什么是自由基? 自由基是什么?

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\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Denham Harman\u57281956\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u65e9\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b54\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5341\u800c\u7acb\u201d\u8bf4\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6e05\u9664\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e09\u5341\u5c81\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u6e05\u9664\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u201c\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u201d\uff0c\u6b65\u5165\u4e09\u5341\u5c81\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u6e05\u9664\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5448\u73b0\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u4e09\u5341\u5c81\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u4e2d\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u6e05\u9664\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8870\u8001\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u591a\u53d1\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u8089\u773c\u53ef\u89c1\u3002

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自由基化学上也称为游离基,是含有一个不成对电子的原子团。自由基可以是带有正电或负电荷的离子,也可以是作为分子片段的基团,其共同特征是最外层的电子不成对。自由基本身大多极不稳定,寿命极短,化学活泼性很强。



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