民用核能转化为军用核能简单吗 核电的发展历史是怎样的?
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1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u793a\u8303\u9636\u6bb5
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3\u6ede\u7f13\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5
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1979\u5e743\u6708\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u91cc\u5c9b\u6838\u7535\u5382\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c 1986\u5e744\u6708\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u7535\u5382\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6838\u7535\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u63a5\u53d7\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u969c\u788d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b49\u5df2\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u7535\u3002
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\u4ece80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u523090\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5404\u6838\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u4e3a\u6838\u7535\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u800c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7740\u624b\u5236\u8ba2\u4ee5\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7387\u5148\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u5148\u8fdb\u8f7b\u6c34\u5806\u7684\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u4ef6(Utility Requirements Document\uff0cURD)\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7406\u987a\u6838\u7535\u5382\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u897f\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u4ef6(EUR)\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u4e5f\u5728\u5236\u8ba2\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6(\u5206\u522b\u4e3aJURD\u548cKURD)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u539f\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5404\u6838\u7535\u8bbe\u5907\u4f9b\u5e94\u5382\u5546\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u6309URD\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f7b\u6c34\u5806\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u829d\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u65e5\u7acb\u516c\u53f8\u8054\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u6539\u826f\u578b\u6cb8\u6c34\u5806ABWR\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fdABB-CE\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u6539\u826f\u578b\u538b\u6c34\u5806\u7cfb\u7edf80+\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5c4b\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u975e\u80fd\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u578b\u538b\u6c34\u5806AP-600\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6cd5\u9a6c\u901a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u897f\u95e8\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u8054\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u6539\u826f\u578b\u6b27\u6d32\u538b\u6c34\u5806EPR\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dABWR\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf80+\u548cAP-600\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u6838\u76d1\u7ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(USNRC)\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6279\u51c6\u4e66(final design approval\uff0cFDA)\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u4e24\u53f0ABWR\u673a\u7ec4\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u6210\u6295\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u56db\u53f0ABWR\u673a\u7ec4\u6b63\u5206\u522b\u5728\u65e5\u672c(\u4e24\u53f0)\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e(\u4e24\u53f0)\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u7535\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5efa\u6210\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u7ec4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5efa\u7684\u67098\u53f0\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u9020300MW\u7684\u6070\u5e0c\u9a6c\u538b\u6c34\u5806\u6838\u7535\u5382\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u7b49\u56fd\u4e5f\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u6838\u7535\u5382\u30021998\u5e74\u5e95\u5728\u5efa\u768436\u53f0\u6838\u7535\u673a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002
4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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5\u82cf\u8054(\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af)\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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6\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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7\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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8\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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10\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55
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\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u73b0\u6709\u4e09\u5ea7\u6838\u7535\u53826\u53f0\u673a\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d4\u53f0\u662f\u6cb8\u6c34\u5806\uff0c2\u53f0\u662f\u538b\u6c34\u5806\uff0c\u603b\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a4884MW\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f15\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5ea7\u6838\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u7ec4\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u829d\u3001\u65e5\u7acb\u516c\u53f8\u8054\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6cb8\u6c34\u5806(ABWR)\uff0c\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a1300MW\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\u9605\u8bfb\uff01
民用核能转化为军用核能其实并不简单。
民用核能转化为军用核能有几步：
第一个即核燃料的获取。裂变核燃料有铀235、铀233和钚239，其中铀235是存在于自然界中的。获得铀是非常复杂的系列工艺，浓缩分离是最后的流程，需要很高的科技水平。获得1公斤武器级铀235需要200吨铀矿石。
第二个即起爆装置。制造一枚原子弹不仅需要有用作裂变燃料的原材料，更要有触发装置，以及一种能在核弹发生爆炸前使大部分燃料发生裂变的技术（否则核弹会失败）。
第三个是投掷技术。真正的核武器由三部分组成，即核战斗部、运载工具和指挥控制系统。有了核武器就必须拥有相应的投掷手段。扔不出去的原子弹在实际意义上的威慑力必定大打折扣。
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绛旓細1.1 鏍歌兘鍙戠數鎶鏈殑楠岃瘉 鍦20涓栫邯浜斻佸叚鍗佸勾浠,浜屾垬鏃舵湡涓哄啗浜鐩殑鑰屽彂灞曠殑鏍告妧鏈浆鍚戞皯鐢ㄥ彂灞曟牳鐢,鏄剧ず浜嗙編濂界殑鍓嶆櫙銆備竴浜涘彂灞曟牳鐢电殑鍏堣鍥,濡傜編銆佽嫳銆佹硶銆佸師鑻忚仈銆佸姞鎷垮ぇ銆佺憺鍏哥瓑鍥,鍚勮嚜鐙珛鍦拌繘琛屼簡姘戠敤鏍歌兘鐨勫紑鍙戙備笘鐣屾牳鎶鏈殑鍙戝睍,鐢卞啗鐢ㄨ浆鍚戜簡姘戠敤銆傚湪姘戠敤鏍歌兘鐨勫紑鍙戣繃绋嬩腑,涓鑸兘閫氳繃寤鸿鍜岃繍琛屽疄楠屽爢鏉...
