想成为一个大学老师该做什么样的努力的英语作文 介绍一个人当大学老师英语作文
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Two Methods:Becoming a ProfessorAdditional Resources
Teaching at a university is a rewarding career path, but with a declining number of available positions and and over supply of qualified applicants, becoming a college professor isn't easy. If you want to work your way towards that career, preparing yourself with the right background, experience, and expectations can help, but beware that the available options make getting a job in this field a challenge.
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Becoming a Professor
1
Complete your compulsory education. In the United States, this is finishing 12th grade and obtaining a high school diploma, or receiving a General Equivalency Diploma (GED). Strive to attend the most academically rigorous college/university you can. It doesn't have to be an Ivy League school, but following the advice in How to Get Into an Ivy League School will help you get into any institution.
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Keep in mind that you should never pay for graduate school out of pocket. If the institution does not offer you a graduate assistantship, then go somewhere else that does. Minimize the amount of student loans you need to take with scholarships and grants. Accumulating significant student loans during your undergraduate years will add to the loan payments you'll need to make when you're finished with grad school and ready to move on to the professional world. With this in mind, you'll need to weigh a school's academic reputation and its cost.
2
Get a bachelor's degree in the discipline you'd like to teach. Follow the steps in How to Prepare for a PhD as an Undergraduate. Do your best to learn the material thoroughly, without concern for grades or honors. Universities want to hire professors who love learning, the educational environment, and who excel at scholarship. Please note, however, that your Undergraduate degree counts the least once you finish your PhD.
3
Apply for PhD programs. If you want to teach in a two year college, you will need a master's degree (and often a PhD) in the subject you want to teach. If you want to teach at a university (four year institution), you definitely need a terminal degree in that discipline, usually the doctorate.
Doctoral programs take at least 6 years to complete after obtaining a bachelor's degree. This may be in addition to earning a master's degree and completing a dissertation. Some programs, such as those in the humanities, may take longer to complete; others, such as those in engineering, may be 5 years.
As a requirement to obtain a PhD, you also will need -- in addition to years of graduate courses -- to conduct years of research, proposing a new hypothesis or establishing a new testable model. You then must write a dissertation, which often is a book-length manuscript of several hundred pages that describes your original research. You will do this in consultation and under the direction of a faculty advisor. You also will need to defend your work to a committee of faculty to earn approval of your dissertation and degree -- or not. While doing all of this, if you are going to get even an interview for a faculty position, you also ought to be publishing scholarly articles as well as teaching.
Apply for a Teaching Assistantship (TA), which will allow you to gain teaching experience under the supervision of a faculty member. You will be paid very little but gain valuable teaching experience. Try to teach a variety of courses.
4
Do postdoctoral research. If you want a faculty position at a research-oriented or PhD-granting university, typically you will need to do at least one postdoctoral fellowship after completing your PhD. During this time, typically 2-3 yrs, you will need to publish as many papers as you can in the top ranked journals of your discipline.
You will also need to develop an independent research plan that is first and foremost at the leading edge of your discipline, one that is funded by federal agencies such as the National Institute of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), and Department of Eduction (DOE), etc., and will attract graduate students as postdocs to your group.
5
As a graduate student, apply to become a teaching assistant for a tenured professor. You will most likely TA for an undergraduate course. This is the best opportunity for you to gain work experience before you apply for the actual professor positions, and it's also a good chance for you to make sure that teaching is what you want to do for the rest of your life.
Teaching Assistants help the professor prepare for class, lead laboratories or recitations, communicate with students, grade tests and assignments, and assist in data entry.
Professors who teach large classes of hundreds of students have need of TAs who break each lesson down with small groups of 10-30 students after class. These are great opportunities for you to basically teach your own class. However, state budget cuts make TA positions extremely scarce.
If you earn of these rare TA positions, work closely with your professor and stand out to him or her. Be as helpful as possible and make sure that the professor knows what you are responsible and have a strong work ethic. Your teaching supervisor will be a huge asset as a reference writer who can address your teaching qualifications.
6
Realize what becoming an adjunct professor involves. You may want to avoid it. These are contingent workers on whom universities rely to continue offering large numbers of course sections in times of shrinking state support for higher education. Unlike regular, tenured professors, an adjunct professor need not fulfill the same education requirements. As a contingent worker, Adjunct schedules are not guaranteed and can be canceled at the last minute. While you may have experience in a specialized field that the university lacks in its curriculum, the part time nature of the position pays very little, has no job security, and carries no insurance or benefits.
7
When searching for a full-fledged professor position, apply everywhere. The more places you apply, the better your chances of getting a job. This only works if you are willing to move anywhere (possibly cross country) with short notice.
Start by looking at advertisements for open positions that match your experience, field, and area of expertise. For background information you might also look for universities that are looking to expand the department you are interested in becoming a part of. This will help acquaint you with the challenges of beginning an academic career, since few universities have expanding programs due to state budget cuts and other economic factors. It is unlikely that there are openings at top research universities if the department isn't also increasing the number of professors it's hiring. Be aware that tenured faculty lines are increasingly being replaced by adjuncts.
8
Aim for earning tenure. Most colleges and universities allow professors to work full time and earn tenure. Tenure provides those in the academic profession with some benefits, including protection from termination without due process or without cause.
Tenure in any position that involves a research component requires demonstrable funding (especially in sciences and engineering disciplines) and a strong record of publications. There is a 6 to 7-year trial period to determine whether you will earn tenure. Being a good teacher with an undistinguished research record in a job that requires research will typically not get you tenure.
In sciences and engineering, starting assistant professors need "start up" funds from the institution to build a lab, buy specialized equipment and supplies, and get their projects off the ground. This would usually be thought of by the junior faculty members as an investment that their university has made in them. They should try very hard to make good on this investment through securing their own funding, typically 2-3x their startup, before coming up for tenure. However, not all universities provide this type of support.
9
Stay on top of the latest research in your field and attend business conferences. You should be reading publications in your field every day -- which shouldn't be too difficult if you have a true passion for that area. (And if you don't, you may want to reconsider becoming a professor for that subject.)
You need to continually expand your specialized knowledge in that field if you want to become a good professor. Things can change from what's printed in the textbooks, and you want to be able to share that information with your students. It's better not to be one step behind your students and peers.
Networking with the experts in your field will also bolster your own research endeavors.
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