求化学英文论文（高分） 高分求一篇化学纤维相关的英文论文，最好有中文翻译对照
\u9ad8\u5206\uff1a\u6c42\u5173\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u76843000\u82f1\u6587\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1f\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242
\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011 \u76ee\u7684 \u5efa\u7acb\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5 \u91c7\u7528\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u6d82\u6e0dPEG�20M\u7684\u586b\u5145\u67f1,N2\u4e3a\u8f7d\u6c14\uff0c\u67f1\u6e29100 \u2103\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u4e01\u9187\u4e3a\u5185\u6807\u7269\uff0cFID\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c \u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u522b\u5728\u8fdb\u6837\u91cf0.500\uff5e2.000 \u03bcg\u30010.041\uff5e0.164 \u03bcg\u548c0.088\uff5e0.352 \u03bcg\u8303\u56f4\u5185, \u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u6eb6\u5242\u5cf0/\u5185\u6807\u5cf0\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u6bd4\u503c\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u826f\u597d(r\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.9997\u30010.9994\u548c0.9999), \u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u56de\u6536\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3a101.0%\u300197.7%\u548c100.4%\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u6837\u5cf0\u9762\u79efRSD\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.31%\u30011.28%\u548c0.73%\uff08n=5\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba \u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e13\u5c5e\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u7b80\u4fbf\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u3002
\u3010\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3011 \u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5 \u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa \u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242 \u4e19\u916e \u4e59\u8148 \u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa
Abstract:Objective To establish a method for content determination of the residual solvents in cefpiramide. Methods The analysis was performed on a column coated by PEG�20M under the column temperature of 100 \u2103, with N2 as carrier gas. Results The standard curves of acetone, acetonitrile and N,N�dimethylformamide were linear within the ranges of 0.500\uff5e2.000 \u03bcg, 0.041\uff5e0.164 \u03bcg and 0.088\uff5e0.352 \u03bcg(r=0.9997, 0.9994 and 0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries of acetone, acetonitrile and N,N�dimethylformamide were 101.1%, 97.7% and 100.4%, while the RSD for replications were 0.31%,1.28% and 0.73%\uff08n=5\uff09,respectively. Conclusion The method is specific, simple and accurate for the quality control cefpiramide raw materials.
Key words: GC; cefpiramide; residual solvent; acetone; acetonitril; N,N�dimethylformamide
\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\uff08cefpiramide\uff09\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u7c7b\u5e7f\u8c31\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u94a0\u76d0\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a,\u5bf9\u9769\u5170\u6c0f\u9633\u6027\u83cc\u3001\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u53ca\u538c\u6c27\u83cc\u5747\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6297\u83cc\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u03b2�\u5185\u9170\u80fa\u9176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\u30141\u3015\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u91c7\u7528\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9700\u5206\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5dde\u767d\u4e91\u5c71\u5316\u5b66\u5236\u836f\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u8c03\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ICH\uff09\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u7c7b\u6eb6\u5242\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u7c7b\u6eb6\u5242\u4e19\u916e,\u5e94\u5728\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u5df2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u30142-3\u3015\u62a5\u9053\u7c7b\u4f3c\u54c1\u79cd\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u94a0\u4e2d\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6d4b\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u88ab\u6d4b\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u672c\u6587\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e13\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u6d4b\u5b9a3\u79cd\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5347\u6e29\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u4fbf\u51c6\u786e\u3002
1 \u4eea\u5668\u4e0e\u8bd5\u836f
\u5c9b\u6d25GC�14A\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u4eea\uff1b\u5927\u8fde\u4f9d\u5229\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u7684\u6d82\u6e0dPEG�20M\u7684\u586b\u5145\u73bb\u7483\u67f1\uff083.2 mm\u00d72 m\uff09\u3002\u4e19\u916e\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\uff08\u5747\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u7eaf\u8bd5\u5242\uff0c\u542b\u91cf100.0%\uff09\uff0c\u4e59\u8148\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\uff08\u4e3a\u8272\u8c31\u7eaf\u8bd5\u5242\uff0c\u542b\u91cf100.0%\uff09\uff0c\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u539f\u6599\u7531\u5e7f\u5dde\u767d\u4e91\u5c71\u5316\u5b66\u5236\u836f\u5382\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u9ad8\u7eaf\u5ea6\u6c2e\u6c14\u7531\u5e7f\u5dde\u6c14\u4f53\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u3002
2 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c
2.1 \u8272\u8c31\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6cd5
\u7528\u6d82\u6e0dPEG�20M\u7684\u586b\u5145\u73bb\u7483\u67f1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c2e\u6c14\u4e3a\u8f7d\u6c14\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf10 mL/min,\u8fdb\u6837\u53e3\u6e29\u5ea6210 \u2103\uff0c\u67f1\u6e29100 \u2103\uff0c\u6c22\u706b\u7130\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u68c0\u6d4b\u5668\u6e29\u5ea6250 \u2103\u3002
\u79f0\u53d6\u6b63\u4e01\u9187\u9002\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u6c34\u5236\u621050 \u03bcg/mL\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u6807\u6db2\u3002\u7cbe\u5bc6\u79f0\u53d6\u4e19\u916e\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u7ea6100 mg\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u7ea68 mg\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u7ea618 mg\u7f6e100 mL\u91cf\u74f6\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u5185\u6807\u6db2\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e76\u7a00\u91ca\u81f3\u523b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6447\u5300\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002\u7cbe\u5bc6\u79f0\u53d6\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u7ea61 g\uff0c\u7f6e\u5177\u585e\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u52a0\u5165\u5185\u6807\u6db25 mL\uff0c\u5f3a\u529b\u632f\u64475 min\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u53d6\u7eed\u6ee4\u6db2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002\u5206\u522b\u7cbe\u5bc6\u91cf\u53d6\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db21 \u03bcL\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u4eea\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8272\u8c31\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u5185\u6807\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5cf0\u9762\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002
2.2 \u8272\u8c31\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u9650\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u9650
\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8272\u8c31\u56fe\u89c1\u56fe1\uff0c\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u3001\u6b63\u4e01\u9187\uff08\u5185\u6807\uff09\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5cf0\u67f1\u6548\u5206\u522b\u4e3a850\u3001800\u3001600\u548c1 000\uff0c\u62d6\u5c3e\u7cfb\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1.4\u30011.2\u30011.3\u548c1.3, \u4e19\u916e\u4e0e\u4e59\u8148\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e01\u9187\u53ca\u6b63\u4e01\u9187\u4e0e\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5cf0\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a3.9\u30012.8\u548c7.7\u3002\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u9650\uff08\u4fe1\u566a\u6bd43\u22361\uff09\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1 ng\u30010.5 ng\u548c0.5 ng,\u5b9a\u91cf\u9650\uff08\u4fe1\u566a\u6bd410\u22361\uff09\u5206\u522b\u4e3a2 ng\u30011 ng\u548c2 ng\u3002
a.\u4e19\u916e;b.\u4e59\u8148;c.\u6b63\u4e01\u9187;d.\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa
\u56fe1 \u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u56fe\uff08\u7565\uff09
Fig.1 GC Chromatograms of the residual solvents in the raw materials
2.3 \u7cbe\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8bd5\u9a8c
\u53d6\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u68375\u6b21\uff0c\u6d4b\u5f97\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5cf0\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u5185\u6807\u5cf0\u9762\u79ef\u6bd4\u7684RSD\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.31%\u30011.28%\u548c0.73%\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u5747\u5300\u6837\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6d4b\u5f973\u4efd\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u542b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u91cd\u73b0\u6027\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1.5%\u30011.9%\u548c1.7%\u3002
2.4 \u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4
\u5206\u522b\u7cbe\u5bc6\u79f0\u53d6\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1, \u6309\u201c2.1\u201d\u9879\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5185\u6807\u6eb6\u6db2\u5b9a\u91cf\u914d\u5236\u5e76\u7a00\u91ca\u6210\u8d28\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4e19\u916e500\u3001750\u30011 000\u30011 500 \u03bcg/mL\uff0c\u4e59\u814841\u300161.5\u300182\u3001123\u3001164 \u03bcg/mL\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa88\u3001132\u3001176\u3001264\u3001352 \u03bcg/mL\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5404\u51c6\u786e\u8fdb\u68371 \u03bcL\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u6837\u91cf\uff08m)\u4e0e\u5f85\u6d4b\u6eb6\u5242\u5cf0\u9762\u79ef/\u5185\u6807\u5cf0\u9762\u79ef\u6bd4\u503c\uff08A\uff09\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e19\u916e A1=9.4826m1-0.2456\uff08r=0.9997\uff09,\u4e59\u8148 A2=13.4495m2+0.03646\uff08r=0.9994\uff09,\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa A3=4.3421m3+0.0094\uff08r=0.9999\uff09\uff1b\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u8fdb\u6837\u91cf\u6d4b\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.500\uff5e2.000 \u03bcg\u30010.041\uff5e0.164 \u03bcg\u548c0.088\uff5e0.352 \u03bcg\u3002
2.5 \u56de\u6536\u7387\u8bd5\u9a8c
\u6309\u201c2.1\u201d\u9879\u65b9\u6cd5, \u5206\u522b\u7528\u5185\u6807\u6db2\u914d\u5236\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2,\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u5747\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u768480%\u3001100%\u548c120%\u7684\u4f9b\u8bd5\u54c1\u52a0\u5bf9\u7167\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u54043\u4efd, \u4f9d\u6cd5\u8fdb\u6837\u6d4b\u5b9a, \u7b97\u51fa\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u8148\u548c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u52a0\u6837\u56de\u6536\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e19\u916e\uff1a100.1%\u3001104.6%\u3001100.5%\u3001101.4%\u3001102.9%\u300199.3%\u3001100.0%\u300199.3%\u548c100.8%\uff0c\u5e73\u5747101.0%\uff08RSD 1.75%\uff09\u3002
\u4e59\u8148\uff1a97.1%\u300197.5%\u300196.1%\u300199.8%\u300196.6%\u300196.3%\u300199.0%\u300199.2%\u548c97.9%\uff0c\u5e73\u574797.7%\uff08RSD 1.40%\uff09\u3002
\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa:101.2%\u300199.3%\u3001100.8%\u3001102.8%\u3001101.4%\u300199.6%\u300199.3%\u300198.6%\u548c101.0%\uff0c\u5e73\u5747100.4%\uff08RSD 1.32%\uff09\u3002
2.6 \u6837\u54c1\u6d4b\u5b9a
\u6309\u201c2.1\u201d\u9879\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u6837\u54c13\u6279\uff0c\u6d4b\u5f97\u5176\u4e19\u916e\u542b\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a0.015%\u30010.013%\u548c0.011%\uff1b\u4e59\u8148\u542b\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.013%\u30010.011%\u548c0.010%\uff1b\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u542b\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.005%\u30010.002%\u30010.001%,\u5747\u7b26\u5408ICH\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff080.5%\u30010.041%\u548c0.088%\uff09\u3002
3 \u8ba8\u8bba
3.1 3\u79cd\u6eb6\u5242\u5747\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\uff0c\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u6837\u54c1\u52a0\u6c34\u5f3a\u529b\u632f\u6447\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u6781\u7ec6\u5fae\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u6df7\u60ac\u6db2\uff0c\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6eb6\u51fa\u3002
3.2 \u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u4e3a\u8f83\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u96be\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u9876\u7a7a\u8fdb\u6837\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u6837\u5bf9\u6bdb\u7ec6\u7ba1\u67f1\u4f24\u5bb3\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9009\u7528\u586b\u5145\u67f1\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u6837\u6cd5\u3002
3.3 \u672c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u91c7\u7528\u6052\u5b9a\u67f1\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5185\u6807\u6cd5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u8fdb\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u3002
3.4 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u4e13\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6052\u5b9a\u67f1\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u6d4b\u5b9a3\u79cd\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5feb\u6377\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u6b8b\u7559\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011
\u30141\u3015 \u5468\u4e50\uff0c\u738b\u660e\u8d35.\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u7684\u4f53\u5916\u6297\u83cc\u4f5c\u7528\u3014J\u3015.\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1997\uff0c22\uff084\uff09\uff1a275-278.
\u30142\u3015 \u738b\u559c\u6885\uff0c\u674e\u6653\u71d5\uff0c\u5468\u6d77\u4e91\uff0c\u7b49.\u9876\u7a7a\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u94a0\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u6b8b\u7559\u3014J\u3015.\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff0c2004\uff0c43\uff084\uff09\uff1a122-124.
\u30143\u3015 \u674e\u5f18\u97ec\uff0c\u6768\u654f\uff0c\u4e07\u6c5f\u9675\uff0c\u7b49.\u9876\u7a7a\u56fa\u76f8\u5fae\u8403\u53d6-\u6c14\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u5339\u80fa\u94a0\u4e2d\u591a\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u6b8b\u7559\u91cf\u3014J\u3015.\u836f\u7269\u5206\u6790\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2005,25\uff081\uff09\uff1a37-39.
\u30144\u3015 \u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u5178\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a.\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u836f\u5178\uff1a\u4e8c\u90e8\u3014S\u3015.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\uff1a\u9644\u5f55V E\u548c\u9644\u5f55VIII P.
Gas chromatography cefpiramide of Residual Solvents
Abstract:Objective To establish a method for content determination of the residual solvents in cefpiramide. Methods The analysis was performed on a column coated by PEG�20M under the column temperature of 100 \u2103, with N2 as carrier gas. Results The standard curves of acetone, acetonitrile and N,N�dimethylformamide were linear within the ranges of 0.500\uff5e2.000 \u03bcg, 0.041\uff5e0.164 \u03bcg and 0.088\uff5e0.352 \u03bcg(r=0.9997, 0.9994 and 0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries of acetone, acetonitrile and N,N�dimethylformamide were 101.1%, 97.7% and 100.4%, while the RSD for replications were 0.31%,1.28% and 0.73%\uff08n=5\uff09,respectively. Conclusion The method is specific, simple and accurate for the quality control cefpiramide raw materials.
Key words: GC; cefpiramide; residual solvent; acetone; acetonitril; N,N�dimethylformamide
Cefpiramide (cefpiramide) is the third-generation cephalosporins broad-spectrum antibiotics, can be further processed into sodium or directly for clinical, against Gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria have a strong anti-bacterial viability of \u03b2 � lactamase stability, a good clinical value of [1]. Since the plant produced cefpiramide using the solvent process and the use of different types of residual solvents and therefore also different, to be developed were suitable for accurate determination of the method. In this study, the Guangzhou-based pharmaceutical production Baiyunshan cefpiramide of products used in the production process to the international coordination organization (ICH) provides the second-class solvent acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, as well as three types of solvent C ketones, should be to monitor quality standards. Literature [2-3] reported similar cefpiramide sodium varieties in the determination of residual solvents, but because of the different types of residual solvents under test can not be directly quoted. In this paper, the gas chromatography, specific, able to experiment with a simultaneous determination of three kinds of solvent content, no TPD method is simple and accurate.
1 apparatus with the test drug
GC � 14A Shimadzu gas chromatograph; Dalian, according to the company produced little coating of PEG � 20M-filled glass column (3.2 mm \u00d7 2 m). Acetone and dimethyl formamide reference substance (both\u5206\u6790\u7eafreagents, content 100.0%), acetonitrile reference substance (for chromatography pure reagents, content 100.0%), raw materials from cefpiramide chemical Guangzhou Baiyun Mountain pharmaceutical companies to offer high-purity nitrogen gas production from Guangzhou.
2 Methods and results
2.1 Determination of chromatographic conditions
Coating with PEG � 20M filling glass column with nitrogen as carrier gas, flow rate 10 mL / min, injection port temperature 210 \u2103, and the column temperature was 100 \u2103, hydrogen flame ionization detector temperature 250 \u2103.
Check that n-butanol amount made by adding water to 50 \u03bcg / mL of the solution, as the internal standard solution. Said reference substance from acetone precision of about 100 mg, about 8 mg acetonitrile reference substance and reference substance dimethylformamide home about 18 mg in 100 mL\u91cf\u74f6, plus the internal standard solution dissolved and diluted to calibration, shake, solution as a reference substance. Precision said cefpiramide for taking samples of about 1 g, buy a plug in in vitro and accurate internal standard solution by adding 5 mL, a strong\u632f\u64475 min, filter, filtrate added check for the test materials as a solution. Precision reference substance, respectively, the volume of solution taken for the sample solution and 1 \u03bcL, into the gas chromatograph, record chromatogram using internal standard method to calculate peak area.
2.2 Chromatographic parameters, detection limit and limit of quantification
Cefpiramide sample solution for HPLC are shown in Figure 1, acetone, acetonitrile, n-butanol (internal standard) and dimethylformamide peaks were 850,800,600 column efficiency and 1 000, tailing factor 1.4,1.2,1.3 and 1.3, respectively, acetone and acetonitrile, acetonitrile and n-butanol and n-butanol and dimethylformamide peak separation between 3.9,2.8 and 7.7, respectively. Acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide the detection limit (signal to noise ratio 3:1) were 1 ng, 0.5 ng and 0.5 ng, limit of quantification (signal to noise ratio 10:1) were 2 ng, 1 ng and 2 ng.
a. acetone; b. acetonitrile; c. n-butanol; d. Dimethylformamide
Figure 1 cefpiramide of residual solvents by gas chromatography (abbreviated)
Fig.1 GC Chromatograms of the residual solvents in the raw materials
Precision 2.3
Reference substance solution from sample to repeat 5 times, measured acetone, acetonitrile and dimethyl formamide and the internal standard peak area ratio of peak area RSD were 0.31%, 1.28% and 0.73%. With a homogeneous sample, in different instruments, different operators measured under the conditions of 3 results, calculated acetone, acetonitrile and dimethyl formamide content of the results of reproducibility were 1.5%, 1.9% and 1.7% respectively.
2.4 Linear relations and the scope of
Precision that were taken acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide reference substance, according to "2.1" method of internal standard solution were prepared and diluted into quantitative concentration of acetone 500,750,1 000,1 500 \u03bcg / mL, acetonitrile 41,61.5,82,123,164 \u03bcg / mL and dimethylformamide 88,132,176,264,352 \u03bcg / mL of the solution, the accurate determination of 1 \u03bcL sample, the results of Jin sample volume (m) with the test solvent peak area / internal standard peak area ratio (A) of the linear regression equation are as follows: acetone A1 = 9.4826m1-0.2456 (r = 0.9997), acetonitrile A2 = 13.4495m2 +0.03646 (r = 0.9994), dimethylformamide A3 = 4.3421m3 +0.0094 (r = 0.9999); acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide Determination of sample size in the range of 0.500 ~ 2.000 \u03bcg, 0.041 ~ 0.164 \u03bcg and 0.088 ~ 0.352 \u03bcg.
2.5 recovery test
According to "2.1" option, the internal standard solution were prepared with reference substance solution for the sample solution, as well as acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide are equivalent to the concentration of reference substance solution of 80%, 100% and 120% of the reference substance for the test materials plus 3 copies of each solution, measured in accordance with the law injection, calculated acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide of sample recovery results are as follows:
Acetone: 100.1%, 104.6%, 100.5%, 101.4%, 102.9%, 99.3%, 100.0%, 99.3% and 100.8%, with an average 101.0% (RSD 1.75%).
Acetonitrile: 97.1%, 97.5%, 96.1%, 99.8%, 96.6%, 96.3%, 99.0%, 99.2% and 97.9%, an average of 97.7% (RSD 1.40%).
Dimethylformamide: 101.2%, 99.3%, 100.8%, 102.8%, 101.4%, 99.6%, 99.3%, 98.6% and 101.0%, with an average 100.4% (RSD 1.32%).
2.6 sample
According to "2.1" Methods of determination of sample cefpiramide 3 batches get acetone content measured are as follows: 0.015%, 0.013% and 0.011%; acetonitrile content of 0.013%, 0.011% and 0.010%; dimethoxy Formamide-based content of 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.001%, are in line with the proposed limits of ICH (0.5%, 0.041% and 0.088%).
3 discussions
3.1 are three kinds of very good water-soluble solvent, cefpiramide samples by adding water to form a very strong\u632f\u6447fine particles after the suspension, to ensure the dissolution of residual solvents.
Dimethylformamide 3.2 for high boiling point solvent, the aqueous solution difficult to headspace sampling method, and dimethyl formamide sample directly into a greater harm to the capillary column, thus selected column direct injection method .
3.3 Test the use of a constant column temperature measured under the conditions of stability conducive to the determination, using internal standard method helps to reduce the sampling error of operation.
Experiments show that more than 3.4, the gas chromatography specific, in the constant column temperature measured at the same time under the condition of three kinds of residual solvent content, faster and more accurate method for residual solvents cefpiramide monitoring.
\u3010References\u3011
[1] ZHOU Le,\u738b\u660e\u8d35. Cefpiramide in vitro [J]. Chinese Journal of Antibiotics, 1997,22 (4) :275-278.
[2] Xi-Mei Wang, LI Xiao-yan, ZHOU Hai-yun, et al. Headspace Determination of sodium cefpiramide of residual solvents in the [J]. Sun Yat-sen University: Natural Science, 2004,43 (4) :122-124.
[3] Lee\u5f18\u97ec, Yang, Jiangling Wan, et al. Headspace solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatography cefpiramide sodium residues in a variety of organic solvents [J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2005,25 (1 ) :37-39.
[4] National Pharmacopoeia Committee. People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia: 2 [S]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2005: Appendix VE and Appendix VIII P.
\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5230\u4f60\u90ae\u7bb1\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u6536\u3002
\u5316\u5b66\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8bba\u6587 \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u6211\u90fd\u5199\u4e86\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u6311\u3002
\u5f04\u5f97\u5f88\u8f9b\u82e6\u554a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5e2e\u5230\u4f60\uff01
一,实验目的
1.掌握合成K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O的基本原理和操作技术;
2.加深对铁(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅱ)化合物性质的了解;
3.掌握容量分析等基本操作.
二,实验原理
本实验以硫酸亚铁铵为原料,与草酸在酸性溶液中先制得草酸亚铁沉淀,然后再用草酸亚铁在草酸钾和草酸的存在下,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,得到铁(Ⅲ)草酸配合物.主要反应为:
改变溶剂极性并加少量盐析剂,可析出绿色单斜晶体纯的三草酸合铁(Ⅲ)酸钾,通过化学分析确定配离子的组成.用KMnO4标准溶液在酸性介质中滴定测得草酸根的含量.Fe3+ 含量可先用过量锌粉将其还原为Fe2+,然后再用KMnO4标准溶液滴定而测得,其反应式为:
5C2O42-+2MnO4-+16H+ ===10CO2↑+2Mn2+ + 8H2O
5Fe2+ + MnO4- +8H+ ===5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 + H2C2O4 + 2H2O ===FeC2O4·2H2O↓+ (NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4
2FeC2O4·2H2O + H2O2 + 3K2C2O4 + H2C2O4 ===2K3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O
三,实验仪器与试剂
托盘天平,分析天平,抽滤装置,烧杯(100mL),电炉,移液管(25mL),容量瓶(50mL, 100mL),锥形瓶(250mL).
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O,H2SO4(1mol·L-1),H2C2O4(饱和),K2C2O4(饱和),KCl (A. R),KNO3(300g·L-1),乙醇(95%),乙醇—丙酮混合液(1 : 1),K3[Fe(CN)6] (5%),H2O2 (3%).
四,实验步骤
1.三草酸合铁(Ⅲ)酸钾的制备
① 草酸亚铁的制备: 称取5g硫酸亚铁铵固体放在100mL烧杯中,然后加15mL蒸馏水和5~6滴1mol·L-1 H2SO4,加热溶解后,再加入25mL饱和草酸溶液,加热搅拌至沸,然后迅速搅拌片刻,防止飞溅.停止加热,静置.待黄色晶体FeC2O4·2H2O沉淀后倾析,弃去上层清液,加入20mL蒸馏水洗涤晶体,搅拌并温热,静置,弃去上层清液,即得黄色晶体草酸亚铁.
② 三草酸合铁(Ⅲ)酸钾的制备:往草酸亚铁沉淀中,加入饱和K2C2O4溶液10mL,水浴加热313K,恒温下慢慢滴加3%的H2O2溶液20mL,沉淀转为深棕色.边加边搅拌,加完后将溶液加热至沸,然后加入20mL饱和草酸溶液,沉淀立即溶解,溶液转为绿色.趁热过滤,滤液转入100mL烧杯中,加入95%的乙醇25mL,混匀后冷却,可以看到烧杯底部有晶体析出.为了加快结晶速度,可往其中滴加KNO3溶液.晶体完全析出后,抽滤,用乙醇—丙酮的混合液10mL淋洒滤饼,抽干混合液.固体产品置于一表面皿上,置暗处晾干.称重,计算产率.
①KMnO4溶液的标定
准确称取0.13～0.17gNa2C2O4三份,分别置于250mL锥形瓶中,加水50mL使其溶解,加入10mL 3 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液,在水浴上加热到75～85℃,趁热用待标定的KMnO4溶液滴定,开始时滴定速率应慢,待溶液中产生了Mn2+后, 滴定速率可适当加快,但仍须逐滴加入,滴定至溶液呈现微红色并持续30s内不褪色即为终点.根据每份滴定中Na2C2O4的质量和消耗的KMnO4溶液体积,计算出KMnO4溶液的浓度.
2.三草酸合铁酸钾组成的测定
②草酸根含量的测定: 把制得的K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O在50-60℃于恒温干燥箱中干燥1h,在干燥器中冷却至室温,精确称取样品约0.2-0.3g,放入250mL锥形瓶中,加入25mL水和5mL 1mol·L-1 H2SO4,用标准0.02000 mol·L-1 KMnO4溶液滴定.滴定时先滴入8mL左右的 KMnO4标准溶液,然后加热到343~358K(不高于358K)直至紫红色消失.再用KMnO4滴定热溶液,直至微红色在30s内不消失.记下消耗KMnO4标准溶液的总体积,计算K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O中草酸根的质量分数 ,并换算成物质的量.滴定后的溶液保留待用.
③铁含量测定: 在上述滴定过草酸根的保留液中加锌粉还原,至黄色消失.加热3min,使Fe3+ 完全转变为Fe2+,抽滤,用温水洗涤沉淀.滤液转入250mL锥形瓶中,再利用KMnO4溶液滴定至微红色,计算K3Fe[(C2O4)3]中铁的质量分数 ,并换算成物质的量.
结论:在1mol产品中含C2O42- mol,Fe3+ mol,该物质的化学式为 .
五,注意事项
1. 水浴40℃下加热,慢慢滴加H2O2.以防止H2O2分解.
2. 减压过滤要规范.尤其注意在抽滤过程中,勿用水冲洗粘附在烧杯和布氏滤斗上的少量绿色产品,否则,将大大影响产量.
Experiment 11 3 ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Determination of potassium in the preparation and composition
One purpose of the experiment
1. Grasp synthesis K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O basic principles and operating techniques;
2. Deepen their understanding of iron (Ⅲ) and iron (Ⅱ) compounds understanding of the nature;
3. Master the basic operations such as capacity analysis.
Second, the experimental principle
In this experiment, ferrous ammonium sulfate as raw material, and oxalic acid in acidic solution of ferrous oxalate precipitation was obtained first, and then use potassium oxalate and ferrous oxalate in the presence of oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant by iron (Ⅲ) oxalate complex. main reaction is:
Change in solvent polarity and add a small amount of salt agents may precipitate the green monoclinic crystals of pure three-ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) potassium ions by chemical analysis to determine the composition distribution. Standard solution with KMnO4 in acid medium oxalic acid titrated the content of the root. Fe3 + content can be the first to use excessive zinc reduced to Fe2 +, and then use the standard solution of KMnO4 titration and measured, their reaction is:
5C2O42-+2 MnO4-+16 H + === 10CO2 ↑ +2 Mn2 + + 8H2O
5Fe2 + + MnO4-+8 H + === 5Fe3 + + Mn2 + + 4H2O
(NH4) 2Fe (SO4) 2 + H2C2O4 + 2H2O === FeC2O4 · 2H2O ↓ + (NH4) 2SO4 + H2SO4
2FeC2O4 · 2H2O + H2O2 + 3K2C2O4 + H2C2O4 === 2K3 [Fe (C2O4) 3] · 3H2O
Third, experimental equipment and reagents
Pallet scale, analytical balance, filtration devices, beaker (100mL), electric stove, pipette (25mL), volumetric flask (50mL, 100mL), Erlenmeyer flask (250mL).
(NH4) 2Fe (SO4) 2.6 H2O, H2SO4 (1mol · L-1), H2C2O4 (saturated), K2C2O4 (saturated), KCl (A. R), KNO3 (300g · L-1), ethanol (95% ), ethanol - acetone mixture (1: 1), K3 [Fe (CN) 6] (5%), H2O2 (3%).
4, experimental procedures
1. 3 ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Preparation of potassium
① Preparation of Ferrous Oxalate: Weigh 5g of solid ammonium ferrous sulfate on the 100mL beaker, then add 15mL of distilled water and 5 to 6 drops of 1mol · L-1 H2SO4, heating dissolved, then add 25mL saturated acid solution, heating and agitating to boiling, then quickly stir a moment, to prevent splashing. stop heating, standing. to be yellow crystals FeC2O4 · 2H2O precipitated decantation, discard supernatant liquid, adding 20mL distilled water crystals, stir and warm, standing, discard supernatant liquid, which was yellow ferrous oxalate crystals.
② Three ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Preparation of Potassium: ferrous oxalate to precipitate, by adding saturated K2C2O4 solution 10mL, water bath 313K, constant temperature slowly dropping to 3% H2O2 solution of 20mL, to dark brown precipitate. Edge Bordered stirring, add After the solution was heated to boiling, then add 20mL saturated oxalic acid solution, precipitate immediately dissolved, the solution turns green. hot filtration, the filtrate into 100mL beaker, add 95% ethanol, 25mL, after mixing cooling, you can see the bottom of the beaker and precipitate. In order to accelerate the crystallization rate, which may be dropping to the KNO3 solution. crystal after complete precipitation and filtered, ethanol - acetone mixture of 10mL sprinkling cream cake, drain the mixture. the surface of solid product in a pan, turning the dark to dry. weighing, calculating the yield.
① KMnO4 solution calibration
Weigh accurately 0.13 ~ 0.17gNa2C2O4 three were placed in 250mL conical flask, add 50mL of water to dissolve, adding 10mL 3 mol · L-1H2SO4 solution in a water bath heated to 75 ~ 85 ℃, hot to be calibrated with the KMnO4 titration, titration rate should start slowly, until the solution had a Mn2 +, the titration rate may be appropriate to speed up, but still drops by to join, titration to the solution and continue to 30s showed reddish discoloration shall not end in. According Each titration Na2C2O4 quality and consumption volume of KMnO4 solution, calculate the concentration of KMnO4 solution.
2. 3 ferrous potassium oxalate determination of the composition of
② oxalate content: the system was the K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O at 50-60 ℃ in temperature oven drying 1h, cooled to room temperature in the dryer, accurately weighed sample of about 0.2-0.3g Put 250mL conical flask, add 25mL of water and 5mL 1mol · L-1 H2SO4, with standard 0.02000 mol · L-1 KMnO4 solution titration. titrated around when the first trickle 8mL KMnO4 standard solution, then heated to 343 ~ 358K (not more than 358K) until the purple disappears. then KMnO4 titration hot solution until the reddish does not disappear within in the 30s. note the total consumption volume of standard solution of KMnO4 calculated K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O oxalate root mass fraction, and converted into amount of substance. titration solution retained after the stand-by.
③ Determination of iron content: in the titration of oxalate retention over adding zinc dust reduction solution to the yellow color disappears. Heated 3min, so that the complete transformation of Fe3 + Fe2 +, and filtered, washing with warm water sedimentation. Filtrate into 250mL Erlenmeyer flask , re-use KMnO4 titration to reddish calculated K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] content of iron, and converted into amount of substance.
Conclusion: 1mol products containing C2O42-mol, Fe3 + mol, the substance of the chemical formula.
V. Notes
1. 40 ℃ water bath heating, slowly dropping H2O2. To prevent the H2O2 decomposition.
2. Decompression filter to regulate. Particular attention to the filtration process, do not wash with water in the beaker and Brandt adhesion filter a small amount of green products on the fight, otherwise, it will greatly affect the output.
建议你去一些专业的环保网站查询，或者去一些具体部门咨询。这些问题一般资料都比较难收集。只有专业性的部门和机构才有~~
绛旓細楂樺垎瀛愬井涔崇殑閰嶅埗鍜岀ǔ瀹氭ф満鐞 Katharina Landfester,* Nina Bechthold, Franca Tiarks, and Markus Antonietti 楹﹀厠鏂锋櫘鏈楀厠鑳朵綋鍜岀晫闈㈠闄紝Forschungscampus Golm锛14424锛堥偖缂栵級 娉㈣尐鍧︼紝寰峰浗 1999骞3鏈1鏃ュ彂琛紝1999骞5鏈25鏃ュ彂琛ㄤ慨鏀圭 鎽樿锛氬昂瀵稿湪30锝180nm鑼冨洿鍐呯殑鑱氳嫰涔欑儻涔宠兌鍙互閫氳繃寰钩鐨勮仛...
绛旓細浠嬬粛 杩欎釜姒傚康鐨勨滆嚜鏃嬬數瀛愬鈥濆惛寮曚簡鍙鐨勭瀛﹀叴瓒,杩戝勾鏉,瀹冪幇鍦ㄥ凡缁忓紩鍙戜竴鍦洪潻鍛藉湪璁＄畻鏈虹瀛︺佷俊鎭瀛︺佸強鍏朵粬鍦板尯(1-4]銆傗渉alf-metallic鈥濊祫鏂,涓涓柊鐨勭被鍖栧悎鐗,鍏剁數娴佸彲浠ュ畬鍏ㄨ嚜鏃嬫瀬鍖,涓鐩磋璁や负鏄竴绉嶅緢鏈夊墠閫旂殑鑷棆鐢靛瓙搴旂敤瀹氱悊涓庨噾灞炶嚜鐒,涓虹數瀛愯嚜鏃嬫柟鍚戝拰鍗婂浣撴垨缁濈紭鎬ц川瀹氫綅涓哄叾浠栨棆杞...
绛旓細In nowadays, chemical products play a more important role in people's everyday life than ever before. As some people enjoy the convinience brought by artificial chemical products, more people begin to concern about the consequence after excessive use of chemical products. Many ...
绛旓細1 鏉愭枡鍜屾柟娉 1.1 鏉愭枡 鐝嶇彔绮夋穩绮夋槸鍟嗗搧(鏋佸皬鐨勬潹Co. 涓浗) 銆侾hosphoryl 姘寲鐗(POC13) 鏄喘涔颁粠涓婃捣鍖栧伐璇曞墏宸ヤ綔(涓婃捣, 涓浗鍞炬恫a - 娣绮夐叺绱(EC 3.2.1.1) 绮夋湯浠470 涓崟浣嶇殑鍏蜂綋娲诲姩姣忔鍏嬭泲鐧借川琚幏寰椾簡浠嶴igm Chemical Company (鍦ｈ矾鏄撴柉, MO) 銆傛绘穩绮塧ssa 鎴愬宸ュ叿鍖呮嫭鐨勮愰珮娓╃殑...
绛旓細鎽樿锛歍hiolysis涓涓1,2鐜哀鍖栫墿鍦ㄦ按涓搧绉嶅湪30鈩冿紝pH鍊7.0鐨勫己鐑堝姞閫熸隘鍖栭攲锛10 mol锛呯殑闄ゅ锛夋椂锛屾皑鍩洪吀鍜宑arboxythiophenol浣跨敤銆傚湪姘寸浉浠嬭川鍙婂偓鍖栧墏鐨勫洖鏀跺拰閲嶅浣跨敤鍦ㄥ悇绉嶈繍琛岃屼笉浼氬奖鍝嶈杩涚▼鐨勬晥鐜囥傚紩杩涚殑A - hydroxysulfide鍗曚綅鍦ㄧ敓鐗╁強鑽悊interest1锛屾槸鍚堟垚鐑笝閱囷紝benzoxathiepines澶氬姛鑳藉熀鍥...
绛旓細The chemical process tests five Yuan melon link recognition chromium ion the experimental condition to choose [abstract]the electrochemistry analytic method is obtains the development instrumental analysis technology, the measuring signal is most early electrical signals and so on electric ...
绛旓細Preparation of this experiment can effectively remove a sea of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of the composite adsorbent Triolein. And preparation methods, morphological structure and its impact on water POPs adsorption behavior is studied.The experimental results show that the new ...
绛旓細涓嶈兘涓庢按鐩存帴鍖栧悎鐢熸垚纭呴吀 3銆佸垽瀹氶吀鎬ф哀鍖栫墿鏈閲嶈渚濇嵁鏄鍖栧鍙嶅簲鍓嶅悗鍚勫厓绱犲寲鍚堜环淇濇寔涓嶅彉.鐗逛緥锛氫簩姘у寲纭呮槸杈冪壒娈婄殑閰告ф哀鍖栫墿銆備簩姘у寲纭呭彲浠ュ拰姘㈡盁閰稿弽搴旓紝浣嗕笉鑳藉悓姘村弽搴斻傛敞鎰忥細閰告ф哀鍖栫墿涓ぇ澶氭暟鏄潪閲戝睘姘у寲鐗 闈為噾灞炴哀鍖栫墿涓ぇ澶氭暟鏄吀鎬ф哀鍖栫墿 鍚哀閰告墠鏈夐吀鎬ф哀鍖栫墿 [email protected] ...
绛旓細鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑璁烘枃涓紝Fontecha-C谩mara 绛変汉 [10] 鏇剧粡鎶ュ锛氭晫鑽夐殕鍦ㄩ吀纰卞害涓 7 鏃讹紝瀵规椿鎬х⒊绾ょ淮鍜屽竷鏂欑殑鍚搁檮閲忓憟鐜 L 绫荤瓑娓╃嚎锛涜 Bouras 绛変汉 [9] 鍒欐姤瀵兼晫鑽夐殕鍦ㄩ吀纰卞害涓 6 鏃讹紝瀵逛簬琛ㄩ潰娲绘х粡杩囦慨鏀圭殑鏌辩姸绮樺湡鐨勫惛闄勯噺鍛堢幇S绫荤瓑娓╃嚎銆俆hus, the formation of multilayer seems to be conditioned...
绛旓細鐜板湪閫氳繃鍚屾杩樺師鏂规硶锛岀敤NaBH4鍋氳繕鍘熷墏锛屽凡鎴愬姛鍚堟垚浜哖dNi/C鍌寲鍓傦紝杩欎簺鍌寲鍓傜殑鐗圭偣鍦ㄤ簬瀹冧滑鍏峰澶氱涓嶅悓鐨勭墿鐞鍖栧鎬ц川銆傜粡杩嘪灏勭嚎琛嶅皠锛圶RD锛夊垎鏋愶紝纭鍦≒dNi/C鍌寲鍓傜殑纰崇矇涓婂舰鎴愪簡闈㈠績绔嬫柟鏅朵綋閽拰姘㈡哀鍖栭晬鏅朵綋銆傞忓皠鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滐紙TEM锛夎瀵熷埌鐨勫浘鍍忔樉绀虹⒊绮変笂瀛樺湪鐫鍒嗗竷鍧囧寑鐨勯噾灞炲井绮掞紝鑰屼笖鐢靛瓙鏁版嵁...
