老子道德经英文翻译: 《道德经》全部翻译
\u8001\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u6700\u8d34\u5207\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff1f\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u4e3a\u9053\u548c\u5fb7\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u3002
\u201c\u9053\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u5927\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u201c\u6839\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201cground rule\u201d\u201croot rule\u201d\u201cLaw of nature\u201d
\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9053\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a
\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1a\u9075\u5faa\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0.....
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u4e86\u4e66\u540d\u300aTao Te Ching\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u8bed
\u5f81\u96c6\u7f51
\u9996\u9875
\u5f81\u96c6
\u63ed\u6653
\u8d44\u6e90
\u5728\u7ebf\u5236\u4f5c
\u7535\u5b50\u8bf7\u67ec
\u751f\u65e5\u8d3a\u5361
\u8282\u65e5\u8d3a\u5361
\u7ecf\u5178\u8bed\u53e5_\u7ecf\u5178\u8bed\u5f55\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u5168\u6587\u53ca\u8bd1\u6587
\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u5168\u6587\u53ca\u8bd1\u6587
\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u9996\u9875
\u300a\u767e\u5bb6\u59d3\u300b
\u300a\u4e09\u5b57\u7ecf\u300b
\u300a\u5343\u5b57\u6587\u300b
\u300a\u5f1f\u5b50\u89c4\u300b
\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u7b80\u4ecb
\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u5168\u6587
\u8001\u5b50\u4e0e\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b
\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u4e4b\u300a\u9053\u7ecf\u300b
\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u4e4b\u300a\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b
\u8001\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u8bd1\u6587
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0
\u9053\u53ef\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9053\uff1b\u540d\u53ef\u540d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u540d\u3002
\u65e0\u540d\uff0c\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u59cb\uff1b\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u6bcd\u3002
\u6545\u5e38\u65e0\u6b32\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5176\u5999\uff1b\u5e38\u6709\u6b32\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5176\u5fbc\u3002
\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u51fa\u800c\u5f02\u540d\uff0c\u540c\u8c13\u4e4b\u7384\u3002
\u7384\u4e4b\u53c8\u7384\uff0c\u4f17\u5999\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u53d6\u9053\u4e8e\u5bfb\u5e38\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u975e\u6052\u4e45\u4e4b\u9053\uff1b\u53d6\u540d\u4e8e\u5bfb\u5e38\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u975e\u6052\u4e45\u4e4b\u540d\u3002\u53d6\u540d\u4e8e\u65e0\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5929\u5730\u672a\u5224\u4e4b\u521d\u59cb\uff1b\u53d6\u540d\u4e8e\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u5316\u751f\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u65e0\u6240\u8d8b\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89c2\u60f3\u90a3\u65e0\u4ee5\u540d\u72b6\u7684\u5fae\u5999\uff1b\u65f6\u5e38\u53c8\u8981\u6709\u6240\u8d8b\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89c2\u60f3\u90a3\u6210\u540d\u5316\u7269\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6df1\u53ca\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5e7d\u6df1\u5185\u6bbf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u6df1\u53ca\u5e7d\u6df1\u7684\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u6cd5\u95e8\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000
\u5929\u4e0b\u7686\u77e5\u7f8e\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7f8e\uff0c\u65af\u6076\u77e3\uff1b\u7686\u77e5\u5584\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5584\uff0c\u65af\u4e0d\u5584\u77e3\u3002
\u6545\u6709\u65e0\u76f8\u751f\uff0c\u96be\u6613\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u957f\u77ed\u76f8\u5f62\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e0b\u76f8\u503e\uff0c\u97f3\u58f0\u76f8\u548c\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u968f\u2026\u2026
\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u5904\u65e0\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u884c\u4e0d\u8a00\u4e4b\u6559\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u4f5c\u7109\u800c\u4e0d\u8f9e\uff0c\u751f\u800c\u4e0d\u6709\uff0c\u4e3a\u800c\u4e0d\u6043\uff0c\u529f\u6210\u800c\u4e0d\u5c45\u3002
\u592b\u552f\u4e0d\u5c45\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u5929\u4e0b\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5acc\u6076\u7684\u4e11\uff1b\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5584\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5584\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u5584\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c"\u6709"\u4e0e"\u65e0"\u76f8\u4e92\u7a81\u663e\uff0c"\u96be"\u4e0e"\u6613"\u76f8\u4e92\u4fc3\u6210\uff0c"\u957f"\u4e0e"\u77ed"\u76f8\u4e92\u663e\u73b0\uff0c"\u9ad8"\u4e0e"\u4e0b"\u76f8\u4f9d\u800c\u5b58\uff0c"\u97f3"\u4e0e"\u58f0"\u76f8\u4e92\u966a\u886c\uff0c"\u524d"\u4e0e"\u540e"\u76f8\u4e92\u7167\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b"\u540d"\u76f8\u53cd\u800c\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u8fc1\u5ef6\u4e0d\u5c45\u800c\u4e0d\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u6240\u6210\u540d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u65bd\u884c\u65e0\u987b\u4ed7\u540d\u7acb\u8a00\u7684\u529d\u6559\uff0c\u5766\u8361\u8fce\u5019\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u6d41\u53d8\u800c\u4e0d\u62b5\u89e6\u754f\u907f\uff0c\u751f\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u5e76\u4e0d\u62d8\u7cfb\u81ea\u6709\uff0c\u505a\u6210\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e76\u4e0d\u6267\u4e3a\u4ed7\u6043\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u77dc\u5c45\u529f\u540d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77dc\u5c45\u529f\u540d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u901d\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0
\u4e0d\u5c1a\u8d24\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e0d\u4e89\uff1b\u4e0d\u8d35\u96be\u5f97\u4e4b\u8d27\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e0d\u4e3a\u76d7\uff1b\u4e0d\u89c1\u53ef\u6b32\uff0c\u4f7f
\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e0d\u4e71\u3002
\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\uff0c\u865a\u5176\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b9e\u5176\u8179\uff0c\u5f31\u5176\u5fd7\uff0c\u5f3a\u5176\u9aa8\u3002\u5e38\u4f7f\u6c11\u65e0\u77e5
\u65e0\u6b32\u3002\u4f7f\u592b\u667a\u8005\u4e0d\u6562\u4e3a\u4e5f\u3002\u4e3a\u65e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u4e0d\u6cbb\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u4e0d\u5d07\u5c1a\u8d24\u624d\u5f02\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u70ab\u6280\u901e\u80fd\u800c\u4e89\u540d\u9010\u5229\u3002\u4e0d\u770b\u91cd\u7a00\u8d35\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u505a\u76d7\u8d3c\u3002\u4e0d\u663e\u9732\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u8d2a\u6b32\u7684\u7269\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u88ab\u6270\u4e71\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u6392\u5f03\u5145\u65a5\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6e29\u9971\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8f6f\u5316\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u729f\u6267\u8d8b\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7acb\u81ea\u8db3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u6267\u6210\u89c1\u3001\u4e0d\u751f\u8d2a\u6b32\uff0c\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b"\u667a\u8005"\u4e0d\u6562\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u6240\u6210\u4e3a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0
\u9053\u51b2\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u4e4b\u6216\u4e0d\u76c8\u3002\u6e0a\u516e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u5b97\uff1b\u6e5b\u516e\uff0c\u4f3c\u6216\u5b58\u3002\u543e\u4e0d
\u77e5\u8c01\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u8c61\u5e1d\u4e4b\u5148\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u9053\u662f\u865a\u65e0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5374\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5e7d\u6df1\u83ab\u6d4b\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u4f9d\u5f52\u3002\u5b83\u6d88\u78e8\u4e86\u950b\u89d2\uff0c\u6392\u89e3\u4e86\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u67d4\u548c\u4e86\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u6d51\u540c\u4e8e\u5c18\u4fd7\u3002\u5b83\u65e0\u5f62\u65e0\u8ff9\u5475\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u5b83\u4e4b\u4e0a\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u66f4\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5929\u5e1d\u4e4b\u524d\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0
\u5929\u5730\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e07\u7269\u4e3a\u520d\u72d7\uff1b\u5723\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u767e\u59d3\u4e3a\u520d\u72d7\u3002
\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u72b9\u6a50\u9fa0\u4e4e\uff1f\u865a\u800c\u4e0d\u5c48\uff0c\u52a8\u800c\u6108\u51fa\u3002
\u591a\u8a00\u6570\u7a77\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5b88\u4e2d\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u5929\u5730\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u4ec1\u7231\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u628a\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u5f53\u4f5c"\u520d\u72d7"\u6765\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u5723\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6267\u6c42\u4ec1\u7231\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u628a\u767e\u59d3\u4e5f\u5f53\u4f5c"\u520d\u72d7"\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b63\u50cf\u662f\u6c14\u56ca\u6216\u7a7a\u7ba1\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5927\u7a7a\u6ce1\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u867d\u7a7a\u865a\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u584c\u7f29\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u751f\u5316\u4e0d\u606f\u3002\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e8e\u4ed7\u540d\u7acb\u8a00\u5f80\u5f80\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6301\u5b88\u7a7a\u865a\u800c\u987a\u4efb\u81ea\u7136\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0
\u8c37\u795e\u4e0d\u6b7b\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u7384\u725d\u3002\u7384\u725d\u4e4b\u95e8\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u5929\u5730\u6839\u3002\u7ef5\u7ef5\u82e5\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b
\u4e0d\u52e4\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011\uff1a
\u865a\u795e\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3a\u65e0\u6bd4\u5e7d\u6df1\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u901a\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e0\u6bd4\u5e7d\u6df1\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u4e4b\u6e90\u7684\u95e8\u5f84\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5929\u5730\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u7ef5\u5ef6\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u53c8\u82e5\u6709\u82e5\u65e0\uff0c\u5b83\u65bd\u5c55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0
\u5929\u957f\u5730\u4e45\u3002\u5929\u5730\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u957f\u4e14\u4e45\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4e0d\u81ea\u751f\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u957f\u751f\u3002
\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u540e\u5176\u8eab\u800c\u8eab\u5148\uff1b\u5916\u5176\u8eab\u800c\u8eab\u5b58\u3002\u975e\u4ee5\u5176\u65e0\u79c1\u90aa\uff1f\u6545\u80fd\u6210\u5176\u79c1\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u5929\u957f\u5730\u4e45\u3002\u5929\u5730\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u4e45\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53bb\u5f3a\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u4e45\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u9996\u9886\uff1b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5bb6\u6027\u547d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5bb6\u6027\u547d\u3002\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6210\u5c31\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002
\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0
\u4e0a\u5584\u82e5\u6c34\u3002\u6c34\u5584\u5229\u4e07\u7269\u800c\u4e0d\u4e89\uff0c\u5904\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u6076\uff0c\u6545\u51e0\u4e8e\u9053\u3002
\u5c45\u5584\u5730\uff0c\u5fc3\u5584\u6e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5584\u4ec1\uff0c\u8a00\u5584\u4fe1\uff0c\u653f\u5584\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e8b\u5584\u80fd\uff0c\u52a8\u5584\u65f6\u3002
\u592b\u552f\u4e0d\u4e89\uff0c\u6545\u65e0\u5c24\u3002
\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011
\u4e0a\u597d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5178\u8303\u5c31\u50cf\u6c34\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6c34\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u5229\u5bfc\u4e07\u7269\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5904\u5b88\u4e8e\u4f17\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u613f\u5904\u7684\u4f4e\u4e0b\u5904\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u9053\u3002
\u6c34\uff0c\u5c45\u5904\u5584\u4e8e\u62e9\u4e0b\u800c\u5c45\uff0c\u5b58\u5fc3\u5e7d\u6df1\u800c\u660e\u6f88\uff0c\u4ea4\u6e38\u5171\u5904\u8c10\u548c\u76f8\u4eb2\uff0c\u8a00\u884c\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u6613\u4e8e\u6e05\u9759\u592a\u5e73\uff0c\u529e\u4e8b\u80fd\u5e72\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5584\u4e8e\u5e94\u673a\u987a\u52bf\u800c\u884c\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c34\u603b\u662f\u5229\u5bfc\u4e07\u7269\u800c\u4e0d
Pacific water,full of sweet virtue and patience(OR so calm,so generous,so virtuous),the bridal of the humbleness and the heart. (不行了。。。。。。)
你这。。。英文翻译不出来的,翻译出来也変了味。。。
绛旓細鑰佸瓙銆閬撳痉缁銆嬪叓鍗佷竴绔犱腑鐨勭涓绔犵涓鍙ュ氨鏄:鈥滈亾鍙亾,闈炲父閬撱傗濊繖鏄佸瓙鍐欍婇亾寰风粡銆嬬殑寮瀹楁槑涔変箣鍙,鍏跺垎閲忔槸鏋侀噸澶х殑銆傚鏋滆繖涓紑瀹楁槑涔夌殑绗竴鍙ヨ瘽娌℃湁寮勬竻妤,閭d箞浠ヤ笅鏁存湰銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬮兘娌℃湁娉曞瓙濂藉ソ鍦拌涓嬪幓,鏇翠笉瑕佽濡備綍鍘绘纭悊瑙e拰瀹炶浜嗐傜劧鑰,杩欎釜鈥滈亾鍙亾,闈炲父閬撯濅竴鍙ュ叚瀛椾腑,鏈鍏抽敭鐨勯棶棰樹箖鏄:鈥...
绛旓細璁╀汉绉板鐨勬槸,鑷16涓栫邯銆閬撳痉缁銆嬩紶鍏ヨタ鏂瑰悗,鑰佸瓙鍙婂叾鎬濇兂涔熷紩璧蜂簡瑗挎柟浜虹殑鍏虫敞鍜岃鍚屻 娴峰鍒濊瘑銆婇亾寰风粡銆 鏃╁湪16涓栫邯,鑰佸瓙鐨勩婇亾寰风粡銆嬪氨琚瘧鎴愯タ鏂规枃瀛,17涓栫邯浠ュ悗,鍊熷姪瑗挎柟鐨勫晢鑸瑰線杩,椤虹潃瑗挎柟浼犳暀澹殑瓒宠抗,銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬮愭鐢变腑鍥戒紶鍏ユ娲,瑗挎柟浜烘妸銆婇亾寰风粡銆缈昏瘧鎴愪簡鎷変竵鏂囥佹硶鏂囥佸痉鏂囥鑻辨枃绛夋枃瀛,鑰佸瓙...
绛旓細鏃╁湪17涓栫邯鐨勫痉鍥藉摬瀛﹀鑾卞竷灏煎吂銆18涓栫邯鐨勬硶鍥藉惎钂欐濇兂瀹朵紡灏旀嘲銆佸瓱寰锋柉楦犵瓑浜洪兘瀵逛腑鍥芥枃鍖栫殑鍗氬ぇ绮炬繁璧炲徆涓嶅凡锛屽苟鑷鍦颁粠涓緱鍒版濇兂璧勬簮銆傚彂琛岄噺浠呮銆婂湥缁忋鑰佸瓙鏄タ鏂逛汉鏈鎰熷叴瓒g殑鍝插瀹朵箣涓銆備粠16涓栫邯寮濮嬶紝瑗挎柟浜烘妸銆閬撳痉缁銆缈昏瘧鎴愪簡鎷変竵鏂囥佹硶鏂囥佸痉鏂囥鑻辨枃绛夈傛嵁瑗挎柟瀛﹁呯粺璁★紝浠1816骞磋嚦浠婏紝...
绛旓細鏃╁湪16涓栫邯,鑰佸瓙鐨勩閬撳痉缁銆嬪氨琚タ鏂逛汉璇戞垚瑗挎柟鏂囧瓧,17涓栫邯浠ュ悗,鍊熷姪瑗挎柟鐨勫晢鑸瑰線杩,椤虹潃瑗挎柟浼犳暀澹殑瓒宠抗,銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬮愭鐢变腑鍥戒紶鍏ユ娲,瑗挎柟浜烘妸銆婇亾寰风粡銆缈昏瘧鎴愪簡鎷変竵鏂囥佹硶鏂囥佸痉鏂囥鑻辨枃绛夋枃瀛,鑰佸瓙鎬濇兂閫愭笎浼犻亶娆ф床澶ч檰銆傛嵁璇村痉鍥藉摬瀛﹀鑾卞竷灏煎吂鏈鍒濇鏄牴鎹紡缇层侀粍鑰佺殑闃撮槼瀛﹁鎻愬嚭浜嗕簩杩涘埗鎬濇兂,骞剁粰澶瀬闃...
绛旓細鈥濄閬撳痉缁銆嬩负杩滃彜鍗庡璇綍浣撹憲浣溿傘婇亾寰风粡銆嬬鍏崄绔犳槸涓哄皬鍥借璁★紝涓哄皬鍥芥彁渚涜嚜澶勭殑涓涓柟妗堛備絾鏄畠鏇村鐨勬槸涓哄ぇ鍥斤紝姣斿銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬪叚鍗佺珷娌诲ぇ鍥借嫢鐑瑰皬椴溿傜劧鍚庢帴涓嬫潵鏈夊ソ鍑犵珷閮芥槸涓哄ぇ鍥姐傘婇亾寰风粡銆嬩笉浠呰皥灏忓浗銆佹洿澶氱殑鏄皥澶у浗銆傚皬鍥姐佸ぇ鍥鑰佸瓙閮芥彁渚涗簡鏂规銆 鏌ョ湅鐧剧 3銆鑻辨枃缈昏瘧 Small ...
绛旓細銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬪湪瑗挎柟鐨勭涓涓瘧鏈紝鏄1842骞村反榛庡嚭鐗堢殑鏂潶灏兼柉鎷夋柉路鏈辩悊瀹缈昏瘧鐨勩鑰佸瓙閬撳痉缁銆嬫硶鏂囨湰锛1870骞磋幈姣旈敗鍑虹増浜嗙淮鍏嬪鏂界壒鍔虫柉鐨勩婅佸瓙閬撳痉缁忋嬪痉鏂囪瘧鏈紱1884骞翠鸡鏁﹀嚭鐗堜簡椴嶅皵璐圭殑鑻辨枃璇戞湰銆婇亾涔︺嬶紱1891骞寸悊闆呭悇鐨勩婇亾涔︺嬭瘧鏈湪鐗涙触鍑虹増锛1898骞寸編鍥借姖鍔犲摜鍑虹増浜嗕繚缃椔峰崱椴佹柉鐨勩婅佸瓙閬撳痉缁忋...
绛旓細閬撳痉缁57绔 鏄互鍦d汉涔嬭█鏇帮細鎴戞棤涓猴紝鑰屾皯鑷寲锛涙垜濂介潤锛岃屾皯鑷锛涙垜鏃犱簨锛岃屾皯鑷瘜锛涙垜娆蹭笉娆诧紝鑰屾皯鑷湸銆
绛旓細鏋楄鍫傜増閬撳痉缁锛屽湪鏂板崕涔﹀簵鍙互璐拱銆傘婇亾寰风粡銆嬶紝鏄ョ鏃舵湡鑰佸瓙锛堟潕鑰筹級鐨勫摬瀛︿綔鍝侊紝鍙堢О銆婇亾寰风湡缁忋嬨併婅佸瓙銆嬨併婁簲鍗冭█銆嬨併婅佸瓙浜斿崈鏂囥嬶紝鏄腑鍥藉彜浠e厛绉﹁瀛愬垎瀹跺墠鐨勪竴閮ㄨ憲浣滐紝鏄亾瀹跺摬瀛︽濇兂鐨勯噸瑕佹潵婧愩傞亾寰风粡鍒嗕笂涓嬩袱绡囷紝鍘熸枃涓婄瘒銆婂痉缁忋嬨佷笅绡囥婇亾缁忋嬶紝涓嶅垎绔狅紝鍚庢敼涓恒婇亾缁忋37绔犲湪鍓...
绛旓細澶у摜~浣犵湡鐙狅紒锛佽鍏ㄩ儴缈昏瘧锛熶綘涔熺湅涓嶈繃鏉~~ 涓嶈繃鎴戝彲浠ュ憡璇変綘閲岄潰璁茬殑鏄瘇闃撮槼涓ら潰鐨勪笢瑗縹閲岄潰澶氭璇村埌銆佷笉浜夈佷綆璋冦佹棤涓鸿屾不銆侀『鍏惰嚜鐒躲佺墿鏋佸繀杩旓紝杩旂挒褰掔湡銆佹湸銆佹棤娆层傝繕璁蹭簡鍏靛涔嬮亾锛屽仛浜哄浜嬩箣閬撱 浣犲彲浠ヤ拱鏈功鏇村ソ鐨勭粏缁嗗懗璇粇鍑犱簩鍗佹潵鍧楅挶锛
绛旓細銆婇亾寰风粡銆嬪湪瑗挎柟鐨勭涓涓瘧鏈紝鏄1842骞村反榛庡嚭鐗堢殑鏂潶灏兼柉鎷夋柉路鏈辩悊瀹缈昏瘧鐨勩鑰佸瓙閬撳痉缁銆嬫硶鏂囨湰锛1870骞磋幈姣旈敗鍑虹増浜嗙淮鍏嬪鏂界壒鍔虫柉鐨勩婅佸瓙閬撳痉缁忋嬪痉鏂囪瘧鏈紱1884骞翠鸡鏁﹀嚭鐗堜簡椴嶅皵璐圭殑鑻辨枃璇戞湰銆婇亾涔︺嬶紱1891骞寸悊闆呭悇鐨勩婇亾涔︺嬭瘧鏈湪鐗涙触鍑虹増锛1898骞寸編鍥借姖鍔犲摜鍑虹増浜嗕繚缃椔峰崱椴佹柉鐨勩婅佸瓙閬撳痉缁忋...