将相和的文言文？ 将相和文言文
\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u5c06\u76f8\u548c\u5168\u6587\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u76f8\u548c\u539f\u6587\uff1a
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《将相和》原文：
廉颇者，赵之良将也。赵惠文王十六年，廉颇为赵将，伐齐，大破之，取阳晋，拜为上卿，以勇气闻于诸侯。蔺相如者，赵人也，为赵宦者令缪贤舍人。赵惠文王时，得楚和氏璧。秦昭王闻之，使人遗赵王书，愿以十五城请易璧。
赵王与大将军廉颇诸大臣谋：欲予秦，秦城恐不可得，徒见欺；欲勿予，即患秦兵之来。计未定，求人可使报秦者，未得。宦者令缪贤曰：“臣舍人蔺相如可使。”王问：“何以知之？”对曰：“臣尝有罪，窃计欲亡走燕，臣舍人相如止臣，曰：“君何以知燕王？"
臣语曰："臣尝从大王与燕王会境上，燕王私握臣手，曰“愿结友”。以此知之，故欲往。"相如谓臣曰：‘夫赵强而燕弱，而君幸于赵王，故燕王欲结于君。今君乃亡赵走燕，燕畏赵，其势必不敢留君，而束君归赵矣。君不如肉袒伏斧质请罪，则幸得脱矣。’臣从其计，大王亦幸赦臣。臣窃以为其人勇士，有智谋，宜可使。”
于是王召见，问蔺相如曰：“秦王以十五城请易寡人之璧，可予不？”相如曰：“秦强而赵弱，不可不许。”王曰：“取吾璧，不予我城，奈何？”相如曰：“秦以城求璧而赵不许，曲在赵。赵予璧而秦不予赵城，曲在秦。均之二策，宁许以负秦曲。”
王曰：“谁可使者？”相如曰：“王必无人，臣愿奉璧往使。城入赵而璧留秦；城不入，臣请完璧归赵。”赵王于是遂遣相如奉璧西入秦。秦王坐章台见相如，相如奉璧奏秦王。秦王大喜，传以示美人及左右，左右皆呼万岁。
相如视秦王无意偿赵城，乃前曰：“璧有瑕，请指示王。”王授璧，相如因持璧却立，倚柱，怒发上冲冠.
谓秦王曰：“大王欲得璧，使人发书至赵王，赵王悉召群臣议，皆曰‘秦贪，负其强，以空言求璧，偿城恐不可得’。议不欲予秦璧。臣以为布衣之交尚不相欺，况大国乎！且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢，不可。于是赵王乃斋戒五日，使臣奉璧，拜送书于庭。
何者？严大国之威以修敬也。今臣至，大王见臣列观，礼节甚倨；得璧，传之美人，以戏弄臣。臣观大王无意偿赵王城邑，故臣复取璧。大王必欲急臣，臣头今与璧俱碎于柱矣！”相如持其璧睨柱，欲以击柱。秦王恐其破璧，乃辞谢固请，召有司案图，指从此以往十五都予赵。
相如度秦王特以诈详为予赵城，实不可得，乃谓秦王曰：“和氏璧，天下所共传宝也，赵王恐，不敢不献。赵王送璧时，斋戒五日，今大王亦宜斋戒五日，设九宾于廷，臣乃敢上璧。”秦王度之，终不可强夺，遂许斋五日，舍相如广成传。
相如度秦王虽斋，决负约不偿城，乃使其从者衣褐，怀其璧，从径道亡，归璧于赵。秦王斋五日后，乃设九宾礼于廷，引赵使者蔺相如。相如至，谓秦王曰：“秦自缪公以来二十馀君，未尝有坚明约束者也。臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵，故令人持璧归，间至赵矣。
且秦强而赵弱，大王遣一介之使至赵，赵立奉璧来。今以秦之强而先割十五都予赵，赵岂敢留璧而得罪于大王乎？臣知欺大王之罪当诛，臣请就汤镬，唯大王与群臣孰计议之。”秦王与群臣相视而嘻。
左右或欲引相如去，秦王因曰：“今杀相如，终不能得璧也，而绝秦赵之欢，不如因而厚遇之，使归赵，赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪！”卒廷见相如，毕礼而归之。相如既归，赵王以为贤大夫使不辱于诸侯，拜相如为上大夫。秦亦不以城予赵，赵亦终不予秦璧.其后秦伐赵，拔石城。
明年，复攻赵，杀二万人。秦王使使者告赵王，欲与王为好会于西河外渑池。赵王畏秦，欲毋行。廉颇、蔺相如计曰：“王不行，示赵弱且怯也。”赵王遂行，相如从。廉颇送至境，与王诀曰：“王行，度道里会遇之礼毕，还，不过三十日。三十日不还，则请立太子为王，以绝秦望。”
王许之，遂与秦王会渑池。秦王饮酒酣，曰：“寡人窃闻赵王好音，请奏瑟。”赵王鼓瑟。秦御史前书曰“某年月日，秦王与赵王会饮，令赵王鼓瑟”。蔺相如前曰：“赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声，请奏盆缻秦王，以相娱乐。”秦王怒，不许。
于是相如前进缻，因跪请秦王。秦王不肯击缻。相如曰：“五步之内，相如请得以颈血溅大王矣！”左右欲刃相如，相如张目叱之，左右皆靡。于是秦王不怿，为一击缻。相如顾召赵御史书曰“某年月日，秦王为赵王击缻”。秦之群臣曰：“请以赵十五城为秦王寿。”
蔺相如亦曰：“请以秦之咸阳为赵王寿。”秦王竟酒，终不能加胜于赵。赵亦盛设兵以待秦，秦不敢动。既罢归国，以相如功大，拜为上卿，位在廉颇之右。廉颇曰：“我为赵将，有攻城野战之大功，而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳，而位居我上，且相如素贱人，吾羞，不忍为之下。”宣言曰：“我见相如，必辱之。”
相如闻，不肯与会。相如每朝时，常称病，不欲与廉颇争列。已而相如出，望见廉颇，相如引车避匿。于是舍人相与谏曰：“臣所以去亲戚而事君者，徒慕君之高义也。今君与廉颇同列，廉君宣恶言而君畏匿之，恐惧殊甚，且庸人尚羞之，况于将相乎！臣等不肖，请辞去。”
蔺相如固止之，曰：“公之视廉将军孰与秦王？”曰：“不若也。”相如曰：“夫以秦王之威，而相如廷叱之，辱其群臣，相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉？顾吾念之，强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者，徒以吾两人在也。今两虎共斗，其势不俱生。吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私仇也。”
廉颇闻之，肉袒负荆，因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪。曰：“鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也。”卒相与欢，为刎颈之交。
司马迁《将相和》
既罢②，归国，以相如功大，拜为上卿，位在廉颇之右③。廉颇曰： “我为赵将，有攻城野战之大功，而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳④，而位居我上。且相如素贱人⑤，吾羞，不忍为之下⑥。” 宣言曰⑦： “我见相如，必辱之!” 相如闻，不肯与会⑧。相如每朝时，常称病，不欲与廉颇争列⑨。已而相如出⑩，望见廉颇，相如引车避匿(11)。于是舍人相与谏曰(12)： “臣所以去亲戚而事君者(13)，徒慕君之高义也(14)。今君与廉颇同列，廉君宣恶言，而君畏匿之，恐惧殊甚。且庸人尚羞之，况于将相乎! 臣等不肖(15)，请辞去。” 蔺相如固止之，曰： “公之视廉将军孰与秦王(16)?” 曰： “不若也(17)。” 相如曰： “夫以秦王之威，而相如廷叱之(18)，辱其群臣; 相如虽驽(19)，独畏廉将军哉?顾吾念之(20)，强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者，徒以吾两人在也(21)。今两虎共斗，其势不俱生。吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私雠也(22)。”廉颇闻之，肉袒负荆(23)，因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪(24)，曰： “鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也(25)。”卒相与驩(26)，为刎颈之交(27)。
楚国有一件叫做和氏璧的宝玉，为赵惠文王所得，秦昭王听说后，表示愿意用15城换取和氏璧。赵惠文王召见蔺相如，蔺相如表示愿带和氏璧去秦国，如果赵国得到秦国的城邑，就将和氏璧留在秦国，反之，一定完璧归赵。蔺相如到秦国后，将和氏璧献上，秦昭王大喜，却全无将城邑给赵之意。蔺相如诓说玉上有一小疵点，要指给秦昭王看，拿回了宝玉。他在庭柱旁站定，说：赵王担心秦国自恃强大，得和氏璧而不给城邑，经过我劝说方才答应。赵王斋戒5天，然后才让我捧璧前来，以示对秦国威严的尊重和敬意。不料大王礼仪简慢，毫无交割城邑的诚意，若大王一定要抢走宝玉，我宁可将一颗脑袋与宝玉一起在柱子上撞碎。秦昭王无奈，只得划出15个城邑给赵。蔺相如估计秦昭王不过是假意应付，便提出要秦昭王也应斋戒5日，再郑重其事地交换。秦昭王只好应允。蔺相如便派随从怀藏和氏璧，偷偷从小道返回赵国。秦昭王斋戒完毕，举行交换仪式时，蔺相如才把送和氏璧回赵之事告诉秦昭王，从而保全了和氏璧。故事介绍
战国时赵国舍人蔺相如奉命出使秦国，不辱使命，完璧归赵，所以被封了上大夫；又陪同赵王赴秦王设下的渑池之会，使赵王免受秦王侮辱。赵王为表彰蔺相如的功劳，封蔺相如为上卿。老将廉颇认为自己战无不胜，攻无不克，蔺相如只不过是一介文弱书生，只有口舌之功却比他官大，对此心中很是不服，所以屡次对人说：“以后让我见了他，必定会羞辱他。”蔺相如知道此事后以国家大局为重，请病假不上朝，尽量不与他相见。后来廉颇得知蔺相如此举完全是以国家大局为重，向蔺相如负荆请罪。之后两人合好开始尽心尽力的辅佐赵王治理国家。
将相和的故事
战国时赵国舍人蔺相如奉命出使秦国，不辱使命，完壁归赵，又培同赵王赴秦王设下的渑池会，使赵王免受暗算。为奖励蔺相如的汗马之功，赵王封蔺相如为丞相。老将廉颇居功自傲，对此不服，而屡次故意挑衅，蔺相如以国家大事为重，始终忍让。后廉颇终于醒悟，向蔺相如负荆请罪。将相和好，共同辅国，国家无恙。
《将相和》这个故事出自司马迁的《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》。
将相和的故事的启发：无论什么时候，都要以国家的利益和大局为重，做人要有宽阔的胸怀。
廉颇者，赵之良将也。赵惠⽂王⼗六年，廉颇为赵将伐齐，⼤破之，取阳晋，拜为上卿，以勇⽓闻於诸侯。蔺相如者，赵⼈也，为赵宦者令缪贤舍⼈。 赵惠⽂王时，得楚和⽒璧。秦昭王闻之，使⼈遗赵王书，原以⼗五城请易璧。赵王与⼤将军廉颇诸⼤⾂谋：欲予秦，秦城恐不可得，徒见欺;欲勿予，即患秦兵之来。计未定，求⼈可使报秦者，未得。宦者令缪贤⽈：“⾂舍⼈蔺相如可使。”王问：“何以知之?”对⽈：“⾂尝有罪，窃计欲亡⾛燕，⾂舍⼈相如⽌⾂，⽈：‘君何以知燕王?’⾂语⽈：‘⾂尝从⼤王与燕王会境上，燕王私握⾂⼿，⽈“原结友”。以此知之，故欲往。’相如谓⾂⽈：‘夫赵彊⽽燕弱，⽽君幸於赵王，故燕王欲结於君。今君乃亡赵⾛燕，燕畏赵，其势必不敢留君，⽽束君归赵矣。君不如⾁袒伏斧质请罪，则幸得脱矣。’⾂从其计，⼤王亦幸赦⾂。⾂窃以为其⼈勇⼠，有智谋，宜可使。”於是王召见，问蔺相如⽈：“秦王以⼗五城请易寡⼈之璧，可予不?”相如⽈：“秦彊⽽赵弱，不可不许。”王⽈：“取吾璧，不予我城，柰何?”相如⽈：“秦以城求璧⽽赵不许，曲在赵。赵予璧⽽秦不予赵城，曲在秦。均之⼆策，宁许以负秦曲。”王⽈：“谁可使者?”相如⽈：“王必⽆⼈，⾂原奉璧往使。城⼊赵⽽璧留秦;城不⼊，⾂请完璧归赵。”赵王於是遂遣相如奉璧西⼊秦。 秦王坐章台见相如，相如奉璧奏秦王。秦王⼤喜，传以⽰美⼈及左右，左右皆呼万岁。相如视秦王⽆意偿赵城，乃前⽈：“璧有瑕，请指⽰王。”王授璧，相如因持璧却⽴，倚柱，怒发上冲冠，谓秦王⽈：“⼤王欲得璧，使⼈发书⾄赵王，赵王悉召群⾂议，皆⽈‘秦贪，负其彊，以空⾔求璧，偿城恐不可得’。议不欲予秦璧。⾂以为布⾐之交尚不相欺，况⼤国乎!且以⼀璧之故逆彊秦之驩，不可。於是赵王乃斋戒五⽇，使⾂奉璧，拜送书於庭。何者?严⼤国之威以修敬也。今⾂⾄，⼤王见⾂列观，礼节甚倨;得璧，传之美⼈，以戏弄⾂。⾂观⼤王⽆意偿赵王城⾢，故⾂复取璧。⼤王必欲急⾂，⾂头今与璧俱碎於柱矣!”相如持其璧睨柱，欲以击柱。秦王恐其破璧，乃辞谢固请，召有司案图，指从此以往⼗五都予赵。相如度秦王特以诈详为予赵城，实不可得，乃谓秦王⽈：“和⽒璧，天下所共传宝也，赵王恐，不敢不献。赵王送璧时，斋戒五⽇，今⼤王亦宜斋戒五⽇，设九宾於廷，⾂乃敢上璧。”秦王度之，终不可彊夺，遂许斋五⽇，舍相如⼴成传。相如度秦王虽斋，决负约不偿城，乃使其从者⾐褐，怀其璧，从径道亡，归璧于赵。 秦王斋五⽇後，乃设九宾礼於廷，引赵使者蔺相如。相如⾄，谓秦王⽈：“秦⾃缪公以来⼆⼗馀君，未尝有坚明约束者也。⾂诚恐见欺於王⽽负赵，故令⼈持璧归，间⾄赵矣。且秦彊⽽赵弱，⼤王遣⼀介之使⾄赵，赵⽴奉璧来。今以秦之彊⽽先割⼗五都予赵，赵岂敢留璧⽽得罪於⼤王乎?⾂知欺⼤王之罪当诛，⾂请就汤镬，唯⼤王与群⾂孰计议之。”秦王与群⾂相视⽽嘻。左右或欲引相如去，秦王因⽈：“今杀相如，终不能得璧也，⽽绝秦赵之驩，不如因⽽厚遇之，使归赵，赵王岂以⼀璧之故欺秦邪!”卒廷见相如，毕礼⽽归之。 相如既归，赵王以为贤⼤夫使不辱於诸侯，拜相如为上⼤夫。秦亦不以城予赵，赵亦终不予秦璧。 其後秦伐赵，拔⽯城。明年，复攻赵，杀⼆万⼈。 秦王使使者告赵王，欲与王为好会於西河外渑池。赵王畏秦，欲⽏⾏。廉颇、蔺相如计⽈：“王不⾏，⽰赵弱且怯也。”赵王遂⾏，相如从。廉颇送⾄境，与王诀⽈：“王⾏，度道⾥会遇之礼毕，还，不过三⼗⽇。三⼗⽇不还，则请⽴太⼦为王。以绝秦望。”王许之，遂与秦王会渑池。秦王饮酒酣，⽈：“寡⼈窃闻赵王好⾳，请奏瑟。”赵王⿎瑟。秦御史前书⽈“某年⽉⽇，秦王与赵王会饮，令赵王⿎瑟”。蔺相如前⽈：“赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声，请奏盆鲊秦王，以相娱乐。”秦王怒，不许。於是相如前进鲊，因跪请秦王。秦王不肯击鲊。相如⽈：“五步之内，相如请得以颈⾎溅⼤王矣!”左右欲刃相如，相如张⽬叱之，左右皆靡。於是秦王不怿，为⼀击鲊。相如顾召赵御史书⽈“某年⽉⽇，秦王为赵王击鲊”。秦之群⾂⽈：“请以赵⼗五城为秦王寿”。蔺相如亦⽈：“请以秦之咸阳为赵王寿。”秦王竟酒，终不能加胜於赵。赵亦盛设兵以待秦，秦不敢动。 既罢归国，以相如功⼤，拜为上卿，位在廉颇之右。廉颇⽈：“我为赵将，有攻城野战之⼤功，⽽蔺相如徒以⼝⾆为劳，⽽位居我上，且相如素贱⼈，吾羞，不忍为之下。”宣⾔⽈：“我见相如，必辱之。”相如闻，不肯与会。相如每朝时，常称病，不欲与廉颇争列。已⽽相如出，望见廉颇，相如引车避匿。於是舍⼈相与谏⽈：“⾂所以去亲戚⽽事君者，徒慕君之⾼义也。今君与廉颇同列，廉君宣恶⾔⽽君畏匿之，恐惧殊甚，且庸⼈尚羞之，况於将相乎!⾂等不肖，请辞去。”蔺相如固⽌之，⽈：“公之视廉将军孰与秦王?”⽈：“不若也。”相如⽈：“夫以秦王之威，⽽相如廷叱之，辱其群⾂，相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉?顾吾念之，彊秦之所以不敢加兵於赵者，徒以吾两⼈在也。今两虎共⽃，其势不俱
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