭偣鍦1960骞翠慨璁簡銆鏈夋満鍖栧鐗╄川鐨勭郴缁熷懡鍚嶅師鍒欍嬶紝鍦1980骞村張鍔犱互琛ュ厖锛...
绛旓細鎷撳睍鐭ヨ瘑锛鍖栧鍛藉悕娉曪紙IUPAC鏈夋満鐗╁懡鍚嶆硶锛夛紝鏄竴绉嶆湁绯荤粺鍛藉悕鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏂规硶銆傝鍛藉悕娉曟槸鐢卞浗闄呯函绮逛笌搴旂敤鍖栧鑱斿悎浼氾紙IUPAC锛夎瀹氱殑锛屾渶鍚庝竴娆′慨璁㈡槸鍦1993骞淬傚叾鍓嶈韩鏄1892骞存棩鍐呯摝鍥介檯鍖栧浼氱殑鈥绯荤粺鍛藉悕娉鈥濄傛渶鐞嗘兂鐨勬儏鍐垫槸锛屾瘡涓绉嶆湁娓呮鐨勭粨鏋勫紡鐨勬湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿閮鍙互鐢涓涓‘瀹氱殑鍚嶇О鏉ユ弿杩板畠...
绛旓細鏂规硶涓锛屽皢鑻綔涓哄彇浠ｅ熀锛岃嫰鐜互澶栫殑閮ㄥ垎浣滀负姣嶄綋锛岃繖绉嶆柟娉曢傜敤浜庤嫰涓婂彧鏈変竴涓阿琚彇浠ｇ殑鎯呭喌锛屽鑻箼鐑紝3-鑻熀-2-涓佺儻閰镐箼閰 鏂规硶浜岋紝灏嗙儻鍩轰綔涓哄彇浠ｅ熀锛岃嫰浣滀负姣嶄綋锛岃繖绉嶆柟娉曢傜敤浜庡彧鏈変竴涓嫰鐜笖鑻幆涓婂彇浠ｅ熀杈冪畝鍗曠殑鎯呭喌锛屽涔欑儻鍩鸿嫰锛1-涔欑儻鍩,3-涓欑儻鍩,5-鐑笝鍩鸿嫰 ...
绛旓細鏈绠鍘熷垯锛氭敮閾炬渶绠鍗曪級3銆佷功鍐欒鍒欙細鏀悕鍓嶏紝涓诲悕鍚 鏀悕鍚岋紝瑕佸悎骞 鏀悕寮傦紝绠鍦ㄥ墠 鑻ユ槸琛嶇敓鐗╋紝鍒欎富閾捐浠庡彇浠ｅ熀寮濮嬬畻锛岃繕鏈変竴浜涘叾浠栫墿璐ㄧ殑鍛藉悕鏂规硶涓嶅ソ璇存槑锛岃嫢鏄仛棰樼殑璇濅細缁欏嚭鎻愮ず鐨 閮借繕姣旇緝濂界悊瑙ｅ惂~~鎴戣繖鎯充緥瀛愪篃鎸鸿垂鍔茬殑,濡傛灉浣犳湁浠涔堜笉鏄庣櫧鐨勫彲浠ヤ粠Q涓婇棶鎴憕~鎴慟454700583 ...
绛旓細銆傜涓涓細2,3,5,5-鍥涚敳鍩哄簹鐑凤紙2,3,5,5-tetramethylheptane锛夌浜屼釜锛2,2,4,5-鍥涚敳鍩-4,-涔欏熀宸辩兎锛3-ethyl-2,3,5,5-tetramethylhexane锛夌涓変釜锛2,5-浜岀敳鍩-3,4-浜屼箼鍩哄繁鐑凤紙3,4-diethyl-2,5-dimethylhexane锛夌鍥涗釜锛4-寮備笝鍩-6-姝ｄ笝鍩哄，鐑(4-i-propyl-6-n-propylnonane)...
绛旓細浣犲ソ锛2銆鍛藉悕涓2-鍛嬪杻涔欓啗 3銆佸懡鍚嶄负8-缇熷熀鍠瑰晧 8銆佸懡鍚嶄负3-鍣诲惄鐢查吀 9銆佸懡鍚嶄负2-纭濆熀鍚″挴 10銆佸懡鍚嶄负7-鐢插熀钀橀厷
