初一 英语 时态问题 请详细解答,谢谢! (27 10:26:25)
\u521d\u4e00\u82f1\u8bed\u65f6\u6001\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff1a
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u8868\u793a(1)\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u5373\uff1a\u975e\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a(2)\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ea\u8bf4\u660e\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002
I had a word with Julia this morning.\u4eca\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u6211\u8ddf\u6731\u4e3d\u4e9a\u8bf4\u4e86\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. \u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u6212\u70df\u7684\u90a3\u9635\u5b50\uff0c\u70df\u62bd\u5f97\u53ef\u51f6\u4e86\u3002(2)
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u5e38\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u4ece\u53e5\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u5982\uff1ayesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when \u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
Have you had your lunch? \u4f60\u5403\u8fc7\u5348\u996d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\uff08\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u997f\u5417\uff1f\uff09
Yes, I have. \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5403\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5403\u9971\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u5403\u4e86\u3002\uff09
When did you have it? \u4f60\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5403\u7684\uff1f\uff08\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5403\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u3002\uff09
I had it about ten minutes ago. \u6211\u662f\u5927\u7ea6\u5341\u5206\u949f\u4ee5\u524d\u5403\u7684\u3002
Used to do something \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u505a\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
I used to work fourteen hours a day. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u5e38\u4e00\u5929\u5e72\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002
\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1a
\u8868\u793a(1)\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216(2)\u521a\u521a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a(3)\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u523b\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u5ef6\u7eed\u7740\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u6001\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
The conference has lasted for five days. \u4f1a\u8bae\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u4e86\u4e94\u5929\u3002
He has just bought an unusual car. \u4ed6\u521a\u521a\u4e70\u5230\u4e00\u8f86\u4e0d\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5c0f\u8f7f\u8f66\u3002
\u5f53\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8868\u793a\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6: \u8fd9\u7c7b\u72b6\u8bed\u6709\uff1aup to now, up till now, so far, these days, this summer, for \u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u6216 since \u7b49:
We haven\u2019t seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 1987\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u89c1\u9762\u3002
Up till now we have established ten projects. \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u4e0a\u4e86\u5341\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u3002
So far they have only learned the first three chapters. \u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u5b66\u4e86\u524d\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002
We haven\u2019t had much rain this summer. \u4eca\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u6ca1\u4e0b\u591a\u5c11\u96e8\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u3002
\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\uff081\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ee5\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528by,
before\u7b49\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
By nine o\u2019clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship.\u5230\u6628\u665a9\u70b9\u949f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230200 \u5f20\u98de\u8239\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u8868\u793a\u7531\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u53e6\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e38\u548cfor, since\u6784\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
came.\u5f53\u8f66\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8f66\u7ad9\u5df2\u7b49\u4e8620\u5206\u949f\u3002
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u4ece1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u53d9\u8ff0\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u540e\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8ffd\u8ff0\u6216\u8865\u8ff0\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of
mine.\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5148\u751f\u6628\u5929\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u3002
I didn\u2019t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my
lesson.\u6211\u5bf9\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u529f\u8bfe\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u5728\u542b\u6709\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e38\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I returned the book that I had borrowed.\u6211\u5df2\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e86\u6211\u501f\u7684\u4e66\u3002
She found the key that she had lost.\u5979\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\uff085\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
He said that he had known her well.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u5979\u3002
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u524d\u5c31\u628a\u4fe1\u5bc4\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\uff086\uff09\u5728\u5305\u542b\u6709when,
until\u7b49\u8fde\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.\u6211\u9192\u6765\u65f6\u96e8\u5df2\u505c\u4e86\u3002
She didn\u2019t go to bed until she had finished he work.\u5979\u76f4\u5230\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u7761\u89c9\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5305\u542bbefore\u548cafter\u7684\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his
English.\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5230\u8fbe\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\uff087\uff09\u52a8\u8bcdthink, want, hope, mean, plan,
intend\u7b49\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u672a\u66fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u6216\u610f\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
They had wanted to help but could not get there in
time.\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u6253\u7b97\u53bb\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u8d76\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u3002
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4f60\u3002
\uff088\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u5728hardly\u2026when\u2026, no sooner\u2026than\u2026, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)\u2026\u7b49\u56fa\u5b9a\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted
him.\u4ed6\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u5c31\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.\u4ed6\u521a\u5230\u5c31\u53c8\u8d70\u4e86\u3002
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5931\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002
\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u5728\u7ebf\u9762\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u5c0f\u521d\u9ad8\u5b66\u751f\u514d\u8d39\u8d60\u9001\u6b63\u4ef7\u6625\u5b63\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0b\u8f7d\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u5728\u7ebf\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66app\u53ef\u514d\u8d39\u9886\u53d6\u5168\u5957\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u8bb2\u4e49\u3002
用法
一般过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。主要有以下几种形式：
1、 should /would + 动词原形
这一形式表示过去将来时间，通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中。
I wanted to know when you would finish the article. 我想知道你什么时候写完论文。
He said he would wait for me at the gate. 他说他将在校门口等我。
2、 was / were going to +不定式
They told me they were going to plaint trees. 他们告诉我他们打算去植树。
3、 was / were to + 不定式
这一形式通常指按过去的计划，安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的事。
The reporter said the sports meeting was to take place soon. 记者称运动会不久将举行。
4、 was / were about to + 不定式
这一形式通常指最近的过去将来时间。
The train was about to leave. 火车马上要开了。
这一形式在一定语境中可指未曾实现的意图，表示即将或正想做某事时，突然发生了什么事。
They were about to start when it rained. 他们正要出发，天就下起雨了。
五、 现在完成时
构成
have / has + -ed
用法
1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。
Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。
Have the office been cleaned? 办公室打扫了吗？
Have you been to Hong Kong? 你曾到过香港吗？
2、 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。常与表示一段时间的状语today, this week, recently, lately, in the past (last) few days, since the end of last year, since two weeks age, for a long time等时间状语连用。如：
They have lived here for more than ten years. 他们已在此住了十几年。
They haven’t given us any more trouble since then. 自那以后他们再没给我们带来麻烦。
3、 在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时。
I’ll go home as soon as I’ve had the bicycle mended. 我把自行车修好就回来。
We are going after we’ve had breakfast. 我们吃过早餐走。
4、 在“it’s the first / the second time (that)…”等结构中。
It’s the first time I have visited this city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
注意：1、注意区分：
have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。
have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。
2、瞬间动词的肯定式现在完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。瞬间动词的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为否定的状态是可以延续的。如：
I haven’t seen Mary for two years. 我两年没见玛利了。
3、现在完成时不能和表示过去特定时间的状语，如yesterday, last moth, three days ago, in 1989等连用；但可以就产生不确定时间的状语连用，如：
How many pages have you read today? 今天你读了多少页？
初一都有现在完成时了吗？
简单来说就是
现在完成时表示的是直一发生到现在（指刚才，说话之前）的事情，即对现在有影响的
而一般过去时表示的是过去发生的事，对现在没有影响。
过去时就可以了
举例：
I lived there ten years ago.
I have lived there for ten years.
首先是动词的不同，一个是动词的过去分词，一个是动词的过去式。
在意义上来看 过去时是过去发生的动作，对现在没有影响。换句话说对现在有影响的句子就不能用过去时表达。
例句1 表达的意思是 十年前我住在这里，但是现在我不住在这里了。
例句2 表达的意思是 我十年前就住来这里了，而且现在我还住在这里。
以上是最基本的。
现在完成时常常和since，for引导的时间状语连用。
例： I have lived there since I was a child.
I have lived there for ten years.
我觉得做为初中生 这里的够你用了。
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，three weeks ago，in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如；
I have seen the film。我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）
I saw the film last week。我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）
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