初中英语语法句型 初中英语语法、短语以及句型
\u521d\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u5927\u5168\u9009\u4e8610\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u53e5\u5f0f,\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9.
1.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do \u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u540e\u53bb\u505a\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002
stop doing \u505c\u6b62\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002
They stop to smoke a cigarette. \u4ed6\u4eec\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u62bd\u4e86\u6839\u70df\u3002
I must stop smoking. \u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6212\u70df\u4e86\u3002
2.forget doing/to do
forget to do \u5fd8\u8bb0\u8981\u53bb\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002 (\u672a\u505a)
forget doing \u5fd8\u8bb0\u505a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002 (\u5df2\u505a)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u706f\u8fd8\u5728\u4eae\u7740\uff0c\u5b83\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5173\u4e86\u3002(\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5173\u706f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c)
He forgot turning the light off.
\u4ed6\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u4e86\u706f\u4e86\u3002 ( \u5df2\u505a\u8fc7\u5173\u706f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u660e\u5929\u6765\u3002 (to come\u52a8\u4f5c\u672a\u505a)
3.go on doing/to do
go on to do \u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u505a\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002
go on doing \u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u539f\u6765\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
After he had finished his maths\uff0che went on to do his physics.
\u505a\u5b8c\u6570\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u53bb\u505a\u7269\u7406\u3002
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
\u4f5c\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec3\u4e60\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60
4.\u611f\u5b98\u52a8\u8bcd + doing/to do
\u611f\u5b98\u52a8\u8bcd see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff1b+doing \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6027
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
\u6628\u5929\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u5728\u82b1\u56ed\u91cc\u5e72\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002(\u5f3a\u8c03"\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u4e86"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03"\u6211\u89c1\u4ed6\u6b63\u5e72\u6d3b"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff09
\u6628\u5929\u6211\u89c1\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u82b1\u56ed\u91cc\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
1\uff09They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
\u7b54\u6848\uff1aA\u3002\u56e0\u9898\u610f\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u7740\u5979\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u6210\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b63\u5728\u957f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528see sb do sth \u7684\u53e5\u578b\u3002
2\uff09The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
\u7b54\u6848A. \u672c\u9898\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u73a9\uff0c\u5e94\u6b64\u7528see sb. doing sth\u53e5\u578b\u3002
5.used to / be used to
used to + do\uff1a"\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u5e38"\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u5e38\u6563\u6b65)
be used to + doing\uff1a \u5bf9\u2026\u2026\u5df2\u611f\u5230\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6216"\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e"\uff0cto\u662f\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u540e\u9700\u52a0\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(\u73b0\u5728\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u6563\u6b65)
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
\u7b54\u6848A. \u672c\u53e5\u867d\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u8bed\u610f\u4e0a\u770b \u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u542c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u61c2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3002
6.need/want/require/worth
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53 need, want, require, worth(\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd)\u540e\u9762\u63a5doing\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u3002
Your hair wants cutting. \u4f60\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u8be5\u7406\u4e86\u3002
The floor requires washing. \u5730\u677f\u9700\u8981\u51b2\u6d17\u3002
The book is worth reading. \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bfb\u3002
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
\u7b54\u6848A. need (\u5b9e\u610f) +n /to do\uff0cneed (\u60c5\u6001)+ do\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53efneed + doing. \u672c\u9898\u8003\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u9009A\u3002\u5982\u6709to be clean \u5219\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002
\u5178\uff1adone\uff0c"\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf"\u3002must not do \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6)\u3002
7.so, neither, nor\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5
\u8868\u793a"\u4e5f"\u3001"\u4e5f\u4e0d" \u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5\u3002
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
\u7b54\u6848\uff1aB. nor\u4e3a\u589e\u8865\u610f\u601d"\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3"\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53e5\u5b50\u5e94\u5012\u88c5\u3002A\u9519\u5728\u7528 don't \u518d\u6b21\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c C neither \u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fde\u8bcd\u3002 D\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fde\u8bcd\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a \u5f53so\u5f15\u51fa\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u80af\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u610f\u4e3a"\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64"\u3002
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
8.as, though \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u53e5
as / though\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u4ece\u53e5\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8868\u8bed\u6216\u72b6\u8bed\u63d0\u524d \uff08\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd, \u526f\u8bcd, \u5206\u8bcd, \u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd\u63d0\u524d\uff09\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
1) \u53e5\u9996\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002
2) \u53e5\u9996\u662f\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd, \u5176\u4ed6\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u540e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u72b6\u8bed, \u968f\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\u3002
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
\u6ce8\u610f:
\u8ba9\u6b65\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709though\uff0calthough\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709but\uff0c\u4f46\u662f though \u548cyet\u53ef\u8fde\u7528\u3002
9.\u6bd4\u8f83if only\u4e0eonly if
only if\u8868\u793a"\u53ea\u6709"\uff1bif only\u5219\u8868\u793a"\u5982\u679c\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u597d\u4e86"\u3002If only\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. \u53ea\u6709\u95f9\u949f\u54cd\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u4f1a\u9192\u3002
If only the alarm clock had rung. \u5f53\u65f6\u95f9\u949f\u54cd\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
If only he comes early. \u4f46\u613f\u4ed6\u65e9\u70b9\u56de\u6765\u3002
10.begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1) \u8c08\u53ca\u4e00\u9879\u957f\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u79cd\u4e60\u60ef\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
\u4f60\u51e0\u5c81\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u5f39\u94a2\u7434\uff1f
2) begin, start\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0fto do
I was beginning to get angry\u3002
\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u8d77\u6c14\u6765\u3002
3) \u5728attempt, intend, begin, start \u540e\u63a5know, understand, realize\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0fto do\u3002
I begin to understand the truth\u3002
\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u660e\u767d\u771f\u76f8\u3002
4) \u7269\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6
It began to melt.
http://www.iselong.com/online/Grammar-Dictionary/index.htm
例：I(We) like the music.
若主语是第三人称单数时 动词加“S”
例：Danny looks like his mother.
一般过去式：就是把动词改变为动词的过去式，这个要注意背的。
例：I saw you yesterday.
现在完成时：主语是第一人称或者第二人称 动词形式：have done
主语是第三人称单数 动词形式：has done
过去完成时：就是把现在完成时的 have has变成had
一般将来时：will+动词原形
用助动词的话一般是否定句吧！
加“S”你指的是名词还是动词？名词当然是可数名词的复数加了。如果是动词则是看主语，前面的一般现在时提到的。
最佳答案英语讲义(28)人称代词主格与宾格的选择方法
英语中的人称代词（Personal Pronouns）有主格、宾格和所有格之 分，如：
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。
顾名思义，主格（The nominative case）用作主语，宾格（The objective case）用作宾语，所有 格（The possessive case）则表示所有之物。
在实际运用中，主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题：
⒈在复合结构里，人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时，没有问题，如很少人会犯下这样的错误：
*（1）Wilcox spoke to I.
*（2）Her knew what had happened.
但在复合结构中，错误就难免了，如：
*（3）Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*（4）He and her knew what had happened.
*（5）This is between you and he.
这种错误是可避免的。第一，在有介词的复合结构中，特别要注意，第二个人称代词，必须用宾语，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二，试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来，那么该用的格就容易辨别了，如：
（6）This message is for （My father and） I or me.
（7）（Marry and） he or him went downtown together.
显然的，（5）里的代词是宾格的"me", （6）里的代词是主格的"he".
⒉在比较结构里，连接词"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口语中，人们常用宾格形式，学美式英语者，更是如此：
（8）a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
（9）a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
（a）和（b）两种说法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话，这时的人称代词，就必须是主格，如下：
（10）You did as well as she did.
（11）I am older than he is .
此外，还有一点要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好，用宾格也可，但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较（a）和（b）：
（12）a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
（12）a和b都被接受，但（12）a等于（13）a，而（12）b等于（13）B：
（13）a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did （= I praised Maria）.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
显然，这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形，为了避免误解，不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说，必要的话，要用（13）这句子。
不然，把（13）a变成（14）, （13）b变成（15）也可：
（14）I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
（15）Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
主格通常表示动词的主语。主格在拉丁语和古英语中都有。现在的英语中仍然存在于与宾格相反的主格代名词：I（宾格为me）、we（宾格为us）、he（宾格为him）、she（宾格为her）以及they（宾格为them）。古英语的用法包括ye（宾格为you）以及单数第二人称代词thou（宾格为thee）。
宾格表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语。
名词词尾变化较少的英语，在少数一些代词中存在宾格（例如，whom是who的宾格形式；him是he的宾格形式）。但是英文的名词中，主格和宾格形式完全一致，没有任何变化，因此必须通过“SVO”的结构，区分主语和宾语。德语或拉丁语就不需要这样。
举例： 英文： The hunter kills the tiger. The tiger kills the hunter. （猎人杀死了老虎。/老虎杀死了猎人。）此二句中，谁是主语，谁是宾语，完全是由语序的正反区别的（和汉语一样）。因此这两句的主宾相反是因为语序相反造成的。
who/whom和he/him在英语中不仅仅是主格和宾格的关系，也是主格和与格的关系（例如：I gave him the present.等等），在古英语中，有很明显的区分：him是与格，hine是宾格。这个双重性使得很多英语学生没有意识到英语中宾格和与格的不同。
1.人称代词的主格作主语,宾格作动词的宾语和介词的宾语。例:
They have English lessons on Saturday. 他们星期六上英语课。
The teacher asked them to stay in the classroom. 老师叫他们呆在教室里。
We are listening to them. 我们在听他们说话。
2.人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中。例:
“Who is knocking at the door? ” “It's me. ” “谁在敲门?”“是我。”
在很正式的英语中也用主格,可以说:It is I. 只有一个词的句子用宾格:
“Who wants to try?” “ Me.” “谁想试一试?”“我。”
在“it + be + 代词 + 定语从句”结构中,用宾格是随便的说法,用主格是非常正式的说法。例:
It was me/ I who broke the window. 是我打破了玻璃窗。
为了避免太正式或太随便,我们可以用别的句式来表达。
例: I was the one / person who broke the window.
3.人称代词处在动词之前,会影响选用主格还是用宾格。
例如 but和except 既可作介词也可作连词,因此在but或except之后,用主格还是用宾格就要慎重。
例: No one but / except I read the book. No one read the book but / except me / I. (me 比I 更常见)
只有我读过这本书。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1） 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2） 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 （主格----主格）
I thought it to be her. （宾格----宾格）
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 （主格----主格）
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 （宾格----宾格）
主格代词和宾格代词的用法是近几年高考试题考查的热点之一，许多考生因为没有掌握好这方面的知识而常常出错失分。请先看下面这道高考题：
（ NMET 2003 ）－ Susan， go and join your sister cleancing the yard.
－ Why ______？ John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
此题的正确答案是 D .
下面我们探讨一下在什么情况下用主格代词，在什么情况下用宾格代词。
1. 英语口语中习惯上用人称代词的宾格作表语。例如：
It's me. 是我。（ It's I. 为正式用法。）
What would you do if you were him？
如果你是他，你怎么办？
I didn't expect the winner to be her.
我没有料到获胜者会是她。
2. 宾格代词常出现在下面这样的感叹句中：
（ 1 ）－ He's got to repay the money.
他必须偿还这笔钱。
－ Poor him！ 他真倒霉！
（ 2 ）－ She won the match. 她赢得了比赛。
－ Lucky her！ 她真走运！
3. 如果作主语的人称代词孤立地用于无谓语动词的句子中，常用宾格代词。在省略句中通常用宾格代词。例如：
（ 1 ）－ I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。
－ Me， too. 我也喜欢。
（ 2 ）－ Who wants a lift to the station？
谁想搭便车去车站？
－ Me！
我！
（ 3 ）－ Does anybody want another orange？
谁还要桔子？
－ Me！ 我要！
4. 作主语的人称代词与 not 或 why 连用时，常用宾格代词。例如：
（ 1 ）－ Someone will have to answer for it.
有人会为此负责。
－ Not you or me.
不是你也不是我。
（ 2 ）－ Why me？ 为什么是我？
－ I was no duty yesterday.
我昨天值班了。
值得注意的是，在上述句式中，通常用第一人称代词的宾格作主语，其它人称的代词较少见。
5. 在 as 和 than 后面也有用主格代词或宾格代词两种可能性。在口语里习惯上用宾格代词，在正式文体中用主格代词。例如：
My younger brother is as tall as me. / My younger brother is as tall as I （ am ） .
我弟弟和我一样高。
He is much stronger than me. / He is much stronger than I （ am ） .
他比我强壮得多。
6. 在强调句中有用主格代词或宾格代词作主语两种可能性。在正式文体中用主格代词，在非正式文体中用宾格代词。例如：
It was me that told the police.
是我告诉警察的。（非正式文体）
It is I who will take charge of the class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午将由我主持班会。（正式文体）
7. 在非正式文体中，可以用 who 代替 whom 作宾语，但在正式文体中多用 whom 作宾语，而在介词后面只能用 whom 作宾语。例如：
Who are you going with？
你和谁一起去？（非正式文体）
Whom do you decide to send to the countryside？
你们决定派谁去农村？（正式文体）
在一般现在时，主语为he,she,it的时候，动词后面要加s或es或去y加ies 主语+动词的三单形式
一般过去式：主语+动词的过去时
一般将来时：主语+will+动词原形或主语+be going to 动词原形
过去进行时：主语+be(was,were)+动词ing
现在进行时：主语+be(am,is,are)+动词ing
句型：在一般现在时，主语为he,she,it的时候，动词后面要加s或es或去y加ies 主语+动词的三单形式
一般过去式：主语+动词的过去时
一般将来时：主语+will+动词原形或主语+be going to 动词原形
过去进行时：主语+be(was,were)+动词ing
现在进行时：主语+be(am,is,are)+动词ing
在倒装句型中一般会借助助动词
句子的主语是第三人称时谓语动词加s，可数名词复数形式也要加s，特殊名词除外
单数第三人称用S
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