阅读文段，回答问题。 科学史的真实与不真实 　　①英国科学家牛顿被从天而降的苹果砸中，灵 科学的含义是什么

\u970d\u91d1\u987d\u5f3a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b

\u65af\u8482\u82ac.\u970d\u91d1 (1942-)

\u65af\u8482\u82ac.\u970d\u91d1\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eab\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u76db\u8a89\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u73b0\u5e7460\u5c81\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u901d\u4e16\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u5bb6\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u9053\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u4f20\u5947\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u662f\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u4e3a\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u6559\u6388\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u725b\u987f\u548c\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u7684\u5362\u5361\u900a\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u60a3\u5362\u4f3d\u96f7\u6c0f\u75c7\uff08\u808c\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u9522\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u8f6e\u6905\u4e0a\u8fbe20\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u8eab\u6b8b\u5fd7\u4e0d\u6b8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5316\u4e3a\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u6b8b\u5e9f\u4e4b\u60a3\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u7269\u7406\u754c\u7684\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53e3\u9f7f\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7b49\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u8fc8\u5165\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u201c\u51e0\u4f55\u4e4b\u821e\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e48\u65e0\u52a9\u5730\u5750\u5728\u8f6e\u6905\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5374\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u9068\u6e38\u5230\u5149\u88a4\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\uff0c\u89e3\u5f00\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u666e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u662f1988\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5929\u6587\u79d1\u666e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8c61\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u6784\u601d\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4f18\u7f8e\uff0c\u5b57\u5b57\u73e0\u7391\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba9\u4eba\u548b\u60ca\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u4e4b\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u5947\u548c\u7f8e\u5999\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u81f3\u4eca\u7d2f\u8ba1\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe2500\u4e07\u518c\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd1\u6210\u8fd1 40\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u30021992\u5e74\u8017\u8d44350\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u540c\u540d\u7535\u5f71\u95ee\u4e16\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u575a\u4fe1\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5f71\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u542c\u5a92\u4ecb\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u90a3\u6df1\u5965\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u65f6\u95f4\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u8bfb\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6709\u5173\u5b87\u5b99\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u51fa\u7248 \u5373\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u53cd\u54cd\u3002\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u559c\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u751a\u4e8e\u65b9\u7a0b\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u4f73\u4e66\u3002\u5979\u957f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u9650\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65f6\u7a7a\u672c\u8d28\u4e4b\u8c1c\u4e0d\u61c8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002

\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u7eed\u7f16\u300b \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u751f\u5e73\u4e00\u76f4\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u7eed\u7bc7\u300b\u662f\u4e3a\u60f3\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u800c\u7f16\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u4ee5\u5766\u767d\u771f\u631a\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8bbf\u8c08\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u5386\u7a0b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u540e\u9762\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6781\u4e3a\u611f\u4eba\u53c8\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eab\u53d7\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u6210\u679c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6ecb\u751f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7075\u611f\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002

\u300a\u970d\u91d1\u8bb2\u6f14\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3001\u5a74\u513f\u5b87\u5b99\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u970d\u91d11976-1992\u5e74\u95f4\u6240\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\u517113\u7bc7\u7ed3\u96c6\u800c\u6210\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u865a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6709\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002
\u300a\u65f6\u7a7a\u672c\u6027\u300b80\u5e74\u524d\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5c31\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u572870\u5e74\u524d\u4e5f\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u786e\u3001\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u4e2d\u5417\uff1f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u573a\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u970d\u91d1\u548c\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u76846\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u548c\u6700\u540e\u8fa9\u8bba\u800c\u6210\u3002

\u300a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u300b\u672c\u4e66\u4ee5\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u9884\u6d4b\u5b87\u5b99\u4eca\u540e\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u666f\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u5510\u00b7\u5e93\u6bd4\u7279\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u9886\u609f\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u9610\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u7a7f\u63d2\u89e3\u7b54\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bfb\u6765\u9976\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u3002


\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014



\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff0c1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u60a3\u201c\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u810a\u9ad3\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7\u201d\uff08\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u75be\u75c5\uff09\uff0c\u534a\u8eab\u4e0d\u9042\u3002\u4ed6\u514b\u670d\u8eab\u60a3\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e8e1965\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5188\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u51ef\u5384\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u4e4b\u59cb\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7406\u8bba\u30021969\u5e74\u8d77\u4efb\u5188\u7ef4\u5c14\u548c\u51ef\u5384\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u79d1\u5b66\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u30021972\uff0d1975\u5e74\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5929\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c1975\uff0d1977\u5e74\u4efb\u91cd\u529b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c1977\uff0d1979\u5e74\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff0c1979\u5e74\u8d77\u4efb\u5362\u5361\u65af\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c1974\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u30021974\uff0d1975\u5e74\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8d39\u5c14\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bb2\u5ea7\u529f\u52cb\u5b66\u8005\u30021978\u5e74\u83b7\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5956\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5956\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u6210\u540d\u59cb\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5728\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\u878d\u5408\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8fb9\u9645\uff0c\u8fd9\u5982\u540c\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u6709\u9650\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8fb9\u9645\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u59cb\u4e8e150\u4ebf\u5230200\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u30021988\u5e74\u83b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002

1985\u5e74\u970d\u91d1\u4e27\u5931\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u601d\u60f3\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u58f0\u97f3\u5408\u6210\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u4ec5\u80fd\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u624b\u6307\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5236\u7684\u9f20\u6807\u5668\u5728\u7535\u8111\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u9009\u62e9\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\u6765\u9020\u53e5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8111\u64ad\u653e\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u89815\u30016\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u6f14\u8bb2\u8981\u51c6\u590710\u5929\u30021988\u5e74\u5199\u6210\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u81f31995\u5e7410\u6708\u8be5\u4e66\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc72500\u4e07\u518c\uff0c\u8bd1\u6210\u51e0\u5341\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u4e5f\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u3002

\u8457\u6709\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff081973\u5e74\u4e0e\u4eba\u5408\u8457\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff1a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u767e\u5e74\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff081979\u5e74\u4e0e\u4eba\u5408\u7f16\uff09\u3001\u300a\u8d85\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u300b\uff081981\u5e74\u4e0e\u4eba\u5408\u7f16\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e4b\u59cb\u300b\uff081983\u5e74\u4e0e\u4eba\u5408\u7f16\uff09\u3001\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff081988\u5e74\uff09\u3002

1990\u5e74\u4e0e\u7ed3\u5a5a25\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7b80\u00b7\u6000\u5c14\u5fb7\u79bb\u5a5a\u30021995\u5e749\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u4f0a\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u6885\u68ee\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002


\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014



\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\uff1f\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u7b80\u5386
Ynet.com (08/15 14:16)
\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff0c\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eab\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u76db\u8a8a\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u73b0\u4e3a\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5362\u5361\u900a\u6570\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002

\u4ed6\u7528\u6bd5\u751f\u7cbe\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u666e\u901a\u7269 \u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u9886\u57df\uff09\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u9ed1\u6d1e\u80fd\u53d1\u5c04\u8f90\u5c04\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u53eb\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u548c\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u9053\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u8fbe2,500\u4e07\u4efd\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002

1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5
\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u3002

1962\u5e74
\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u642c\u5230\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u798f\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\uff081915\uff0d\uff09\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u75be\u75c5\u3002

1965\u5e74
\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u81a8\u6da8\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002


1970\u5e74
\u970d\u91d1\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u53eb\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u7684\u5c04\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u53ca\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002

1974\u5e74
\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u53d1\u51fa\u70ed\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c14\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d28\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002

1980\u5e74
\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u9c81\u5361\u65af\u6559\u6388\uff08\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\u66fe\u4efb\u6b64\u804c\uff09\u3002

1988\u5e74
\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u4e66\u3002

1996\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca
\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u201c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u73b0\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u662f\u725b\u987f\u751f\u524d\u804c\u4f4d\u3002
\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff081942\uff0d\uff09
\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u6bd5\u751f\u7cbe\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u666e\u901a\u7269 \u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u9886\u57df\uff09\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u9ed1\u6d1e\u80fd\u53d1\u5c04\u8f90\u5c04\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u53eb\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u51fa\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u672c\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u8fbe2,500\u4e07\u4efd\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002
1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5
\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u3002
1962\u5e74
\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u642c\u5230\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u798f\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\uff081915\uff0d\uff09\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u75be\u75c5\u3002
1965\u5e74
\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u81a8\u6da8\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002
1970\u5e74
\u970d\u91d1\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u53eb\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u7684\u5c04\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u53ca\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002
1974\u5e74
\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u53d1\u51fa\u70ed\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c14\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d28\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002
1980\u5e74
\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u9c81\u5361\u65af\u6559\u6388\uff08\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\u66fe\u4efb\u6b64\u804c\uff09\u3002

\u9634\u5dee\u9633\u9519 \u9009\u5bf9\u95e8\u5899
\u970d\u91d1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u4ed6\u521d\u5230\u5251\u6865\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5bfc\u5e08\u65f6\u7684\u9634\u5dee\u9633\u9519\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u672c\u6765\u60f3\u8ddf\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u6052\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u62db\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u970d\u91d1\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f6c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u963f\u9a6c\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002
\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u897f\u963f\u9a6c\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u548c\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6052\u7a33\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u6052\u7a33\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u65e0\u59cb\u65e0\u7ec8\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u6e90\u8d77\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7206\u70b8\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5404\u5927\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u5927\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u603b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002
\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u540e\u6765\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u8bf4\uff1a\u5e78\u4e8f\u4ed6\u5f53\u5e74\u6ca1\u8ddf\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f97\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u6052\u7a33\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u8fa9\u62a4


\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014



\u970d\u91d1\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5750\u7740\u8f6e\u6905\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\u3002

\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5927\u8111\u8bde\u751f\u4e86

\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u4f26\u6566\u6b63\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u72c2\u8f70\u6ee5\u70b8\u4e2d\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u970d\u91d1\u8eba\u5728\u6447\u7bee\u8f66\u4e2d\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5f02\u4e8e\u5e38\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u591a\u534a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u970d\u91d1\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u4e0e\u6210\u5c31\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5f02\u4e8e\u5e38\u4eba\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u8981\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u523b\u753b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5929\u624d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u970d\u91d1\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u53e4\u677f\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5c0f\u9547\u4e0a\u7684\u786e\u663e\u5f97\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u70ed\u5e26\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5219\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u804c\u4e1a\u3002\u5c0f\u9547\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u60ca\u5f02\u5730\u770b\u5230\u970d\u91d1\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u7740\u4e00\u8f86\u7834\u65e7\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u8f66\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8857\u9053\u5954\u5411\u90ca\u5916\u2014\u2014\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\u5e02\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u8f86\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u8f66\u5b50\u5374\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u970d\u91d1\u4e00\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5929\u5730\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4ef6\u65b0\u5947\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u603b\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u5b83\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u5f04\u4e2a\u660e\u767d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u96be\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u88c5\u56de\u539f\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u811a\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5934\u8111\u90a3\u6837\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b57\u5728\u73ed\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6f66\u8349\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u572817\u5c81\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u7269\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4ecd\u65e7\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u529f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6218\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d8\u65f6\u671f\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u538c\u5026\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u5f97\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u4e0e\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u6e38\u8361\u3001\u559d\u9152\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8d5b\u8239\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u60c5\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5eb8\u5eb8\u788c\u788c\u7684\u804c\u5458\u6216\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u75c5\u9b54\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002

\u75c5\u9b54\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86

\u4ece\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u957f\u9879\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7403\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\u3002

\u5230\u725b\u6d25\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7b28\u62d9\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u56de\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u5730\u8dcc\u5012\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6545\u4ece\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u7a81\u7136\u8dcc\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u5373\u660f\u8ff7\uff0c\u5dee\u4e00\u70b9\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002

\u76f4\u52301962\u5e74\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u5251\u6865\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u624d\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u521a\u8fc7\u5b8c21\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u786e\u8bca\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u5362\u4f3d\u96f7\u6c0f\u75c7\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u840e\u7f29\u75c7\u3002

\u5927\u592b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u542c\u4f7f\u5524\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5fc3\u810f\u3001\u80ba\u548c\u5927\u8111\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fc3\u548c\u80ba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u88ab\u201c\u5ba3\u5224\u201d\u53ea\u5269\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u57281963\u5e74\u3002

\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6076\u5316\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u662f\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d3b\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002

\u8f6e\u6905\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86

\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u6e10\u6e10\u52a0\u91cd\u30021970\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u58f0\u8a89\u65e5\u9686\u7684\u970d\u91d1\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5df1\u8d70\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u6905\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u79bb\u5f00\u5b83\u3002

\u6c38\u8fdc\u5750\u8fdb\u8f6e\u6905\u7684\u970d\u91d1\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\u3002

1991\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5750\u8f6e\u6905\u56de\u67cf\u6797\u516c\u5bd3\uff0c\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8def\u65f6\u88ab\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u649e\u5012\uff0c\u5de6\u81c2\u9aa8\u6298\uff0c\u5934\u88ab\u5212\u7834\uff0c\u7f1d\u4e8613\u9488\uff0c\u4f4648\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6295\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002

\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u53cb\u4eba\u53bb\u4e61\u95f4\u522b\u5885\uff0c\u4e0a\u5761\u65f6\u62d0\u5f2f\u8fc7\u6025\uff0c\u8f6e\u6905\u5411\u540e\u503e\u5012\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5f15\u529b\u5927\u5e08\u5374\u88ab\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u7ffb\u5012\u5728\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u4e2d\u3002

\u867d\u7136\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5374\u529b\u56fe\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6d3b\u6cfc\u597d\u52a8\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u542c\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u597d\u7b11\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u79fb\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u7528\u60df\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u624b\u6307\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u8f6e\u6905\u5728\u524d\u5f80\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u201c\u6a2a\u51b2\u76f4\u649e\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u996d\u5e97\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5927\u5bb6\u6765\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u8f6c\u52a8\u8f6e\u6905\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5947\u666f\uff1b\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e0e\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u738b\u5b50\u4f1a\u6664\u65f6\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6e\u6905\u6765\u70ab\u8000\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8f67\u5230\u4e86\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u738b\u5b50\u7684\u811a\u8dbe\u5934\u3002

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u4e5f\u5c1d\u5230\u8fc7\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0b\uff0c\u8dcc\u4e0b\u8f6e\u6905\uff0c\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u90fd\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u201c\u7ad9\u201d\u8d77\u6765\u3002

1985\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7a7f\u6c14\u7ba1\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u8270\u96be\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u7740\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u53d6\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u7231\u60c5\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u7b80\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u5c3d\u5934\u3002

\u6765\u81ea\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u9ed1

\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u89c2\u6d4b\u5929\u6587\u4ece\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u6b21\u7528\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u89c2\u6d4b\u8fc7\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9760\u76f4\u89c9\u3002

\u201c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u9ed1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f1f\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u5c31\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ea\u5ff5\u3002\u57281970\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u591c\u665a\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u6162\u6162\u722c\u4e0a\u5e8a\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u7a81\u7136\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9ed1\u3002

\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ea\u5ff5\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc73\u5e74\u7684\u601d\u8003\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u30021973\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8f90\u5c04\u51faX\u5149\u3001\u4f3d\u9a6c\u5c04\u7ebf\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u201c\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u53ea\u541e\u4e0d\u5410\u3002

\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u5947\u70b9\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8f90\u5c04\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u83b7\u5f971988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002

\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u4e4b\u738b\uff1a\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b

\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u300b\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9500\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u9ad8\u8fbe2500\u4e07\u518c\uff0c\u4ece1988\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u96c4\u8e1e\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u699c\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u529b\u56fe\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bb2\u89e3\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u9ed1\u6d1e\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u65c5\u884c\u7b49\u3002

\u5728\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u4f7f\u9500\u91cf\u51cf\u534a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5199\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e66\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5199\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8457\u540d\u65b9\u7a0bE=mc2\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e0d\u81f4\u5413\u8dd1\u4e00\u534a\u6211\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u591a\u8651\u4e86\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u63881942\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25.\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u5bb6\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u548c\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u9053\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u51cf\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c06\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u71b5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u8651\u9ed1\u6d1e\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4f1a\u50cf\u9ed1\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u53d1\u51fa\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u5176\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8d28\u91cf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f90\u5c04\u800c\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5374\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u677f\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002

1974\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u5411\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u8bba\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5df2\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u666e\u90ce\u514b\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0810-33\u5398\u7c73\uff09\u4e0b\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u5766\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce1\u6cab\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7eaf\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u4ece\u7ecf\u5178\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002

1980\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u8f6c\u5411\u91cf\u5b50\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u548c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5947\u70b9\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u6027\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u56e0\u8f90\u5c04\u800c\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u5947\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f46\u88ab\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u6240\u62b9\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u6b63\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u4f20\u5947\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u5728\u4ed620\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u88ab\u5362\u4f3d\u96f7\u75c5\u7981\u9522\u5728\u8f6e\u6905\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5a92\u4ecb\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5168\u8eab\u762b\u75ea\u4f5c\u640f\u6597\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e8e1979\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u89c1\u5230\u4ed6\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u5386\u5386\u5728\u76ee\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53c2\u52a0\u5251\u6865\u970d\u91d1\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u73ed\u65f6\uff0c\u95e8\u6253\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u8111\u540e\u54cd\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u7535\u5668\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u56de\u5934\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9aa8\u7626\u5982\u67f4\u7684\u4eba\u659c\u8eba\u5728\u7535\u52a8\u8f6e\u6905\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u7535\u5f00\u5173\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u793c\u8c8c\u800c\u4e0d\u663e\u51fa\u8fc7\u5206\u5403\u60ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9996\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u6b8b\u5e9f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5403\u60ca\u65e9\u5df2\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u7528\u5f88\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u4e3e\u8d77\u5934\u6765\u3002\u5728\u5931\u58f0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u966a\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u6653\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u5b57\uff0c\u770b\u4e66\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7ffb\u4e66\u9875\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u4eba\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u644a\u5e73\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u5927\u529e\u516c\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u9a71\u52a8\u8f6e\u6905\u5982\u8695\u5403\u6851\u53f6\u822c\u5730\u9010\u9875\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5c45\u7136\u6709\u4ee5\u8fd9\u822c\u575a\u5f3a\u610f\u5fd7\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ec8\u6781\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4ece\u5185\u5fc3\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u656c\u610f\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u9a71\u52a8\u8f6e\u6905\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u5251\u6865\u897f\u8def5\u53f7\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5251\u6cb3\u3001\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\u9a76\u5230\u94f6\u8857\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8f6e\u6905\u884c\u8d70\u4fbf\u5229\u7279\u5730\u4fee\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u659c\u5761\u3002

\u5728\u5bcc\u6709\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u76ee\u524d\u62c5\u4efb\u7740\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u4e3a\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u6559\u6388\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u725b\u987f\u548c\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u7684\u5362\u5361\u900a\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002
\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u63881942\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684300\u5e74\u5fcc\u65e5\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u7b49\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021963\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7f29\u75c7\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u624b\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u30021965\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021974\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u9ed1\u6d1e\u662f\u6709\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u970d\u91d1\u6240\u6307\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u30021975\u20141976\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u83b7\u5f976\u9879\u5927\u5956\u4e2d\u6709\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u57c3\u4e01\u987f\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u6559\u7687\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5956\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e39\u5c3c\u6b27\u6d77\u6d85\u66fc\u5956\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5956\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u4f11\u65af\u52cb\u7ae0\u30021978\u5e74\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u754c\u6700\u6709\u5a01\u671b\u7684\u5927\u5956\u2014\u2014\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5956\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u3001\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u6240\u4efb\u7684\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5362\u5361\u900a\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u60ca\u4e16\u4e4b\u8457\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\uff1a\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u300b\uff08A Brief History of Time\uff1afrom the Big Bang to Black Holes\uff09\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u89e3\u7b54\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u88ab\u8bd1\u621040\u4f59\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e861000\u4f59\u4e07\u518c\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u8bb2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8a89\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u904d\u5e03\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\u30022000\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u5bab\u505a\u4e86\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u591c\uff08Millenium Evenings\uff09\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u5207\u4f1a\u89c1\u4ed6\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u795d\u8d3a\u30022001\u5e7410\u6708\u53c8\u4e00\u90e8\u529b\u4f5c\u300a\u679c\u58f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u300b\uff08The Universe in a Nutshell\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u662f\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u7bc7\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002

\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u7cfb\u5217\u5267\u201c\u661f\u8230\u5947\u822a\u8bb0\u201d\u4e2d\u9970\u6f14\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u53ca\u725b\u987f\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u6865\u724c\u3002

\u65af\u8482\u82ac•\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388(Stephen Hawking)\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599
\u0001 \u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8a89\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7edf\u4e0020\u4e16\u7eaa\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u30021989\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u7235\u58eb\u8363\u8a89\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u5b66\u5458\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002

\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u63881942\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684300\u5e74\u5fcc\u65e5\u30021963\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7f29\u75c7\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u30021965\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021974\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u2014\u9ed1\u6d1e\u662f\u6709\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u970d\u91d1\u6240\u6307\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u970d\u91d1\u8f90\u5c04\uff09\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u30021975\u20141976\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u83b7\u5f976\u9879\u5927\u5956\u4e2d\u6709\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u57c3\u4e01\u987f\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u6559\u7687\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5956\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e39\u5c3c\u6b27\u6d77\u6d85\u66fc\u5956\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5956\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u4f11\u65af\u52cb\u7ae0\u30021978\u5e74\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u754c\u6700\u6709\u5a01\u671b\u7684\u5927\u5956\u2014\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5956\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u3001\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u6240\u4efb\u7684\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5362\u5361\u900a\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u60ca\u4e16\u4e4b\u8457\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\uff1a\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u300b\uff08A Brief History of Time\uff1afrom the Big Bang to Black Holes\uff09\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u89e3\u7b54\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u88ab\u8bd1\u621040\u4f59\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e861000\u4f59\u4e07\u518c\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u8bb2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8a89\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u904d\u5e03\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\u30022000\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u5bab\u505a\u4e86\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u591c\uff08Millenium Evenings\uff09\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u5207\u4f1a\u89c1\u4ed6\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u795d\u8d3a\u30022001\u5e7410\u6708\u53c8\u4e00\u90e8\u529b\u4f5c\u300aThe Universe in a Nutshell\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u662f\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u7bc7\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002
\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u65bc1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff08\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u901d\u4e16300\u5e74\u5fcc\u65e5\uff09\u751f\u65bc\u82f1\u683c\u5170 \u725b\u6d25\u3002\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u539f\u4f4f\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u88ab\u8ba4?\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f \u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u8f83\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u516b\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bb6\u642c\u5230\u5723\u00b7\u7231\u5c14\u672c\u65af\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5317\u976220\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u4e00 \u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u5230\u5723\u00b7\u7231\u5c14\u672c\u65af\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0a\u725b\u6d25\u7684"\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662 "\uff08University College)--\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u4e0a\u8fc7\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b66\u533b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6 \u5374\u60f3\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u800c\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6ca1\u5f00\u6570\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e86 \u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u6ca1\u82b1\u591a\u5927\u5de5\u592b\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7532\u7b49\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u5230\u5eb7\u6865\u505a\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7814 \u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u662f\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u897f\u9a6c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u4f9d\u5c14\u505a\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\uff0c\u5f17 \u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u4f9d\u5c14\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u5eb7\u6865\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u521a\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u585e\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u5148\u662f \u505a\u52a9\u7814\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4fbf\u505a\u804c\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021973\u5e74\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u79bb\u5f00\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u6765\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7406 \u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u3002\u81ea1979\u5e74\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u505a"\u8def\u514b\u65af"\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u662f1663\u5e74\u6839\u636e\u83b1 \u4f5b\u4ec1\u5fb7\u00b7\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u8def\u514b\u65af\u7684\u9057\u5631\u4ee5\u8def\u514b\u65af\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u94b1\u4f5c?\u57fa\u91d1\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u8def\u514b\u65af\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f \u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97"\u8def\u514b\u65af"\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u4f9d\u624e\u514b\u00b7\u5df4\u7f57\uff0c \u7136\u540e\u662f\u4f9d\u624e\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\u3002 \u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0e\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6 \u53d1\u73b0\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5947\u70b9\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u800c\u81f3\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7ed3 \u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u628a\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d \u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\u662f\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b8c \u5168\u9ed1\u7684\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5411\u5916\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u84b8\u53d1\uff0c\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u6d4b\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88cf\u6ca1 \u6709\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b87\u5b99\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e0eG.F.R.\u827e\u5229\u65af\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u4e0eW.\u4ee5\u8272 \u5217\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff1a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e16\u7eaa\u773a\u671b\u300b\u548c\u4e0eW.\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u91cd\u529b300\u5e74\u300b \u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u6709\u4e24\u90e8\u7545\u9500\u4e66\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u7545\u9500\u4e66--\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u300a\u9ed1 \u6d1e\u3001\u5a74\u513f\u5b87\u5b99\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u300b\u3002 \u970d\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021982\u5e74\u4ed6\u88ab\u6388\u4e88CBE\uff0c1989\u5e74\u83b7\u8363\u8a89\u5925\u4f34\u79f0\u53f7\u3002 \u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u5956\u724c\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002 \u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u7ee7\u7eed\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u4ed6\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u5973\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b59\u5b50\u5973\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba \u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u6f14\u8bb2\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002

\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u597d\u4ee5\u7b80\u77ed\u6587\u5b57\u52a0\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6db5\u76d6\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff1a
1\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u81ea\u7136\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4f5c\u7528\u7531\u5145\u5206\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5957\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002
2\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5047\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\u7cfb\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u3002
3\u3001\u68c0\u8bc1\uff1a\u501f\u6b64\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6548\u5ea6\u3002

\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u79d1\u5b66\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u9a8c\u63a2\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u679c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\uff1b\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u5219\u517c\u6709\u63a2\u7a76\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5173\u6ce8\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5982\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u5b66\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u3001\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3002
\u6309\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7eaf\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd0\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u539f\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5e26\u6765\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u539f\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u519c\u5b66\u548c\u6797\u5b66\u3002
\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6280\u672f\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5927\u4f17\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u66fe3\u6b21\u672a\u8bc4\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7406\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5e38\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u3002
\u5927\u4f17\u5173\u4e8e\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u53d8\u52a8\u3002
\u5982\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u5360\u661f\u5b66\u662f\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\uff1b\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4ee5\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53d1\u5c04\u5b87\u5b99\u536b\u661f\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u53ef\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u7535\u53f0\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e0e\u624b\u673a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\uff1b\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u661f\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u592a\u7a7a\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002

1．今天还科学史的真实也是非常有意义的。 2．指不影响科学发现的真实性、可重复性和验证性（不会影响本质上的事实和发现）。 3．这句话运用事实论据证明了科学存在着另一种造假（历史上这样的造假太多，数不胜数，，但大多以身败名裂告终）。 4．示例一：我同意丁肇中的观点。①因为科学的任何东西都不应当有一丝的造假和疑点，做任何事情，我们都要保留一个怀疑求真的态度。②牛顿的故事神话了灵感的产生，而科学成就的获得必须以持之以恒的刻苦钻研为基础。 　  示例二：我同意摩尔的观点。①因为这只是皮毛和局部的不真实，这样的“造假”不会影响本质上的事实和发现。②牛顿的故事强调了科学发现中灵机一动的极大魅力，使得科学家的形象更加光彩照人，激发了人们对科学的兴趣。 　  示例三：我同意两人的观点。①丁肇中是从科学研究的态度出发，提出了求真、务实的要求，我们要靠实践来发现事物的真相。②而摩尔则是从逸闻趣事的角度出发，认为此类故事增添了科学的神奇，突出了灵机一动在科学发现中的极大魅力，使得科学家的形象更加光彩照人。

扩展阅读：阅读题大全 ... 一年级阅读回答问题 ... 阅读理解24个公式 ... 阅读题答题模板大全 ... 阅读真题全部答案 ... 阅读短文 回答问题 ... 阅读理解100篇及答案 ... 阅读理解题最佳方法 ... 阅读答题答案大全 ...