(\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u6587\u96c6)\u597d\u8bcd\u597d\u53e5
\u6211\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u53f6\u5723\u9676(1894--1988)\uff0c\u540d\u7ecd\u94a7\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u82cf\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u5bb6\u505a\u8d26\u623f\uff0c\u5bb6\u5883\u6e05\u82e6\u30021907\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u8349\u6865\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u7b49\u5c0f\u5b66\u5f53\u6559\u5458\u30021914\u5e74\u88ab\u6392\u6324\u51fa\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u95f2\u5c45\u671f\u95f4\u4f5c\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u793c\u62dc\u516d\u300b\u7b49\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u30021915\u5e74\u79cb\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u9644\u8bbe\u7684\u5c1a\u516c\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u56fd\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u7f16\u5c0f\u5b66\u56fd\u6587\u8bfe\u672c\u30021917\u5e74\u5e94\u8058\u5230\u5434\u53bf\u89d2\u76f4\u53bf\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e94\u9ad8\u7b49\u5c0f\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u89d2\u76f4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6545\u4e61\u30021921\u5e74\u4e0e\u6c88\u96c1\u51b0\u3001\u90d1\u632f\u94ce\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u66fe\u4e0e\u590f\u4e0f\u5c0a\u5408\u4f5c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5199\u4f5c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6587\u5fc3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u51fa\u7248\u603b\u7f72\u526f\u7f72\u957f\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u793e\u957f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7b49\u804c\uff0c\u5e76\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u548c\u6c11\u8fdb\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002
\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e08\u53f6\u5723\u9676
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u540c\u5fd7\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8a89\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e08\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4e4b\u65e0\u6127\u7684\u3002
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u754c\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u524d\u671f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u5efa\u7687\u671d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c01\u5efa\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f0a\u5bb3\u6709\u5207\u80a4\u4e4b\u611f\uff1b\u4e2d\u95f4\u53c8\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e94\u56db\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b64\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5e7b\u65e0\u5b9a\u7684\u98ce\u4e91\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u8de8\u8fdb\u4e86\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u3001\u5916\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6df1\u5207\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f53\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5927\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u548c\u5bc6\u53cb\uff0c\u5982\u89d2\u76f4\u4e94\u9ad8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5434\u5bbe\u82e5\u3001\u738b\u4f2f\u7965\uff0c\u5434\u6dde\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8212\u65b0\u57ce\u3001\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u3001\u5468\u4e88\u540c\u3001\u5218\u5ef6\u9675\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4e00\u5e08\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u590f\u4e0f\u5c0a\u3001\u9648\u671b\u9053\u3001\u4e30\u5b50\u607a\u4ee5\u53ca\u987e\u9889\u521a\u3001\u90ed\u7ecd\u865e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u540c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6587\u754c\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u624d\u534e\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u5c31\u5353\u8d8a\u3001\u8d21\u732e\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u754c\u5de8\u5320\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5353\u7edd\u54c1\u683c\u3002
\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5bf9\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4e00\u4ee3\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd5\u751f\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u90fd\u7528\u6765\u8003\u8651\u548c\u7b79\u5212\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u90e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u811a\u8e0f\u5b9e\u5730\u7684\u5b9e\u5e72\u5bb6\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u7f16\u4e00\u672c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u56fd\u6587\u8bfe\u672c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u6765\u5199\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4f4d\u871a\u58f0\u6d77\u5185\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u80fd\u4eb2\u81ea\u6267\u7b14\u4e3a\u5c11\u5e74\u513f\u7ae5\u64b0\u5199\u6210\u5957\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u8bfe\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u548c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u7231\uff0c\u80fd\u529e\u5230\u5417?\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u300140\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u5c40\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u520a\u7269\u90fd\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u521a\u51fa\u7248\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4fbf\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u520a\u3002\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u4efb\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u542b\u8f9b\u8339\u82e6\uff0c\u7adf\u575a\u6301\u4e8610\u4f59\u5e74\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u201c\u9971\u542c\u654c\u4eba\u98de\u673a\u91cd\u70ae\u4e4b\u58f0\uff0c\u611f\u6124\u586b\u81ba\u201d\uff1b\u5341\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd4\u56de\u5bd3\u6240\uff0c\u201c\u5219\u524d\u57a3\u5c3d\u584c\uff1a\u697c\u4e4b\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u7a97\u6a90\u5982\u524a\uff0c\u627f\u5c18\u6bc1\u5815\uff0c\u65ad\u677f\u7eb5\u6a2a\u2026\u2026\u654c\u4eba\u4e8e\u5c45\u5ba4\u5185\u5668\u7269\uff0c\u4e2d\u5176\u610f\u5373\u652b\u4e4b\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u968f\u624b\u635f\u6bc1\uff0c\u7565\u4e0d\u987e\u60dc\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u56fd\u7834\u5bb6\u6bc1\uff0c\u5fe7\u5fc3\u5982\u711a\u7684\u65f6\u65e5\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ba4\u4e3a\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u97e7\u5730\u636e\u5b88\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u300b\u8fd9\u5757\u54fa\u80b2\u4e2d\u534e\u513f\u5973\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u9635\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u540c\u4f34\u4eec\u7684\u8d64\u8bda\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u5411\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5ba3\u4f20\u6297\u65e5\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u70ed\u60c5\uff08\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u5f6d\u52a0\u747e\u300a\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u300b\uff09\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u5168\u9762\u6297\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u8f97\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4e8b\u8270\u96be\u5173\u5934\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5fd8\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u5148\u662f\u4e0e\u8305\u76fe\u7b49\u5408\u7f16\u300a\u5c11\u5e74\u5148\u950b\u300b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u514b\u670d\u91cd\u91cd\u56f0\u96be\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u6218\u65f6\u534a\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u957f\u800c\u5455\u5fc3\u6ca5\u8840\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6df1\u60c5\u539a\u7231\u3002
\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u662f\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u5374\u5e38\u4ee5\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u9898\u6750\uff1b\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u8bfe\u5916\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u957f\u7bc7\u300a\u502a\u7115\u4e4b\u300b\u548c\u77ed\u7bc7\u300a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u300a\u6f58\u5148\u751f\u5728\u96be\u4e2d\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u300a\u502a\u7115\u4e4b\u300b\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u672c\u5927\u578b\u671f\u520a\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u6587\u827a\u201d\u4e13\u680f\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u6559\u80b2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5728\u6587\u575b\u4e0a\u521d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u7684\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7ae5\u8bdd\u300a\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u300b\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u77f3\u50cf\u300b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6563\u6587\u548c\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u8df3\u52a8\u7740\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u7684\u70bd\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\u3002
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u53f6\u8001\u5df2\u4e5d\u65ec\u9ad8\u9f84\uff0c\u8fd8\u5341\u5206\u5173\u5fc3\u56db\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u5173\u5fc3\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u81ea1980\u5e74\u5143\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u62a5\u300b\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u56ed\u5730\u201d\u680f\u8fde\u8f7d\u768413\u7bc7\u300a\u6674\u7a97\u968f\u7b14\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u770b\u4e66\u62a5\u773c\u955c\u548c\u653e\u5927\u955c\u5e76\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e0d\u695a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7bc7\u7bc7\u51dd\u805a\u7740\u53f6\u8001\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u81f3\u60c5\u81f3\u7231\u3002
\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5177\u6709\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u517b\u3002
\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u628a\u63e1\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u6c42\u8005\u6709\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u517b\u3002\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5728\u5b66\u8bc6\u548c\u7d20\u517b\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u65e2\u662f\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6559\u5458\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff1b\u65e2\u662f\u540d\u566a\u6587\u575b\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u3002\u4ece\u6559\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u5404\u7ea7\u5404\u7c7b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4ece\u5b69\u7ae5\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8bed\u6587\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u9886\u4f1a\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u6bb5\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4ece\u7f16\u8f91\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7f16\u8fc7\u8bfe\u672c\uff0c\u7f16\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u4e13\u4e1a\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u7f16\u8fc7\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u7f16\u8fc7\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u79d1\u8bfb\u7269\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5178\u7c4d\u6709\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u66fe\u7f16\u8fc7\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u7d22\u5f15\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u3008\u8340\u5b50\u3009\u9009\u6ce8\u300b\u300a\u3008\u5468\u59dc\u8bcd\u3009\u9009\u6ce8\u300b\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u53e4\u7c4d\u9009\u672c\uff1b\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u9020\u8be3\u66f4\u662f\u56fd\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\u3002\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b57\u8bad\u8bc2\u3001\u8bcd\u6cd5\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u903b\u8f91\u4e43\u81f3\u6587\u7ae0\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u901a\uff1b\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u88ab\u4eba\u5c0a\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u4e25\u8c28\u4eb2\u5207\uff0c\u9648\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u9542\u523b\u6df1\u7ec6\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u201c\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ca\u201d\uff08\u4e01\u73b2\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d20\u517b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u591a\u4fa7\u9762\u3001\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5730\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002
\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u95fb\u535a\u91c7\u800c\u53c8\u59cb\u7ec8\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\u3002
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u5728\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u867d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u884c\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u5148\u8fdb\u5b66\u8bf4\u3001\u5148\u8fdb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6d88\u5316\u3001\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6ecb\u517b\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u957f\u53ef\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u6ee1\u3001\u66f4\u5145\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5207\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f15\u8fdb\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u7684\u4e3a\u4eba\u3001\u8c08\u5410\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8868\u8ff0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u662f\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u59cb\u7ec8\u6b65\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e3a\u4eba\u5904\u4e16\u8bb2\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8bda\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8b\u8c26\u900a\u800c\u660e\u5f7b\u3001\u6734\u5b9e\u800c\u654f\u9510\uff0c\u6c89\u7a33\u800c\u70ed\u70c8\u3002\u4ed6\u65e9\u572820\u5e74\u4ee3\u521a\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u8bda\u201d\u7acb\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5e38\u89c9\u5f97\u2018\u8bda\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5fc5\u5177\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u5d07\u5c1a\u771f\u8bda\uff0c\u75db\u6068\u4f2a\u9970\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b3a\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u5a9a\u4fd7\uff0c\u575a\u4fe1\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u575a\u4fe1\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u51b3\u4e0d\u80af\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u4e91\u7684\u53d8\u5e7b\u800c\u8f7b\u6613\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1b\u9664\u975e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u662f\u60f3\u9519\u770b\u9519\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e08\u8868\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u662f\u96be\u80fd\u53ef\u8d35\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002
\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4ee5\u201c\u8bda\u201d\u4e3a\u505a\u4eba\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u597d\u6559\u4e66\u4e0e\u80b2\u4eba\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f5c\u6587\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f46\u66f4\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u5019\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u6620\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u5faa\u7740\u5185\u5728\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5374\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u6574\u672c\u7684\u4e66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u6750\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u524d\u671f\u540e\u671f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u53e3\u5934\u8bed\u548c\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e5f\u8f83\u4e4b\u524d\u671f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u5168\u9762\u3002\u800c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ee5\u201c\u8bda\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e00\u751f\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u6df1\u5e7f\u3001\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u66f4\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e7f\u5927\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3002
* \u539f\u8f7d\u300a\u5e08\u8303\u6559\u80b2\u300b1984\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002
\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u4e3b\u8981\u7b14\u540d\u6709\u53f6\u9676\u3001\u5723\u9676\u3001\u6842\u5c71\u7b49\uff0c1914\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u4f5c\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c1918\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u8868\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6563\u6587\u3001\u6742\u6587\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
\u300a\u6625\u5bb4\u7410\u8c2d\u300b\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4
\u300a\u502a\u7115\u4e4b\u300b\uff1a\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4
\u300a\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u300b\uff1a\u65e9\u5e74\u7ae5\u8bdd\u96c6
\u300a\u9694\u819c\u300b\uff1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u96c6
\u300a\u706b\u707e\u300b\uff1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u96c6
\u62a5\u7ae0\u6742\u5fd7
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u66fe\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u4e3b\u7b14\u6216\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a
\u300a\u793c\u62dc\u516d\u300b
\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u65f6\u4e8b\u65b0\u62a5\u300b
\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b
\u300a\u6587\u5b66\u5468\u62a5\u300b
\u300a\u516c\u7406\u65e5\u62a5\u300b
\u300a\u56fd\u6587\u6708\u520a\u300b
\u300a\u82cf\u5dde\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b
\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b
\u300a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6708\u62a5\u300b
\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u300b
\u300a\u5f00\u660e\u5c11\u5e74\u300b
\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u300b
\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u300b
\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u6587\u300b
\u300a\u8bd7\u300b
\u300a\u5149\u660e\u300b
\u300a\u56fd\u6587\u6742\u5fd7\u300b
\u300a\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u6218\u65f6\u534a\u6708\u520a\u300b
\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986
\u89d2\u76f4\u9547\u7684\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u516c\u56ed\u53f6\u5723\u9676\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82cf\u5dde\u5434\u4e2d\u533a\u89d2\u76f4\u4fdd\u5723\u5bfa\u897f\u56ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4ed61917\u5e74\u52301922\u5e74\u4efb\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u53bf\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e94\u9ad8\u7b49\u5c0f\u5b66\u539f\u5740\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u767d\u5929\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u548c\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6709\u8bd7\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u8bd7\uff0c\u6709\u753b\u5bb6\u628a\u5b83\u753b\u6210\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u753b\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u8bd7\u4eba\u559d\u4e86\u9152\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9189\u4e86\uff1b\u753b\u5bb6\u5462\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u62b1\u7740\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u4e50\u5668\u4f4e\u4f4e\u5730\u5531\uff1a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5de5\u592b\u5230\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u6765\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8c01\u628a\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u591c\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u548c\u60c5\u5f62\u544a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4eec\u5462\uff1f\u6709\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u624b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u4e14\u4e0d\u95ee\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u4e00\u53e5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u662f\u519c\u4eba\u4eb2\u624b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u5b50\u662f\u7af9\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u7ec6\u7af9\u679d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u808c\u8089\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u662f\u9694\u5e74\u7684\u9ec4\u7a3b\u8349\u3002\u7834\u7af9\u7bee\u5b50\u3001\u6b8b\u8377\u53f6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4ed6\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\uff1b\u5e3d\u5b50\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8138\u5e73\u677f\u677f\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u54ea\u91cc\u662f\u9f3b\u5b50\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u662f\u773c\u775b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u6ca1\u6709\u624b\u6307\uff0c\u5374\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u628a\u7834\u6247\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u62ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7528\u7ebf\u62f4\u4f4f\u6247\u67c4\uff0c\u6302\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u5b50\u957f\u5f97\u5f88\uff0c\u811a\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u519c\u4eba\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u63d2\u5728\u7530\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u6ce5\u571f\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6574\u5929\u6574\u591c\u7ad9\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u5c3d\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8981\u662f\u62ff\u725b\u8ddf\u4ed6\u6bd4\uff0c\u725b\u6bd4\u4ed6\u61d2\u6020\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u62ac\u8d77\u5934\u770b\u5929\u3002\u8981\u662f\u62ff\u72d7\u8ddf\u4ed6\u6bd4\uff0c\u72d7\u6bd4\u4ed6\u987d\u76ae\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u8dd1\uff0c\u7d2f\u5f97\u4e3b\u4eba\u56db\u5916\u53bb\u627e\u5bfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5acc\u70e6\uff0c\u8c61\u725b\u90a3\u6837\u8eba\u7740\u770b\u5929\uff1b\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u8d2a\u73a9\uff0c\u8c61\u72d7\u90a3\u6837\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u8dd1\u3002\u4ed6\u5b89\u5b89\u9759\u9759\u5730\u770b\u7740\u7530\u5730\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u6247\u5b50\u8f7b\u8f7b\u6447\u52a8\uff0c\u8d76\u8d70\u90a3\u4e9b\u98de\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u96c0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u5403\u65b0\u7ed3\u7684\u7a3b\u7a57\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5750\u4e0b\u6b47\u4e00\u6b47\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80af\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u76f4\u633a\u633a\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u591c\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u548c\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5f97\u6700\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u9732\u6c34\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u6d12\u5728\u8349\u53f6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9732\u6c34\u7684\u5473\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u9999\u751c\uff1b\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u661f\u661f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7728\u773c\uff0c\u6708\u4eae\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7b11\uff1b\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u591c\u95f4\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u6c89\u9759\uff0c\u82b1\u8349\u6811\u6728\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u9163\u7761\uff1b\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u866b\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4f60\u627e\u6211\u3001\u6211\u627e\u4f60\uff0c\u8774\u8776\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u604b\u7231\uff1a\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u591c\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4ed6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5f97\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u3002
