a 的用法,详细一点最好 a little、little、a few、few 的区别与...

\u51a0\u8bcda an the\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1f\u8d8a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u591a\u4e3e\u70b9\u4f8b\u5b50\u2026

\u51a0\u8bcd\u662f\u7528\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bf4\u660e\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u8fd8\u662f\u7279\u6307\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u51a0\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u8bcd\u3002 \u51a0\u8bcd\u5206\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\uff08The Indefinite Article\uff09\u548c\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\uff08The Definite Article\uff09a, an\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\uff0cthe\u662f\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 an, a\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u5728\u5355\u6570\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6570\u76ee\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002a\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\uff08\u6307\u8f85\u97f3\u97f3\u7d20\uff09\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c an\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\uff08\u6307\u5143\u7d20\u97f3\u7d20\uff09\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a a boy an hour a history class an island a university an elephant a hero an old man \u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a 1. \u8868\u793a\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b A steel worker makes steel. A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. \u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 This is an apple. His father is a teacher. 3. \u6cdb\u6307\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u4f55\u4eba\u4f55\u7269\u3002 A comrade is waiting for you downstairs. I met an old man on my way to school. 4. \u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d He will be back in a day or two. He tried to send a picture of a face. 5. \u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6bcf\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d We have three meals a day. \u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65e5\u4e09\u5c81. He walks ten miles an hour. \u4ed6\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u8d7010\u82f1\u91cc\u3002 We have six classes a day. \u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5929\u4e0a\u516d\u8282\u8bfe\u3002 He drives the car at thirty miles an hour. \u5982\u679c\u628a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u628a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u53bb\u6389\u8fd8\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u8865\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u8bcd\u6216\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08some, any\uff09 The plan will be ready in a few days. \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u51e0\u4e2a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67d0\u51e0\u4e2a\u201d\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002 \u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a \u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcdthe\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u7279\u6307\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u522b\u4e8e\u540c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u90a3\u4e2a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8fde\u7528\u3002\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u97f3\u7d20\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\u8bfb[? ]\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\u97f3\u7d20\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\u8bfb[i ] ,\u5728\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u65f6\u8bfb[i:]\u3002 II\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a 1. \u7279\u6307\u67d0\uff08\u4e9b\uff09\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\uff08\u4e9b\uff09\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 Give me the book. Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li? How do you like the film. Have you got the letter? 2. \u6307\u8c08\u8bdd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 Where is the teacher? Open the door. 3. \u590d\u8ff0\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday. 4. \u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7b49\uff08\u6708\u4eae\u3001\u5730\u7403\u3001\u5929\u7a7a\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\uff09 The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. the globe, the universe. the atmosphere\u5927\u6c14\u5c42 5. \u7528\u5728\u65b9\u4f4d\u540d\u8bcd\u524d in the south, in the west ,in the north 6. \u7528\u5728\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\u6216\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u524d The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 7\u3001\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u201c\u8f83\u2026\u2026\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u65f6\u7528\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd The older of the two noblemen took a light. He is the taller of the two boys. 8. \u7528\u5728\u5355\u6570\u53ef\u6570\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 The horse is a useful animal. 9. \u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u7528\u5728\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf 10. \u51a0\u8bcd\u53ef\u7528\u5728\u515a\u6d3e\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u540d\u8bcd\u524d The Chinese people\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf The working class \u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7 The Communist Party 11\u3001\u7528\u5728\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u524d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8fd9\u4e00\u59d3\u7684\u592b\u5987\u4e8c\u4eba\u3002 The Lius live upstairs. The Johns are watching TV. 12\u3001\u5728\u4e50\u5668\u524d\u52a0the the piano the violin 13\u3001\u5728\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d in the morning in the afternoon 14\u3001\u5728\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u540e\u6709\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u540e\u7f6e\u5b9a\u8bed The man standing by the gate is Li Feng. 15\u3001\u4ee3\u66ff\u6240\u6709\u683c\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 He received a blow on the head \u4ed6\u5934\u4e0a\u6328\u4e86\u4e00\u51fb\u3002 John\u2019s brother took him by the hand. \u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u7275\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u3002 16\u3001\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 In the 1980s\u6216in the 1980\u2019s 20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3 in the nineteenth century \u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa 17\u3001\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u51a0\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002 1. \u5728\u6c5f\u6cb3\u3001\u5c71\u8109\u3001\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u3001\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u6d77\u5ce1\u3001\u6d77\u6e7e\u8fd0\u6cb3\u524d\u7528the\u3002 the Changjang River \u957f\u6c5f the Hudson River \u54c8\u5f97\u5b59\u6cb3 the West Lake \u897f\u6e56 the Pacific Ocean \u592a\u5e73\u6d0b the Yellow Sea \u9ec4\u6d77 the Suez Canal \u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3 the English Channel \u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1 the Persian Gulf \u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e the British Isles \u5e03\u5217\u98a0\u7fa4\u5c9b 2. \u5728\u542b\u6709\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u7528the\u3002 the Great Wall \u957f\u57ce the Summer Palace \u9890\u548c\u56ed the United States \u7f8e\u56fd the October Revolution \u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b the Long March \u957f\u5f81 3. \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u524d the Great Hall of the People \u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u5802 the Museum of Chinese History \u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986 4. \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u524d the United Nations \u8054\u5408\u56fd the Department of Education \u6559\u80b2\u90e8 \u2464\u8282\u65e5\u540d\uff1aNew Year\u2019s Day \u65b0\u5e74\uff0c\u5143\u65e6 Women\u2019s Day \u5987\u5973\u8282 Labour Day \u52b3\u52a8\u8282 Children\u2019s Day\u513f\u7ae5\u8282 April Fools\u2019 Day\u611a\u4eba\u8282 National Day\u56fd\u5e86\u8282 Thanksgiving Day\u611f\u6069\u8282 Christmas Day\u5723\u8bde\u8282 \u4f46\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u524d\u7528\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd the Spring Festival\u6625\u8282 the Mid-Autumn Festival\u4e2d\u79cb\u8282 \u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u52a0\u51a0\u8bcd 1. \u8857\u540d\uff1aWang Fu Jing Street\u738b\u5e9c\u4e95\u5927\u8857 Naking Road\u5357\u4eac\u8def 2. \u5e7f\u573a\u540d\uff1aTian An Men Square\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a 3. \u516c\u56ed\u540d\uff1aPei Hai Park\u5317\u6d77\u516c\u56ed Hyde Park\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u56ed 4. \u5927\u5b66\u540d\uff1aBeijing University\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66 Zhejiang University\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66 \u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd 1. \u5728\u7269\u8d28\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle. 2. \u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u52a0\u51a0\u8bcd Canada, Beijing \uff0cLei Feng 3. \u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u6709\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u4fee\u9970\u65f6 this\uff0c my\uff0cthat\uff0c those\uff0c these\uff0c her 4\u3001\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u5b63\u8282\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd Sunday March summer winter 5\u3001\u5728\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd Horses are useful animals. My mother and father are school teachers. 6\u3001\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u5188\u4f4d\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4eba\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6216\u73b0\u523b\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u6216\u5934\u8854\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 He is chairman of the Students\u2019 Union. \u4ed6\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002 They elected him president of the U.S. \u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u4ed6\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u5927\u4f53\u662f\u6307\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u201c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e3b\u4efb\u201d\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u8981\u52a0\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 She is a teacher of English in our school. \u5979\u662f\u6211\u6821\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u5e08 7\u3001\u5728\u4e09\u9910\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 breakfast, lunch, supper \u5982\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u524d\u6709\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4fee\u9970\u53ef\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 I had a good lunch yesterday. I have breakfast at 7 every day. 8\u3001\u5728\u7403\u7c7b\uff0c\u68cb\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002 Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess \u203b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u4e0d\u7528\u51a0\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6709\u5b9a\u8bed\u4fee\u9970\u52a0the\u3002 He is fond of music. The music of the film is very beautiful. Science is making rapid progress in China. \u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 Physics is the science of matter and energe. \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002

\u91c7\u7eb3\u54e6

"A little" \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\u3002"Little" \u8868\u793a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002"A few" \u8868\u793a\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\u3002"Few" \u8868\u793a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u91ca\u4e49\u3001\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002

1. \u91ca\u4e49\u533a\u522b\uff1a
"A little"\uff08\u4e00\u70b9\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\u3002"Little"\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u5c11\u8bb8\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u6216\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002"A few"\uff08\u51e0\u4e2a\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\u3002"Few"\uff08\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u6216\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002
\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a
He has a little money left in his wallet.\uff08\u4ed6\u94b1\u5305\u91cc\u8fd8\u5269\u4e00\u70b9\u94b1\u3002\uff09
She has little time to spare for leisure activities.\uff08\u5979\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u95f2\u9002\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\uff09
We have a few apples in the basket.\uff08\u7bee\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\u3002\uff09
There are few people at the park due to the rain.\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u3002\uff09
2. \u8bed\u6cd5\u533a\u522b\uff1a
"A little" \u548c "little" \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u9970\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u3002"A few" \u548c "few" \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u9970\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a
She needs a little help with her math homework.\uff08\u5979\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\uff09
He has little patience for waiting in long queues.\uff08\u4ed6\u5bf9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u3002\uff09
I bought a few books at the bookstore.\uff08\u6211\u5728\u4e66\u5e97\u4e70\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\u3002\uff09
There are few chairs available in the conference room.\uff08\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba4\u91cc\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u3002\uff09
3. \u7528\u6cd5\u533a\u522b\uff1a
"A little" \u548c "little" \u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8868\u793a\u5c11\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u793a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002"A few" \u548c "few" \u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u793a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002
\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a
I need a little more time to finish this task.\uff08\u6211\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\uff09
Unfortunately, we have little information about the incident.\uff08\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u8d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09
We have a few options to consider for our vacation destination.\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u8003\u8651\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5ea6\u5047\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\uff09
Few people attended the event due to bad weather.\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u574f\u5929\u6c14\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\uff09
4. \u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u533a\u522b\uff1a
"A little"\u3001"little"\u3001"a few" \u548c "few" \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u548c\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u9700\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a
She has a little experience in cooking.\uff08\u5979\u5728\u70f9\u996a\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\uff09
There is little chance of success without hard work.\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\uff09
I have a few friends who live in this city.\uff08\u6211\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f4f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\uff09
Few people understand the complexity of this problem.\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\uff09

1.位置用法:a作为冠词,用于以辅音开头的单词前,如:a bed(一张)床; 而an用于以元音开头的单词前,如:an apple(一个)苹果。这种变化,不是出于语义要求,而是出于语音要求。因为作为音节,“辅音+元音”这样的结构形式,发起音来更感自然流畅。an apple读起来就成了:[ə n'æpl]。需要注意的是,这里所说的元音开头,是指元音发音而不是元音字母。如:以U开头且发音为 [juː]的单词,如a unit(一个)单元,尽管U是元音字母,但前面加a而不是an,因为U的发音 [juː],第一个音位是辅音 [j]。在不发音的h开头的单词前,如果后面是重读元音,加an而不是a,如:an hour一小时。对于f, h, l, m, n, r, s, 和 x这些字母开头且读其字母发音时,这些字母也视为元音发音。如:an X-ray X射线/X光。
2.语义用法:a和an和one同源,弱化表示“一”,主要表示名词的可数性。所以在可数名词前,都要加a或an。具体用法有:
(1)一。He has got a job in Los Angeles. 他已在洛杉矶找到一份工作。
(2)任一。A triangle has three sides. 三角形有三条边。
(3)某一。A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。
(4)每一。We met once a week. 我们每周见面一次。
(5)用于数量表达式中。如:a lot, a few, a great deal。
1. a/an(不定冠词)
a用在以辅音字母开头,或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面:
a man一个男人
a university一所大学
a hat一顶帽子
a European一个欧洲人
a one-way street一条单行马路
an用在以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)开头,或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面:
an apple一个苹果
an island一个岛
an uncle一位大叔
an onion一个洋葱
an egg一个鸡蛋
an hour一小时
an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面:
an L-plate一块“实习驾驶”车牌
an MP一个国会议员
an SOS一个呼救信号
an‘x’一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数
a/an没有性的变化:
a man一个男人
a woman一个女人
an actor一个男演员
an actress一个女演员
a table一张桌子

2. a/an的用法
A 用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面:
I need a visa.
我需要签证。
They live in a flat.
他们住一个套间。
He bought an ice-cream.
他买了一个冰淇淋。
B 用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面:
A car must be insured.
汽车必须投保。相当于:
All cars/Any car must be insured.
所有汽车/任何汽车都必须投保。
A child needs love.
孩子需要爱。相当于:
All children need/Any child needs love.
所有孩子/任何孩子都需要爱。
C 用在作表语的名词(包括职业名称)前面:
It was an earthquake.
是一次地震。
She’ll be a dancer.
她将成为舞蹈演员。
He is an actor.
他是演员。
D 用在某些表示数量的词组中:
a lot of许多
a couple一对
a great many很多
a dozen一打(但也可以用 one dozen)
a great deal of大量
E 用在某些数字前面:
a hundred一百
a thousand一千(参见第 349节。)
当half跟在一个整数后面时,a用在half前面:
可以说“a+ half+名词”:
a half-holiday一次半天假
a half-portion半份(食物)
a half-share半份(钱)
a third三分之一
a quarter四分之一
但也可以用one。(参见第350节。)
F 用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中:
5p a kilo 5便士一公斤
£ la metre一英镑一米
sixty kilometres an hour每小时 60公里
10p a dozen 10便士一打
four times a day每天四次
(这里 a/an=per)
G用在感叹句中单数可数名词前面:
Such a long queue!
排的队真长!
What a pretty girl!
多漂亮的姑娘!但是:
Such long queues!
排的队都可真长!
What pretty girls!
多漂亮的姑娘们!
(是复数名词,所以不用冠词,参见第3节。)
H 用在Mr/Mrs/Miss+姓氏之前:
a Mr Smith一位史密斯先生
a Mrs Smith一位史密斯太太
a Miss Smith一位史密斯小姐
a Mr Smith是指一位姓史密斯的先生,表示这位史密斯先生对于说话的人是陌生的。如果Mr Smith前不加a,则说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道有这么个人。
3. a/an的省略
a/an不用在以下几种情况下:
A 复数名词之前:
a/an没有复数形式,所以a dog的复数是dogs,an egg的复数是eggs。
B 不可数名词之前(参见第13节):
C 三餐名称之前,但这些名称前加形容词时除外:
We have breakfast at eight.
我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast.
他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词:
I was invited to dinner(at their house, in the ordinary way).
他们邀请我吃饭(在他们家吃便饭)。
但是说:
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador.
我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。

4. a/an和one
A a/an和one(形容词)
1 计算时间、测量距离或重量等时,a/an或one可以用于单数的前面:
£l=a/one pound一英镑
£ 1,000,000= a/one million pounds 100万英镑
但是,请注意:
The rent is £ 100 a week.
房租为每星期100英镑。
这个句子中week前面的a不能用one代替。
在其他类型的陈述句中a/an和one通常不能互换,因为one+名词通常意为 one only/not more than one(只有一个),而a/an则没有这个意思:
A shotgun is no good.
猎枪不行。(这种武器不合适。)
One shotgun is no good.
一枝猎枪不行。(我需要两枝或三枝。)
2 one的特殊用法
(a) one(形容词/代词)与 another/others对照连用:
One(boy)wanted to read,another/others wanted to watch TV.一个(男孩)想看书,另一个/别的男孩们想看电视。(参见第53节。)
One day he wanted his lunch early, another day he wanted it late.
他一天要早点吃午饭,另一天又要晚点吃午饭。
(b) one可以用在 day/week/month/year/summer/winter等词之前,或者用在日期或月份的名称之前,以特指某事发生的时间:
One night there was a terrible storm.
一天晚上有一场特大的风暴。
One winter the snow fell early.
有一年冬天雪下得早。
On e day a telgram arrived.
有一天来了一封电报。
(c) one day也可用来表示 at some future date(将来有一天):One day you’ll be sorry you treated him so badly.(这里也可用someday。)
终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。
B a/an和one(代词)
one是可以用来代替a/an的相应的代词形式:
-Did you get a ticket?
-Yes,I managed to get one.
-你搞到票了吗?
-是的,我设法搞到了一张。
具有这种用法的one的复数形式是some:
-Did you get tickets?
-Yes,I managed to get some.
-你搞到票了吗?
-是的,我设法搞了几张。
5. a little/a few和 little/few

A a little/little(形容词)用在不可数名词之前:
a little salt/little salt一点盐/没有多少盐
a few/few(形容词)用在复数名词之前:
a few people/few people有几个人/没有几个人
这四种形式也都能用做代词使用,或单独使用或与of连用:
-Sugar?
-A little,please.
-要糖吗?
-请给一点儿。
Only a few of these are any good.
这其中只有几个用得着。
B a litile,a few(形容词和代词)
a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。
把only放在a little/a few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。
Only a few of our customers have accounts.
我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。
但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了这个数量:
I have quite a few books on art.
我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书)
C little和few(形容词和代词):
little和few意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义:
There was little time for consultation.
几乎没有时间商量。
Little is known about the side-effects of this drug.
这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚。
Few towns have such splendid trees.
有这么好看的树木的城市不多。
little和few的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中little和few容易被误认为是 a little/a few)。因此,在日常会话中little和few通常由hardly any替代,也可以由动词否定式+much/many替代:
We saw little.
我们没有看到什么。相当于:
We saw hadly anything./We didn’t see much.
我们几乎什么都没有看到。
Tourists come here but few stay overnight.
有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于:
Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight.
有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。
但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely,comparatively,relatively等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。
fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用。
I’m unwilling to try a drug I know so little about.
我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。
They have too many technicians,we have too few.
他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少。
There are fewer butterflies every year.
蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。
D a little/little(副词)
1 a little可以:
(a)与动词连用:
It rained a little during the night.
夜里下了一点儿雨。
They grumbled a little about having to wait.
他们为要等候抱怨了几句。
(b)与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用:
a little anxious有点儿着急
a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦
a little unwillingly有点儿不情愿地
a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地
(c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用:
The paper should be a little thicker.
这纸应该再厚一点儿。
Can’t you walk a little faster?
你不能走得快一点儿吗?
在(b)中可以用 rather来代替a little。 rather也可以用于比较级之前,但a little更常用一些。
在英语口语中a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little。
2 在比较正式的文体中,little主要同better或more连用:
His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first.
他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。
He was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died.
他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。
在正式的英语中,little可用在某些动词如 expect,know,sus-pect,think等之前:
He little expected to find himself in prison.
他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。
He little thought that one day…
他几乎从不曾想过有一天……
注意像little-known和little-used这样的形容词的用法:
a little-known painter一个藉藉无名画家
a little-used footpath一条几乎没有人走的小道

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