中国历史简介英文版 中国历史朝代简介（英文版）
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The history of China is nearly 4100 years from the Xia Dynasty and 2241 years from the Qin Dynasty, the first unified dynasty in China.
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In prehistoric times, Youchao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong (Yandi) and Huangdi (Xuanyuan) were regarded as the ancestors of Chinese culture. In 2070 BC, Xia Dynasty appeared; in Shang Dynasty, oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest mature writing in China,
appeared; in Western Zhou Dynasty, society developed further, productivity increased in spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and a hundred schools of thought contend.
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In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang established the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history Qin Dynasty; the western and Eastern Han Dynasties further consolidated and developed the situation of great unification, and the Chinese characters were basically shaped.
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the southern and Northern Dynasties, China entered a situation of separatist regime.
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During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, economic prosperity, scientific and Technological Development and cultural influence were widespread. During the Wuzhou period, the international status reached its peak because of the construction of "the great Zhou Wanguo praises the virtue of Tianshu".
In the period of Liao, song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, multi-cultural integration, economy, science and technology developed to a new height. In the Ming Dynasty, the economy developed, and "capitalist sprouts" appeared in Jiangnan area in the late Ming Dynasty; in the early Qing Dynasty, China's territory today was established.
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1\u3001Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.
The ancestors of the Qin Dynasty were descendants of Huangdi's Sun Juan-xuan, and Shun gave him his surname. In the time of Emperor Qin Mugong, Ren Xian was an envoy.
he was modest in admonishing, he destroyed the country twelve times, opened the ground thousands of miles, and his national strength was growing. In the first 361 years,.
the Emperor Xiaogong of Qin succeeded to the throne and made use of Shang Yang's two reforms, which made the economy of the Qin State develop.
and the army's fighting capacity continue to strengthen and become the richest and strongest vassal state in the later Warring States Period.
The Qin government successively destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and accomplished the great cause of reunification. In 221 years ago.
the government of Qin Kingdom was called emperor, and the history of Qin Shihuang was called emperor.
The Qin Dynasty set up three princes and Nine Emperors in the central government to manage state affairs; abolished the feudal system at the local level.
replaced by the county system; and implemented the system of books and articles, cars and rails, and unified weights and measures.
To attack the Huns in the north and Hundreds of Vietnamese in the south, to build the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, and to dig Lingqu to open up the water system.
The establishment of centralized power system has laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2000 years and laid the foundation for the rule of the Great Unity Dynasty in China.
Therefore, it is called "the Qin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are the capital of the hundred dynasties".
The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in Chinese history.
It has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese history. In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province).
His son Hu Hai ascended the throne and was the second Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty had great influence in history, it abused the people's power and unified only for more than ten years.
In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chopped wood as soldiers and rose to the top. The world responded.
Liu Bang and Xiang Yu jointly fought against the Qin Dynasty in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the first 207 years, Qin died.
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1\u3001Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.
After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was crowned King of the Han Dynasty. In 202 B.C., after the victory of the Chu-Han struggle, the emperor established the Han Dynasty.
historically known as the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an. Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty carried out the national policy of recuperation.
health and rest to create the rule of Wen Jing; Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty opened up silk road and exploited land to achieve the "prosperity of Han Wu" after taking office.
and the national strength reached its peak in the period of Emperor Xuandi of HanDynasty.
In 8 AD, Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an was known as the New Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty perished.
In 25 AD, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still used the Han Dynasty as the national name and was historically called the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" after unification of the world.
Emperor Hanming and Emperor Hanzhang followed the light and humble Fu to create "Mingzhang Zhi".
Emperor Hanhe broke through the Northern Huns and recovered the Western Regions after succession to the throne, creating "Yongyuan Long", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.
The Yellow Towel Uprising broke out in 184 A.D., but the suppression of civil unrest led to local self-respect.
After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the name of the Eastern Han Dynasty survived. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.
After Liu Bei established Shuhan to continue the Han Dynasty, China entered the Three Kingdoms Period.
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1\u3001Jin Dynasty
Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in Chinese history, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties.
There were fifteen emperors in the two Jin Dynasties, for a total of one hundred and fifty-five years.
Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty in 266 AD. His name was Jin and his capital was Luoyang.
He was historically called the Western Jin Dynasty. In 280 AD, he destroyed Wu and achieved unification.
After the Eight Kings'Rebellion and Yongjia's disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 316, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians.
and the North was in chaos. Historically, it was called the "Five Hu Hua". In 317, Jinshi went south, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye.
and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many Northern Expeditions. It was temporarily consolidated after the battle between Eastern Jin Dynasty and Fengshui Pre-Qin Dynasty in 383.
During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, moved from the north to the south.
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1\u3001Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.
In February 581, the Jingdi Chan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gave way to Yang Jian, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty collapsed. Yang Jian's national name is "Sui Dynasty".
Dingdu Daxing City (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 589, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed in the South and China was unified.
ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty assumed the throne.
Yuwenkai was ordered to build Tokyo and move the capital of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the same year.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, people's livelihood was prosperous, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was clear and bright.
which created a prosperous situation of the rule of emperor. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built through the north and the south.
However, because of the excessive consumption of national power, it led to the people's revolt and noble rebellion in the late Sui Dynasty.
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1\u3001Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Tang Emperor, set up the Tang Dynasty in Jinyang. The next year, he called the Emperor Chang'an.
Tang Taizong initiated Zhenguan Zhi after he succeeded to the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.
In 690, Wu Zetian, with the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang as the capital of Dingdu, was known as Wuzhou in history.
He created a situation of "inheriting Zhengguan from the past and opening up Yuan from the next", which laid a foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In 705, after the Shenlong Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong inaugurated the flourishing era of Wanbang's coming to dynasty.
Tianbaomei has a population of about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, Fanzhen's separatist regime and eunuch's autocratic power led to the decline of national power.
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This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Originally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.
Xuanzang started off from Chang'an (the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.
First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.
As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend. According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo. One day, they couldn't find meat to buy. Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: 'Today we have no meat. I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some.' At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground. All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious. They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat. Hence it got the name 'Big Wild Goose Pagoda'.
Da Ci'en Temple
Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named 'Ci'en' (Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters (38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.
Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.
Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons (14.76 gross tons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon. A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.
North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters (23920.6 square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area. In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex.
The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths. There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views. With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long (656-foot-long) sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
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绛旓細涓浗鍘嗗彶鐨鑻辨枃鏄疌hinese History銆傚弻璇緥鍙 1銆乀his is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.杩欐槸涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婁簶鍙ゆ湭鏈夌殑濂囩哗銆2銆丩i Shizhenwas one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history.鏉庢椂鐝嶆槸涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婃渶钁楀悕鐨勫尰鐢熶箣涓銆3銆乀he Qin Dynasty was the first ...
绛旓細鐚村瓙鎹炴湀浜 One day,a little monkey is playing by the well.涓澶╋紝鏈夊彧灏忕尨瀛愬湪浜曡竟鐜╁効銆侶e looks in the well and shouts :瀹冨線浜曢噷涓鐬э紝楂樺枈閬擄細鈥淥h!My god!The moon has fallen into the well!鈥濃滃櫌锛佹垜鐨勫ぉ锛佹湀浜帀鍒颁簳閲屽ご鍟︼紒鈥滱n older monkeys runs over, takes a look,...
绛旓細鏈変竴浜涘浗澶栫殑缃戠珯涓婃湁鐨勶紝鎵惧埌涓涓笉鐭ラ亾浣犺兘鐪嬪埌涓嶃俢opy涓涓繃鏉ワ紝鏈夊叴瓒ｄ綘鍙互鑷繁鐐硅繘鍘荤湅鐪嬨傛剼鍏Щ灞 Old Man Yu Moves the Mountains Once upon a time, there were two mountains that stood right beside each other. The first was name, 鎻焌i-Ying?and the second was named, 鎻llow ...
