从物理学史角度分析动量为什么以p=mv的形式来表达 高中物理学史 有的给发一个
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3.\u4e2d\u95f4\u65f6\u523b\u901f\u5ea6Vt/2\uff1dV\u5e73\uff1d(Vt+Vo)/2 4.\u672b\u901f\u5ea6Vt\uff1dVo+at
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9.\u4e3b\u8981\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u53ca\u5355\u4f4d:\u521d\u901f\u5ea6(Vo):m/s\uff1b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6(a):m/s2\uff1b\u672b\u901f\u5ea6(Vt):m/s\uff1b\u65f6\u95f4(t)\u79d2(s)\uff1b\u4f4d\u79fb(s):\u7c73\uff08m\uff09\uff1b\u8def\u7a0b:\u7c73\uff1b\u901f\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d\u6362\u7b97\uff1a1m/s=3.6km/h\u3002
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(1)\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u77e2\u91cf;
(2)\u7269\u4f53\u901f\u5ea6\u5927,\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927;
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(1)\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5904\u7406:\u662f\u5300\u51cf\u901f\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u53d6\u8d1f\u503c\uff1b
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6.\u5408\u901f\u5ea6Vt\uff1d(Vx2+Vy2)1/2\uff1d[Vo2+(gt)2]1/2
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8.\u5b89\u57f9\u529bF\uff1dBILsin\u03b8 \uff08\u03b8\u4e3aB\u4e0eL\u7684\u5939\u89d2\uff0c\u5f53L\u22a5B\u65f6:F\uff1dBIL\uff0cB//L\u65f6:F\uff1d0\uff09
9.\u6d1b\u4ed1\u5179\u529bf\uff1dqVBsin\u03b8 \uff08\u03b8\u4e3aB\u4e0eV\u7684\u5939\u89d2\uff0c\u5f53V\u22a5B\u65f6\uff1af\uff1dqVB\uff0cV//B\u65f6:f\uff1d0\uff09
\u6ce8:
(1)\u52b2\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570k\u7531\u5f39\u7c27\u81ea\u8eab\u51b3\u5b9a;
(2)\u6469\u64e6\u56e0\u6570\u03bc\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\u53ca\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u79ef\u5927\u5c0f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u7531\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u51b3\u5b9a;
(3)fm\u7565\u5927\u4e8e\u03bcFN\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u4e3afm\u2248\u03bcFN;
(4)\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u9759\u6469\u64e6\u529b\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u65b9\u5411\uff09\u3014\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e00\u518cP8\u3015\uff1b
(5)\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u7b26\u53f7\u53ca\u5355\u4f4dB\uff1a\u78c1\u611f\u5f3a\u5ea6(T)\uff0cL\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6(m)\uff0cI:\u7535\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6(A)\uff0cV\uff1a\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\u901f\u5ea6(m/s),q:\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\uff09\u7535\u91cf(C);
(6)\u5b89\u57f9\u529b\u4e0e\u6d1b\u4ed1\u5179\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u5747\u7528\u5de6\u624b\u5b9a\u5219\u5224\u5b9a\u3002
2\uff09\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u5206\u89e3
1.\u540c\u4e00\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6210\u540c\u5411:F\uff1dF1+F2\uff0c \u53cd\u5411\uff1aF\uff1dF1-F2 (F1>F2)
2.\u4e92\u6210\u89d2\u5ea6\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff1a
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3.\u5408\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\uff1a|F1-F2|\u2264F\u2264|F1+F2|
4.\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u5206\u89e3\uff1aFx\uff1dFcos\u03b2\uff0cFy\uff1dFsin\u03b2\uff08\u03b2\u4e3a\u5408\u529b\u4e0ex\u8f74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5939\u89d2tg\u03b2\uff1dFy/Fx\uff09
\u6ce8\uff1a
(1)\u529b(\u77e2\u91cf)\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u5206\u89e3\u9075\u5faa\u5e73\u884c\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u5b9a\u5219;
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(3)\u9664\u516c\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u56fe\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3,\u6b64\u65f6\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u6807\u5ea6,\u4e25\u683c\u4f5c\u56fe;
(4)F1\u4e0eF2\u7684\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6,F1\u4e0eF2\u7684\u5939\u89d2(\u03b1\u89d2)\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5408\u529b\u8d8a\u5c0f;
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1.\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b(\u60ef\u6027\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\uff1a\u7269\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u60ef\u6027\uff0c\u603b\u4fdd\u6301\u5300\u901f\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001,\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u5916\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6b62
2.\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1aF\u5408\uff1dma\u6216a\uff1dF\u5408/ma{\u7531\u5408\u5916\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a,\u4e0e\u5408\u5916\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u4e00\u81f4}
3.\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1aF\uff1d-F´{\u8d1f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd,F\u3001F´\u5404\u81ea\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u529b\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u53cd\u51b2\u8fd0\u52a8}
4.\u5171\u70b9\u529b\u7684\u5e73\u8861F\u5408\uff1d0\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f \uff5b\u6b63\u4ea4\u5206\u89e3\u6cd5\u3001\u4e09\u529b\u6c47\u4ea4\u539f\u7406\uff5d
5.\u8d85\u91cd\uff1aFN>G\uff0c\u5931\u91cd\uff1aFN<G {\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u5747\u5931\u91cd\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u5747\u8d85\u91cd}
6.\u725b\u987f\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f4e\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u901f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u3014\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e00\u518cP67\u3015
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1.\u7b80\u8c10\u632f\u52a8F\uff1d-kx {F:\u56de\u590d\u529b\uff0ck:\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cx:\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u8d1f\u53f7\u8868\u793aF\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0ex\u59cb\u7ec8\u53cd\u5411}
2.\u5355\u6446\u5468\u671fT\uff1d2\u03c0(l/g)1/2 \uff5bl:\u6446\u957f(m)\uff0cg:\u5f53\u5730\u91cd\u529b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6:\u6446\u89d2\u03b8>r\uff5d
3.\u53d7\u8feb\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u7279\u70b9\uff1af\uff1df\u9a71\u52a8\u529b
4.\u53d1\u751f\u5171\u632f\u6761\u4ef6:f\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff1df\u56fa\uff0cA\uff1dmax\uff0c\u5171\u632f\u7684\u9632\u6b62\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3014\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e00\u518cP175\u3015
5.\u673a\u68b0\u6ce2\u3001\u6a2a\u6ce2\u3001\u7eb5\u6ce2\u3014\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518cP2\u3015
6.\u6ce2\u901fv\uff1ds/t\uff1d\u03bbf\uff1d\u03bb/T{\u6ce2\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u5411\u524d\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce2\u957f\uff1b\u6ce2\u901f\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u4ecb\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a}
7.\u58f0\u6ce2\u7684\u6ce2\u901f(\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\uff090\u2103\uff1a332m/s\uff1b20\u2103:344m/s\uff1b30\u2103:349m/s\uff1b(\u58f0\u6ce2\u662f\u7eb5\u6ce2)
8.\u6ce2\u53d1\u751f\u660e\u663e\u884d\u5c04\uff08\u6ce2\u7ed5\u8fc7\u969c\u788d\u7269\u6216\u5b54\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u64ad\uff09\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u969c\u788d\u7269\u6216\u5b54\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6bd4\u6ce2\u957f\u5c0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927
9.\u6ce2\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e24\u5217\u6ce2\u9891\u7387\u76f8\u540c(\u76f8\u5dee\u6052\u5b9a\u3001\u632f\u5e45\u76f8\u8fd1\u3001\u632f\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c)
10.\u591a\u666e\u52d2\u6548\u5e94:\u7531\u4e8e\u6ce2\u6e90\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6ce2\u6e90\u53d1\u5c04\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u9891\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff5b\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u9891\u7387\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u3014\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518cP21\u3015\uff5d
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1.\u52a8\u91cf\uff1ap\uff1dmv \uff5bp:\u52a8\u91cf(kg/s)\uff0cm:\u8d28\u91cf(kg)\uff0cv:\u901f\u5ea6(m/s)\uff0c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u901f\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\uff5d
3.\u51b2\u91cf\uff1aI\uff1dFt \uff5bI:\u51b2\u91cf(N•s)\uff0cF:\u6052\u529b(N)\uff0ct:\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\u95f4(s)\uff0c\u65b9\u5411\u7531F\u51b3\u5b9a\uff5d
4.\u52a8\u91cf\u5b9a\u7406\uff1aI\uff1d\u0394p\u6216Ft\uff1dmvt\u2013mvo {\u0394p:\u52a8\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u0394p\uff1dmvt\u2013mvo\uff0c\u662f\u77e2\u91cf\u5f0f}
5.\u52a8\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1ap\u524d\u603b\uff1dp\u540e\u603b\u6216p\uff1dp\u2019´\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fm1v1+m2v2\uff1dm1v1´+m2v2´
6.\u5f39\u6027\u78b0\u649e\uff1a\u0394p\uff1d0\uff1b\u0394Ek\uff1d0 {\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u91cf\u548c\u52a8\u80fd\u5747\u5b88\u6052}
7.\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u78b0\u649e\u0394p\uff1d0\uff1b0<\u0394EK<\u0394EKm {\u0394EK\uff1a\u635f\u5931\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\uff0cEKm\uff1a\u635f\u5931\u7684\u6700\u5927\u52a8\u80fd}
8.\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u78b0\u649e\u0394p\uff1d0\uff1b\u0394EK\uff1d\u0394EKm {\u78b0\u540e\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u4f53}
9.\u7269\u4f53m1\u4ee5v1\u521d\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u7269\u4f53m2\u53d1\u751f\u5f39\u6027\u6b63\u78b0:
v1´\uff1d(m1-m2)v1/(m1+m2) v2´\uff1d2m1v1/(m1+m2)
10.\u75319\u5f97\u7684\u63a8\u8bba-----\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u5f39\u6027\u6b63\u78b0\u65f6\u4e8c\u8005\u4ea4\u6362\u901f\u5ea6(\u52a8\u80fd\u5b88\u6052\u3001\u52a8\u91cf\u5b88\u6052)
11.\u5b50\u5f39m\u6c34\u5e73\u901f\u5ea6vo\u5c04\u5165\u9759\u6b62\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6c34\u5e73\u5149\u6ed1\u5730\u9762\u7684\u957f\u6728\u5757M\uff0c\u5e76\u5d4c\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u635f\u5931
E\u635f=mvo2/2-(M+m)vt2/2\uff1dfs\u76f8\u5bf9 {vt:\u5171\u540c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0cf:\u963b\u529b\uff0cs\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b50\u5f39\u76f8\u5bf9\u957f\u6728\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u79fb}
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(1)\u6b63\u78b0\u53c8\u53eb\u5bf9\u5fc3\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u4e0a;
(2)\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u9664\u52a8\u80fd\u5916\u5747\u4e3a\u77e2\u91cf\u8fd0\u7b97,\u5728\u4e00\u7ef4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u53d6\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u5316\u4e3a\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97;
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5.\u5300\u5f3a\u7535\u573a\u7684\u573a\u5f3aE\uff1dUAB/d \uff5bUAB:AB\u4e24\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b(V)\uff0cd:AB\u4e24\u70b9\u5728\u573a\u5f3a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb(m)\uff5d
6.\u7535\u573a\u529b\uff1aF\uff1dqE \uff5bF:\u7535\u573a\u529b(N)\uff0cq:\u53d7\u5230\u7535\u573a\u529b\u7684\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7535\u91cf(C)\uff0cE:\u7535\u573a\u5f3a\u5ea6(N/C)\uff5d
7.\u7535\u52bf\u4e0e\u7535\u52bf\u5dee\uff1aUAB\uff1d\u03c6A-\u03c6B\uff0cUAB\uff1dWAB/q\uff1d-\u0394EAB/q
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9.\u7535\u52bf\u80fd\uff1aEA\uff1dq\u03c6A \uff5bEA:\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\u5728A\u70b9\u7684\u7535\u52bf\u80fd(J)\uff0cq:\u7535\u91cf(C)\uff0c\u03c6A:A\u70b9\u7684\u7535\u52bf(V)\uff5d
10.\u7535\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u0394EAB\uff1dEB-EA \uff5b\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u4eceA\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5230B\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\u7535\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u5dee\u503c\uff5d
11.\u7535\u573a\u529b\u505a\u529f\u4e0e\u7535\u52bf\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u0394EAB\uff1d-WAB\uff1d-qUAB (\u7535\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7535\u573a\u529b\u505a\u529f\u7684\u8d1f\u503c)
12.\u7535\u5bb9C\uff1dQ/U(\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f0f,\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f0f) \uff5bC:\u7535\u5bb9(F)\uff0cQ:\u7535\u91cf(C)\uff0cU:\u7535\u538b(\u4e24\u6781\u677f\u7535\u52bf\u5dee)(V)\uff5d
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14.\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u901f(Vo\uff1d0)\uff1aW\uff1d\u0394EK\u6216qU\uff1dmVt2/2\uff0cVt\uff1d(2qU/m)1/2
15.\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\u6cbf\u5782\u76f4\u7535\u573a\u65b9\u5411\u4ee5\u901f\u5ea6Vo\u8fdb\u5165\u5300\u5f3a\u7535\u573a\u65f6\u7684\u504f\u8f6c(\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u91cd\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b)
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\u53d1\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e86\u3002\u90ae\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2_starlviola
【摘要】：正 笔者在高中物理教学过程中教"动量和冲量"时,有一位学生问到这么一个问题:为什么要引入动量这个物理量?动量为什么是p=mv?可不可以是P=(mv)~2、p=(mv)~3?等等。这是一个很有思想的学生,而且这个问题也很有意思,但要讲清楚却不是一件容易的事。为什么要引入动量这个物理量?教师可能会引用教科书中对动量的引入的话来回答学生:前面学习了牛顿运动定律,但是对碰撞、打击一些变力问题在高中阶段有困难,所以物理学家引入动量的概念,为解决这一类问题开辟一条新途径。好像动量的引入是为了解决这类问题而引入的,但从物理学史角度看"动量"这个物理量的引入的真正意思当然不是仅仅为了解决这类问题。也有可能会用这句话回答:动量是描述运动物体的运动状态的,但是绛旓細鏁欏笀鍙兘浼氬紩鐢ㄦ暀绉戜功涓鍔ㄩ噺鐨勫紩鍏ョ殑璇濇潵鍥炵瓟瀛︾敓:鍓嶉潰瀛︿範浜嗙墰椤胯繍鍔ㄥ畾寰,浣嗘槸瀵圭鎾炪佹墦鍑讳竴浜涘彉鍔涢棶棰樺湪楂樹腑闃舵鏈夊洶闅,鎵浠ョ墿鐞嗗瀹跺紩鍏ュ姩閲忕殑姒傚康,涓鸿В鍐宠繖涓绫婚棶棰樺紑杈熶竴鏉℃柊閫斿緞銆傚ソ鍍忓姩閲忕殑寮曞叆鏄负浜嗚В鍐宠繖绫婚棶棰樿屽紩鍏ョ殑,浣浠庣墿鐞嗗鍙茶搴鐪"鍔ㄩ噺"杩欎釜鐗╃悊閲忕殑寮曞叆鐨勭湡姝ｆ剰鎬濆綋鐒朵笉鏄粎浠呬负浜...
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