实验室要配制0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液100mL,则:(1)需要固体NaOH的质量为 某学生需要用烧碱固体配制0.5mol?L-1的NaOH溶液5...
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\uff081\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u914d\u52360.5mol?L-1\u7684NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2500mL\u9700\u8981NaOH\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a0.5L\u00d70.5mol/L\u00d740g/mol=10.0g\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a10.0\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u6709\u79f0\u91cf\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3\u3001\u79fb\u6db2\u3001\u6d17\u6da4\u3001\u5b9a\u5bb9\u3001\u6447\u5300\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6258\u76d8\u5929\u5e73\u79f0\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u836f\u5319\u53d6\u7528\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u70e7\u676f\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u51b7\u5374\u540e\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230500mL\u5bb9\u91cf\u74f6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u73bb\u7483\u68d2\u5f15\u6d41\uff0c\u5f53\u52a0\u6c34\u81f3\u6db2\u9762\u8ddd\u79bb\u523b\u5ea6\u7ebf1\uff5e2cm\u65f6\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u80f6\u5934\u6ef4\u7ba1\u6ef4\u52a0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u4e3a\u80f6\u5934\u6ef4\u7ba1\u3001\u836f\u5319\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u2460\u2463\u2464\u2465\uff1b\u80f6\u5934\u6ef4\u7ba1\uff1b\u836f\u5319\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u6709\u79f0\u91cf\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3\u3001\u79fb\u6db2\u3001\u6d17\u6da4\u3001\u5b9a\u5bb9\u3001\u6447\u5300\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aBCAFED\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u73bb\u7483\u5728\u6eb6\u89e3\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u6405\u62cc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u79fb\u6db2\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u5f15\u6d41\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u6405\u62cc\uff1b\u5f15\u6d41\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u2460\u5bb9\u91cf\u74f6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u524d\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6d17\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u70d8\u5e72\uff0c\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6545\u2460\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u2461\u5b9a\u5bb9\u89c2\u5bdf\u6db2\u9762\u65f6\u4fef\u89c6\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4f53\u79ef\u504f\u5c0f\uff0c\u6d53\u5ea6\u504f\u5927\uff0c\u6545\u2461\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\u2462\u914d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\uff083\uff09\u4e2d\u6b65\u9aa4A\uff0c\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6d53\u5ea6\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u6545\u2462\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u2463\u52a0\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u65f6\u4e0d\u614e\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u523b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4f53\u79ef\u504f\u5927\uff0c\u6d53\u5ea6\u504f\u5c0f\uff0c\u6545\u2463\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u2461\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fa\u73b0\u52a0\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u65f6\u4e0d\u614e\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u523b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u504f\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u5236\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u5236\uff0e
(1)配制0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液100mL,需氢氧化钠的质量为m=0.5L×0.1mol?L -1 ×40g/mol=2.0g, 故答案为:2.0g; (2)氢氧化钠具有腐蚀性且易潮解,应放在烧杯内迅速称量,故答案为:烧杯; (3)操作步骤有计算、称量、溶解、移液、洗涤移液、定容、摇匀等操作,一般用托盘天平称量,用药匙取用药品,在烧杯中溶解(可用量筒量取水加入烧杯),并用玻璃棒搅拌,加速溶解.冷却后转移到100mL容量瓶中,并用玻璃棒引流,洗涤烧杯、玻璃棒2-3次,并将洗涤液移入容量瓶中,加水至液面距离刻度线1~2cm时,改用胶头滴管滴加,最后定容颠倒摇匀.所以所需仪器有托盘天平、烧杯、玻璃棒、100mL容量瓶、胶头滴管、药匙, 故选:ACFG; (4)由(3)中操作步骤可知,实验先后顺序①②③⑤⑥④⑧⑦,故答案为:①②③⑤⑥④⑧⑦; (5)A.液体具有热胀冷缩的性质,氢氧化钠溶解放热,未冷却到室温,趁热将溶液到入容量瓶,并配成溶液,冷却后会导致溶液体积偏小,溶液浓度偏高,故A不符合; B.定容后发现液面低于刻度线,可以补加蒸馏水至刻度线,对所配溶液浓度无影响,故B不符合; C.有少量NaOH溶液残留在烧杯中,移入容量瓶内氢氧化钠的物质的量减小,所配溶液浓度偏低,故C符合; D.配制需加水定容,容量瓶中原来有少量蒸馏水,对所配溶液浓度无影响,故D不符合; 故选C; (6)该同学向容量瓶内移液需用玻璃棒引流,防止溶液洒落,故答案为:未用玻璃棒引流. |
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绛旓細鏀圭敤鑳跺ご婊寸婊村姞锛屾渶鍚庡畾瀹归鍊掓憞鍖锛庢墍浠ユ彁渚涚殑浠櫒涓繀椤讳娇鐢ㄦ湁锛氣憼鐑ф澂銆佲懀500mL瀹归噺鐡躲佲懁鐜荤拑妫掋佲懄鑽寵锛庣己澶辩殑浠櫒涓猴細鎵樼洏澶╁钩銆佽兌澶存淮绠★紟鏁呯瓟妗堜负锛氣憼鈶b懁鈶︼紱鎵樼洏澶╁钩銆佽兌澶存淮绠★紟锛2锛夋湁锛1锛変腑婧舵恫閰嶅埗鎿嶄綔鍙煡锛岀幓鐠冩鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ负锛氭悈鎷岋紱寮曟祦锛庢晠绛旀涓猴細鎼呮媽锛涘紩娴侊紟锛3锛夌敱锛1锛変腑...
绛旓細鍏舵懇灏旇川閲忎负98.09 g/mol銆備唬鍏ユ暟鍊硷紝鍙互寰楀埌璁$畻鍏紡锛氱墿璐ㄩ噺锛坓锛 = 0.5 mol/L 脳 1 L 脳 98.09 g/mol = 49.045 g 鍥犳锛屼綘闇瑕绉板彇绾49.045鍏嬬殑纭吀锛屽苟灏嗗叾婧惰В鍦ㄨ冻澶熺殑姘翠腑锛屾悈鎷屽潎鍖锛岀洿鍒版讳綋绉揪鍒1000 mL锛1鍗囷級銆傝鍔″繀淇濊瘉鍦ㄦ搷浣滆繃绋嬩腑娉ㄦ剰瀹夊叏鍜屾纭殑瀹為獙瀹鎿嶄綔娴佺▼銆
绛旓細锛1锛瀹為獙瀹ら渶瑕0.5mol/L鐨凜uSO4婧舵恫100mL锛屾憾娑蹭腑纭吀閾滅殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓猴細0.5mol/L脳0.1L=0.05mol锛岄渶瑕佺~閰搁摐鐨勮川閲忎负锛160g/mol脳0.05mol=8.0g锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細8.0g锛涳紙2锛夊畾瀹规椂锛屽悜瀹瑰櫒涓姞钂搁姘达紝鑷虫恫闈㈣窛鍒诲害绾1cm锝2cm澶勶紝鏀圭敤鑳跺ご婊寸灏忓績婊村姞钂搁姘磋嚦婧舵恫鍑规恫闈笌瀹归噺鐡跺埢搴︾嚎...
绛旓細鍒嗘恫婕忔枟鏈夌摱濉炲拰鏃嬪锛屼娇鐢ㄥ墠闇妫鏌ユ槸鍚︽紡姘达紱鏁呯瓟妗堜负锛欱锛涙鏌ユ槸鍚︽紡姘达紱锛2锛夊閲忕摱鍙兘鐢ㄦ潵閰嶅埗涓瀹氫綋绉噯纭祿搴︾殑婧舵恫锛屼笉鑳介厤鍒舵垨娴嬮噺瀹归噺鐡惰鏍间互涓嬬殑浠绘剰浣撶Н鐨勬恫浣擄紝涓嶈兘绋閲婃垨婧惰В鑽搧锛屼笉鑳界敤鏉ュ姞鐑憾瑙e浐浣撴憾璐紝鏁呴塀C锛涳紙3锛夋祿纭吀鐨勬祿搴=103蟻wM=103脳1.84脳98%98mol/L=18.4mol/L...
绛旓細锛1锛閰嶅埗0.5mol?L-1鐨凬aOH婧舵恫500mL锛岄厤鍒舵楠ゆ湁璁$畻銆佺О閲忋佹憾瑙c佺Щ娑层佹礂娑ょЩ娑层佸畾瀹广佹憞鍖绛夋搷浣滐紝鐢ㄥぉ骞崇О閲廚aOH锛堢敤鍒拌嵂鍖欙級锛屽湪鐑ф澂涓█閲婏紝骞剁敤鐜荤拑妫掓悈鎷岋紝鍔犻熸憾瑙o紝鍐峰嵈鍚庤浆绉诲埌500mL瀹归噺鐡朵腑锛屽苟鐢ㄧ幓鐠冩寮曟祦锛屾礂娑2-3娆★紝骞跺皢娲楁钉娑茬Щ鍏ュ閲忕摱锛屽綋鍔犳按鑷虫恫闈㈣窛绂诲埢搴︾嚎1锝2cm鏃讹紝鏀...
绛旓細瑕侀厤鍒0.5 mmol/L鐨勪箼閰搁摰婧舵恫锛屼綘鍙互鎸夌収浠ヤ笅姝ラ杩涜鎿嶄綔锛氬噯澶囨墍闇鐨瀹為獙瀹鐢ㄥ叿鍜岃瘯鍓傦紝鍖呮嫭涔欓吀閾碉紙NH4CH3COO锛夊浐浣撳拰鍘荤瀛愭按銆備娇鐢ㄥぉ骞崇О閲忛傞噺鐨勪箼閰搁摰鍥轰綋銆傜敱浜庝箼閰搁摰鐨勬懇灏旇川閲忎负77.08 g/mol锛屼綘闇瑕佺О閲忓嚭鐩稿簲鐨勯噺浠ヨ揪鍒0.5 mmol鐨勬祿搴︺傝绠椾箼閰搁摰鍥轰綋鐨勮川閲忓彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鍏紡锛氳川閲忥紙g锛...
绛旓細锛1锛500mL 0.5mol?L-1鐨凬aOH婧舵恫涓惈鏈夋阿姘у寲閽犵殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓猴細0.5mol/L脳0.5L=0.25mol锛闇瑕姘㈡哀鍖栭挔鐨勮川閲忎负锛40g/mol脳0.25mol=10.0g锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細10.0锛涳紙2锛閰嶅埗500mL 0.5mol/L鐨勬阿姘у寲閽犳憾娑茬殑姝ラ涓猴細璁$畻銆佺О閲忋佹憾瑙c佸喎鍗淬佽浆绉汇佹礂娑ゃ佸畾瀹广佹憞鍖绛夛紝闇瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ殑浠櫒涓猴細...
绛旓細瑙o細1000姣崌0.5mol/L鐨勭閰告憾娑蹭腑纭濋吀鐨勮川閲弇=0.5mol/L脳1L脳63g/mol=31.5g 闇瑕瀵嗗害1.4g/ml鐨勬祿纭濋吀鐨勪綋绉疺=31.5g梅锛1.4g/ml脳0.63锛=31.5g梅0.882g/ml鈮35.71ml 绛旓細闇瑕佸瘑搴︽槸1.40鍏嬫瘡姣崌锛岃川閲忓垎鏁颁负0.63鐨勬祿纭濋吀35.71姣崌 濡傛灉鎮ㄦ湁浠涔堢枒闂拰涓嶈В涔嬪锛屾杩庤拷闂垜锛侊紒
绛旓細锛1锛塵=CVM=0.5mol/L脳0.1L脳58.5g=2.9g锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細2.9锛 锛2锛夎瀹為獙涓闇瑕鐑ф澂婧惰В鑽搧锛岄渶瑕佺幓鐠冩鎼呮媽鍜屽紩娴侊紝闇瑕100mL瀹归噺鐡閰嶅埗婧舵恫锛岄渶瑕佽兌澶存淮绠″畾瀹癸紝鏁呯瓟妗堜负锛氱儳鏉佺幓鐠冩銆100mL瀹归噺鐡躲佽兌澶存淮绠★紱锛3锛夊疄楠屾搷浣滅殑姝ラ锛氳绠椼佺О閲忋佹憾瑙c佺Щ娑层佹礂娑ょЩ娑层佸畾瀹广佹憞鍖绛夋搷浣...