两种性质相似的化合物，其能量越大越稳定还是能量越小越稳定？ 化合物的稳定性是能量越高越稳定还是能量越低越稳定？
\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1f\u6c42\u8be6\u89e3\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
\u3010\u952e\u80fd\u3011
\u5916\u6587\u540d\u79f0\uff1aBond Energy
\u540d\u8bcd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u80fd\u91cf
\u540d\u8bcd\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5316\u5b66
\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u5206\u5b50\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027
\u542b\u4e49\uff1a
\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u5149\u80fd\u3001\u70ed\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u80fd\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5219\u662f\u8d77\u6fc0\u53d1\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u505a\u529f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u6fc0\u53d1\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u6e29\u89c9\u3001\u75db\u89c9\u548c\u5473\u89c9\u7b49\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u505a\u529f\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u56e0\u6c34\u89e3\u7b49\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u9020\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u56e0\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002
\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u50a8\u85cf\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ee5\u70ed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8981\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u70ed\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u5343\u7126(kJ)\u3001\u5343\u5361(kcal)\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u88ab\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5dee\u5f02(\u5982\u8868)\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u952e\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u952e\u672c\u8eab\u8f83\u5f31\u3001\u8f83\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u90fd\u4ee5\u0394G0'\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c"+"\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u672a\u4e27\u5931\u800c\u662f\u50a8\u85cf\u5728\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c"-"\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u91cf\u4ece\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u5728101.3kPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50AB\u65ad\u88c2\u6210\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505aAB\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd(KJ\u00b7mol),\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u53f7D(A-B)\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5373:AB(g)\u2500\u2192A(g)+ B(g)
\u5728\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u65ad\u88c2\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:
NH3(g)= NH2(g)+ H(g) D1 = 435kJ\u00b7mol
NH2(g)= NH(g)+ H(g) D2= 397kJ\u00b7mol
NH(g)= N(g)+ H(g) D3= 339kJ\u00b7mol
NH3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684N-H\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u5148\u540e\u62c6\u5f00\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u952e\u80fd(Bond Energy)\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5728101.3KPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u62c6\u5f00\u6210\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7528E\u8868\u793a\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c298.15K\u65f6\uff0cH\u7684\u952e\u80fdE(H-H)=D(H-H)=436kJ\u00b7mol;\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u548c\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982NH\u5206\u5b50\u4e2dN-H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u5e94\u662f\u4e09\u4e2aN-H\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c:
E(N-H)=(D1+D2+D3)/3=1171/3=391kJ\u00b7mol
\u952e\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5149\u8c31\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u952e\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u79cd\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u3002
(\u6ce8\uff1a\u952e\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u91cf\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5230\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6001\u65f6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e4b\u5dee)
\u7531\u952e\u80fd\u6c42\u7113\u53d8\u516c\u5f0f:\u0394H=\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u952e\u80fd-\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u603b\u952e\u80fd
\u952e\u80fd\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb:\u952e\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u505a\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5438\u70ed\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a:\u80fd\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5438\u6536\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u5927\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5438\u6536\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u5c0f\u3002
\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u6807\u5fd7\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u503c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u786e\u5b9a\u7684:\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u5b9a\u57df\u952e\u7ed3\u6784\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5404\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u4e4b\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u80fd\u3002\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u5b9a\u57df\u952e\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u5b9aC\u2500C\u548cC\u2500H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u662f346\u548c411\u5343\u7126/\u6469\uff0c\u5219\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u80fd\u53ea\u67092%\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u6570\u503c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u952e\u7113\u800c\u975e\u952e\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u662f298K\u65f6\u7684\u503c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f0K\u65f6\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u3002
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5ea6\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u662f\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f7f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u6784\u578b\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u5916\uff0c\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u952e\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u65ad\u5f00 CH4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a C\u2500H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u662f425\u3001470\u3001415\u3001335\u5343\u7126/\u6469\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u624d\u7b49\u4e8eC\u2500H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd(411\u5343\u7126/\u6469)\u3002
\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86
那要看是什么能了晶格能、键能就是越大越稳定
其它比如体系能量就是越小越稳定
绛旓細姘村拰杩囨哀鍖栨阿锛屼篃灏辨槸鍙屾哀姘
绛旓細涔欓唶鏄竴绉嶆棤鑹层侀忔槑鐨勬恫浣擄紝鍏锋湁鍒烘縺鎬ф皵鍛冲拰鍛抽亾锛屽彲浠ヤ綔涓洪鍝佹坊鍔犲墏鍜岀剼棣欐补绛夌敤閫斻備箼閱囨槸鐢卞彂閰佃繃绋嬩骇鐢熺殑锛屽叾鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯涓庝汉绫诲拰鍏跺畠鍔ㄧ墿浣撳唴鎵浜х敓鐨勯厭绮惧垎瀛愮粨鏋鐩稿悓銆傞厭绮惧彲浠ユ寚澶氱鍖栧悎鐗╋紝濡傜敳閱囧拰寮備笝閱囩瓑锛屽畠浠笌涔欓唶鍦ㄥ垎瀛愮粨鏋勫拰鎬ц川涓婄暐鏈変笉鍚屻傞厭绮惧拰涔欓唶鏄涓ょ甯歌鐨勬湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿锛屽畠浠湪...
绛旓細3銆佺數璐熸ц秺澶х殑闈為噾灞炲厓绱犺秺娲昏穬锛岀數璐熸ц秺灏忕殑閲戝睘鍏冪礌瓒婃椿娉笺傛盁鐨勭數璐熸ф渶澶(4.0)锛屾槸鏈瀹规槗鍙備笌鍙嶅簲鐨勯潪閲戝睘锛涚數璐熸ф渶灏忕殑鍏冪礌(0.79锛夐摨鏄渶娲绘臣鐨勯噾灞炪4銆佽繃娓″厓绱犵殑鐢佃礋鎬у兼棤鏄庢樉瑙勫緥銆傛椽鐗硅鍒欑壒渚嬶細鑳介噺鐩稿悓鐨鍘熷瓙杞ㄩ亾鍦ㄥ叏鍏呮弧锛屽崐鍏呮弧鍜屽叏绌烘椂锛屼綋绯荤殑鑳介噺杈冧綆锛屽師瀛愯緝绋冲畾銆傝兘閲忕浉鍚岀殑...
绛旓細41.瀵圭敓鐗╀綋鏉ヨ,鍛煎惛浣滅敤鐨勭敓鐞嗘剰涔夎〃鐜板湪涓や釜鏂归潰:涓鏄负鐢熺墿浣撶殑鐢熷懡娲诲姩鎻愪緵鑳介噺,浜屾槸涓轰綋鍐呭叾瀹鍖栧悎鐗鐨勫悎鎴愭彁渚涘師鏂欍 绗洓绔 鐢熷懡娲诲姩鐨勮皟鑺 42.鍚戝厜鎬у疄楠屽彂鐜:鎰熷彈鍏夊埡婵鐨勯儴浣嶅湪鑳氳娊闉樺皷绔,鑰屽悜鍏夊集鏇茬殑閮ㄤ綅鍦ㄥ皷绔笅闈㈢殑涓娈点 43.鐢熼暱绱犲妞嶇墿鐢熼暱鐨勫奖鍝嶅線寰鍏锋湁涓ら噸鎬с傝繖涓庣敓闀跨礌鐨勬祿搴﹂珮浣庡拰...
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