初中化学相对原子质量表 相对原子质量表的初中常用相对原子质量
\u521d\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u88681 \u6c22 H 1 \uff0c2 \u6c26 He 4 \uff0c3 \u9502 Li 7 \uff0c4 \u94cd Be 9 \uff0c5 \u787c B 11 \uff0c6 \u78b3 C 12 \uff0c7 \u6c2e N 14 \uff0c8 \u6c27 O 16 \uff0c9 \u6c1f F 19 \uff0c10 \u6c16 Ne 20 \uff0c11 \u94a0 Na 23 \uff0c12 \u9541 Mg 24 \uff0c13 \u94dd Al 27 \uff0c14 \u7845 Si 28 \uff0c15 \u78f7 P 31 \uff0c16 \u786b S 32 \uff0c17 \u6c2f Cl 35 \uff0c18 \u6c29 Ar 40 \uff0c19 \u94be K 39 \uff0c20 \u9499 Ca 40 \uff0c26 \u94c1 Fe 56 \uff0c29 \u94dc Cu 64 \uff0c30 \u950c Zn 65 \uff0c47 \u94f6 Ag 108 \uff0c53 \u7898 I 127 \uff0c78 \u94c2 Pt 195 \uff0c79 \u91d1 Au 197 \uff0c80 \u6c5e Hg 201\u3002
1\u3001\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8868\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u6392\u5217\u3002 \u672c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u81ea\u6700\u8fd1\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868(IUPAC 2005 standard atomic weights)\uff0c\u4ee512C=12\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002 \u672c\u8868\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u3002
2\u3001 \u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u672b\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5ea6\u52a0\u6ce8\u5728\u5176\u540e\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u3002 \u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u52a0\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u4e3a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u3002
\u521d\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf:
\u6c22 H \uff081\uff09\u3001\u78b3C\uff0812\uff09\u3001\u6c2eN\uff0814\uff09\u3001\u6c27O\uff0816\uff09\u3001\u94a0Na\uff0823\uff09\u3001\u9541Mg(24\uff09
\u94ddAl\uff0827\uff09\u3001\u7845Si\uff0828\uff09\u3001\u78f7P\uff0831\uff09\u3001\u786bS\uff0832\uff09\u3001\u6c2fCl\uff0835.5\uff09\u3001\u94beK\uff0839\uff09
\u9499Ca\uff0840\uff09\u3001\u9530Mn\uff0855\uff09\u3001\u94c1Fe\uff0856\uff09\u3001\u94dcCu\uff0863.5\uff09\u3001\u950cZn\uff0865\uff09\u3001
\u94f6Ag\uff08108\uff09\u3001\u94a1Ba\uff08137\uff09\u3001\u7898I\uff08127\uff09\u3002
\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8868:
1\u3001\u662f\u6307\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u6392\u5217\u3002 \u672c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u81ea\u6700\u8fd1\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\uff0c\u4ee512C=12\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002 \u672c\u8868\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u3002
2\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u672b\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5ea6\u52a0\u6ce8\u5728\u5176\u540e\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u3002 \u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u52a0\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u4e3a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u3002
3\u3001\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8d28\u91cf\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8bdd\u90a3\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a1.674\u00d710⁻²⁷\u5343\u514b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a2.657\u00d710⁻²⁶\u5343\u514b\u3002
4\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3-12\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a1.993\u00d710⁻²⁶\u5343\u514b\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u3002
5\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3-12\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76841/12\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3-12\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76841/12\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a\u8d28\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7u\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u78b312\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76841/12\u3002
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff1a
1\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\uff09\uff1a1\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a1.67\u00d710^-27 kg\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a2.657\u00d710^-26kg\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002
2\u3001\u6240\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76841/12\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u7ea61.67\u00d710^-27kg\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3aAr\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5199\u3002
3\u30011959\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u66a8\u5e94\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08International Union of Pure and Applied Physics\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0IUPAP\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fdJ.H.\u9a6c\u9676\u8d6b\u5efa\u8baeC=12.0000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e8e1960\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u8bae\u3002
4\u30011961\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u57fa\u51c6\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u90fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8868
本表数据源自2005年IUPAC元素周期表(IUPAC 2005 standard atomic weights),以12C=12为标准。
本表方括号内的原子质量为放射性元素的半衰期最长的同位素质量数。
相对原子质量末位数的不确定度加注在其后的括号内。
112-118号元素数据未被IUPAC确定。
原子序数 元素名称 元素符号 相对原子质量
1 氢 H 1.007 94(7)
2 氦 He 4.002 602(2)
3 锂 Li 6.941(2)
4 铍 Be 9.012 182(3)
5 硼 B 10.811(7)
6 碳 C 12.017(8)
7 氮 N 14.006 7(2)
8 氧 O 15.999 4(3)
9 氟 F 18.998 403 2(5)
10 氖 Ne 20.179 7(6)
11 钠 Na 22.989 769 28(2)
12 镁 Mg 24.305 0(6)
13 铝 Al 26.981 538 6(8)
14 硅 Si 28.085 5(3)
15 磷 P 30.973 762(2)
16 硫 S 32.065(5)
17 氯 Cl 35.453(2)
18 氩 Ar 39.948(1)
19 钾 K 39.098 3(1)
20 钙 Ca 40.078(4)
21 钪 Sc 44.955 912(6)
22 钛 Ti 47.867(1)
23 钒 V 50.941 5(1)
24 铬 Cr 51.996 1(6)
25 锰 Mn 54.938 045(5)
26 铁 Fe 55.845(2)
27 钴 Co 58.933 195(5)
28 镍 Ni 58.693 4(2)
29 铜 Cu 63.546(3)
30 锌 Zn 65.409(4)
31 镓 Ga 69.723(1)
32 锗 Ge 72.64(1)
33 砷 As 74.921 60(2)
34 硒 Se 78.96(3)
35 溴 Br 79.904(1)
36 氪 Kr 83.798(2)
37 铷 Rb 85.467 8(3)
38 锶 Sr 87.62(1)
39 钇 Y 88.905 85(2)
40 锆 Zr 91.224(2)
41 铌 Nb 92.906 38(2)
42 钼 Mo 95.94(2)
43 锝 Tc [97.9072]
44 钌 Ru 101.07(2)
45 铑 Rh 102.905 50(2)
46 钯 Pd 106.42(1)
47 银 Ag 107.868 2(2)
48 镉 Cd 112.411(8)
49 铟 In 114.818(3)
50 锡 Sn 118.710(7)
51 锑 Sb 121.760(1)
52 碲 Te 127.60(3)
53 碘 I 126.904 47(3)
54 氙 Xe 131.293(6)
55 铯 Cs 132.905 451 9(2)
56 钡 Ba 137.327(7)
57 镧 La 138.905 47(7)
58 铈 Ce 140.116(1)
59 镨 Pr 140.907 65(2)
60 钕 Nd 144.242(3)
61 钷 Pm [145]
62 钐 Sm 150.36(2)
63 铕 Eu 151.964(1)
64 钆 Gd 157.25(3)
65 铽 Tb 158.925 35(2)
66 镝 Dy 162.500(1)
67 钬 Ho 164.930 32(2)
68 铒 Er 167.259(3)
69 铥 Tm 168.934 21(2)
70 镱 Yb 173.04(3)
71 镥 Lu 174.967(1)
72 铪 Hf 178.49(2)
73 钽 Ta 180.947 88(2)
74 钨 W 183.84(1)
75 铼 Re 186.207(1)
76 锇 Os 190.23(3)
77 铱 Ir 192.217(3)
78 铂 Pt 195.084(9)
79 金 Au 196.966 569(4)
80 汞 Hg 200.59(2)
81 铊 Tl 204.383 3(2)
82 铅 Pb 207.2(1)
83 铋 Bi 208.980 40(1)
84 钋 Po [208.982 4]
85 砹 At [209.987 1]
86 氡 Rn [222.017 6]
87 钫 Fr [223]
88 镭 Re [226]
89 锕 Ac [227]
90 钍 Th 232.038 06(2)
91 镤 Pa 231.035 88(2)
92 铀 U 238.028 91(3)
93 镎 Np [237]
94 钚 Pu [244]
95 镅 Am [243]
96 锔 Cm [247]
97 锫 Bk [247]
98 锎 Cf [251]
99 锿 Es [252]
100 镄 Fm [257]
101 钔 Md [258]
102 锘 No [259]
103 铹 Lr [262]
104 钅卢 Rf [261]
105 钅杜 Db [262]
106 钅喜 Sg [266]
107 钅波 Bh [264]
108 钅黑 Hs [277]
109 钅麦 Mt [268]
110 钅达 Ds [271]
111 錀 Rg [272]
112 Uub [285]
113 Uut [284]
114 Uuq [289]
115 Uup [288]
116 Uuh [292]
117 Uus [291]
118 Uuo [293]
绛旓細鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 姘 h 1 姘 he 4 纰 c 12 姘 n 14 姘 o 16 姘 f 19 姘 ne 20 閽 na 23 闀 mg 24 閾 al 27 纭 si 28 纾 p 31 纭 s 32 姘 cl 35.5 姘 ar 40 閽 k 39 閽 ca 40 閿 mn 55 閾 fe 56 閾 cu 63.5 閿 zn 65 閾 ag 108 閽 ba ...
绛旓細鏍 鐢 鑽 鏁 鍏冪礌 鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌 绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘 瀛愯川閲 1 姘 H 1 2 姘 He 4 6 纰 C 12 7 姘 N 14 8 姘 O 16 9 姘 F 19 10 姘 Ne 20 11 閽 Na 23 12 闀 Mg 24 13 閾 Al 27 14 纭 Si 28 15 纾 P 31 16 纭 S 32 17 姘 Cl 35.5 18 姘 Ar 40 19 閽 K 39 20 ...
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绛旓細鍚嶇О鍏冪礌 绗﹀彿鐩稿鍘 瀛愯川閲1姘12姘e46纰矯127姘甆148姘169姘烣1910姘朜e2011閽燦a2312闀丮g2413閾滱l2714纭匰i2815纾稰3116纭玈3217姘疌l35.518姘〢r4019閽綤3920閽機a4025閿癕n5526閾丗e5629閾淐u6430閿孼n6547閾禔g10853纰業12756閽a13778閾侾t19579閲慉u19780姹濰g201鍘熷瓙搴忔暟 鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 ...
绛旓細鏍哥數鑽锋暟 鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 1 姘 H 1 2 姘 He 4 6 纰 C 12 7 姘 N 14 8 姘 O 16 9 姘 F 19 10 姘 Ne 20 11 閽 Na 23 12 闀 Mg 24 13 閾 Al 27 14 ...
绛旓細鍘熷瓙搴忔暟 鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 1 姘 H 1.007 94锛7锛2 姘 He 4.002 602锛2锛3 閿 Li 6.941锛2锛4 閾 Be 9.012 182锛3锛5 纭 B 10.811锛7锛6 纰 C 12.017锛8锛7 姘 N 14.006 7锛2锛8 姘 O 15.999 4锛3锛9 姘 F 18.998 403 2锛5锛10 姘 Ne 20.179...
绛旓細鍘熷瓙搴忔暟 鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 1 姘 H 1.007 94锛7锛2 姘 He 4.002 602锛2锛3 閿 Li 6.941锛2锛4 閾 Be 9.012 182锛3锛5 纭 B 10.811锛7锛6 纰 C 12.017锛8锛7 姘 N 14.006 7锛2锛8 姘 O 15.999 4锛3锛9 姘 F 18.998 403 2锛5锛10 姘 Ne 20.179...
绛旓細鍘熷瓙搴忔暟 鍏冪礌鍚嶇О 鍏冪礌绗﹀彿 鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺 1 姘 H 1.007 94锛7锛2 姘 He 4.002 602锛2锛3 閿 Li 6.941锛2锛4 閾 Be 9.012 182锛3锛5 纭 B 10.811锛7锛6 纰 C 12.017锛8锛7 姘 N 14.006 7锛2锛8 姘 O 15.999 4锛3锛9 姘 F 18.998 403 2锛5锛10 姘 Ne 20.179...
绛旓細姘 1 姘e 4 纰矯 12 姘甆 14 姘 16 姘烣 19 姘朜e 20 閽燦a 23 闀丮g 24 閾滱l 27 纭匰i 28 纾稰 31 纭玈 32 姘疌l 35.5 姘〢r 40 閽綤 39 閽機a 40 閿癕n 55 閾丗e 56 閾淐u 63.5 閿孼n 65 閾禔g 108 閽a 137 閾侾t 195 閲慉u 197 姹濰g 201 纰業 127 鍛肩粓浜庢墦瀹屼簡锛岃繕鎶...
绛旓細纰抽吀閽機aCO3 100 姘碒2O 17 姘ф皵O2 32 纭吀H2SO4 98 姘㈡哀鍖栭挔NaOH 40 姘㈡哀鍖栭挋Ca(OH)2 74 鐩愰吀HCl 36.5 姘у寲閾侊紙涓夋哀鍖栦簩閾侊級Fe2O3 160 鍥涙哀鍖栦笁閾丗e3O4 232 纰抽吀閽燦a2CO3 106 姘ㄦ皵NH3 17 浜屾哀鍖栫⒊CO2 44 涓姘у寲纰矯O 28 绌烘皵锛堝钩鍧囷級 air 29.0 姹傞噰绾 ...