哪位经济学家研究的成果出现,标志进入了人力资本研究阶段 人力资本由哪些部分构成
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\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec:
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\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49
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舒尔茨最初研究的是农业经济学。他在长期的农业经济研究中发现,促使美国农业产量迅速增长的重要原因已不是土地、劳力或资本存量的增加,而是人的技能与知识的提高。同时,他发现工人工资大幅度增长中有一部分尚未得到解释。他将这一部分归功于人力的结果。于是,舒尔茨在1960年提出人力资本学说,并被西方资产阶级经济学界称为“人力资本概念之父”。同年,舒尔茨在美国经济学第73届年会所作的“人力资本”的演讲,被称作人力资本理论创立的“宪章”,证明了教育对经济发展的巨大贡献。
而在同一时期,美国经济学家贝克尔也在研究资本积累课题。其发现经济发展的过程就是一个资本不断积累的过程,这其中既包括物质资本也报括人力资本。贝克尔在1964年出版《人力资本》专著,该著说在舒尔茨提出的人力资本概念基础上,第一次完整地阐述了人力资本理论,其分析了人们如何根据回报率作出人力资本的决定,认为人力资本的累积能带来技术进步和创新,从而进一步提高生产率。《人力资本》被认为是西方人力资本理论的经典,是席卷60年代经济学界的“经济思想上的人力革命”的起点。
因此,可以说人力资本理论最早起源于经济学研究。20世纪60年代,是美国经济学家舒尔茨和贝克尔创立了人力资本理论,开辟了关于人类生产能力的崭新思路。
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